1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T X.784 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (03/2016) SERIES X: DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY OSI management Management functions and ODMA functions Guidelines for implementation conforman
2、ce statements proformas associated with SNMP-based management systems Recommendation ITU-T X.784 ITU-T X-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS DATA NETWORKS, OPEN SYSTEM COMMUNICATIONS AND SECURITY PUBLIC DATA NETWORKS Services and facilities X.1X.19 Interfaces X.20X.49 Transmission, signalling and switching X.50X
3、.89 Network aspects X.90X.149 Maintenance X.150X.179 Administrative arrangements X.180X.199 OPEN SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION Model and notation X.200X.209 Service definitions X.210X.219 Connection-mode protocol specifications X.220X.229 Connectionless-mode protocol specifications X.230X.239 PICS proform
4、as X.240X.259 Protocol Identification X.260X.269 Security Protocols X.270X.279 Layer Managed Objects X.280X.289 Conformance testing X.290X.299 INTERWORKING BETWEEN NETWORKS General X.300X.349 Satellite data transmission systems X.350X.369 IP-based networks X.370X.379 MESSAGE HANDLING SYSTEMS X.400X.
5、499 DIRECTORY X.500X.599 OSI NETWORKING AND SYSTEM ASPECTS Networking X.600X.629 Efficiency X.630X.639 Quality of service X.640X.649 Naming, Addressing and Registration X.650X.679 Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) X.680X.699 OSI MANAGEMENT Systems management framework and architecture X.700X.709
6、Management communication service and protocol X.710X.719 Structure of management information X.720X.729 Management functions and ODMA functions X.730X.799 SECURITY X.800X.849 OSI APPLICATIONS Commitment, concurrency and recovery X.850X.859 Transaction processing X.860X.879 Remote operations X.880X.8
7、89 Generic applications of ASN.1 X.890X.899 OPEN DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING X.900X.999 INFORMATION AND NETWORK SECURITY X.1000X.1099 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1100X.1199 CYBERSPACE SECURITY X.1200X.1299 SECURE APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES X.1300X.1399 CYBERSECURITY INFORMATION EXCHANGE X.1500X.159
8、9 CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY X.1600X.1699 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T X.784 (03/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T X.784 Guidelines for implementation conformance statements proformas associated with SNMP-based management systems Summary Recommendation
9、ITU-T X.784 proposes guidelines for implement conformance statement (ICS) proformas for simple network management protocol (SNMP)-based interface systems. SNMP is widely used to manage nodes such as servers, workstations, routers and switches in IP networks. When SNMP-based management systems need t
10、o be interconnected, system testing is required in order to ensure operability among them. ICS proformas are a way for implementers to claim conformance to a standardized SNMP interface specification. This Recommendation provides an overview and constructions for the management information base (MIB
11、) and the structure of management information (SMI) and provides several proformas (tables) for each of the SMI components to be used in an interface. Instructions on how to fill in each column in the tables are also provided. Finally some examples of the SNMP interface ICS are provided in Appendix
12、I while additional information about the conformance test methodology for SNMP-based interfaces is provided in Appendix II. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T X.784 2016-03-15 2 11.1002/1000/12783 * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int
13、/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T X.784 (03/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunic
14、ations, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunicat
15、ions on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure
16、laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommun
17、ication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these m
18、andatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draw
19、s attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or
20、 others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not repr
21、esent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T X.784 (03/20
22、16) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Basis of conformance test methodology for SNMP-based management system interface 3 6.1 Overview 3 6.
23、2 Methodology of conformance test for SNMP-based interfaces . 3 7 SMI-based management interface ICS proforma . 3 7.1 MIB and SMI overview 3 7.2 Guidelines for specification of SMI-based interface ICS proformas . 5 8 Instruction for completing the SMI-based interface ICS proformas 13 8.1 Definition
24、of “supported“ . 13 8.2 The “Index“ column 13 8.3 The “subIndex“ column 14 8.4 The “Support“ column 14 8.5 The “Additional information“ column 14 8.6 The “Validity“ column 14 Appendix I Examples of the SMI-based interface ICS proforma specification . 15 I.1 MIB definition example 1 15 I.2 SIICS Prof
25、ile for UDP-MIB 18 I.3 SIICS for UDP-MIB 18 I.4 MIB definition example 2 22 I.5 SIICS profile for SNMPv2-MIB 26 I.6 SIICS for the SNMPv2-MIB . 26 Appendix II Additional information about the conformance test methodology for SNMP-based interfaces 31 Bibliography. 32 Rec. ITU-T X.784 (03/2016) 1 Recom
26、mendation ITU-T X.784 Guidelines for implementation conformance statements proformas associated with SNMP-based management systems 1 Scope This Recommendation provides guidelines for simple network management protocol (SNMP)-based interface implementation conformance statement (SIICS) proformas and
27、the specification of these proformas. The SIICS is a statement made by an implementer to claim conformance to a structure of management information (SMI)-based interface definition. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in t
28、his text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent ed
29、ition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T X.290 Recommendation I
30、TU-T X.290 (1995), OSI conformance testing methodology and framework for protocol Recommendations for ITU-T applications General concepts. ITU-T X.291 Recommendation ITU-T X.291 (1995), OSI conformance testing methodology and framework for protocol Recommendations for ITU-T applications Abstract tes
31、t suite specification. (Twinned to ISO 9646-2) ITU-T X.296 Recommendation ITU-T X.296 (1995), OSI conformance testing methodology and framework for protocol Recommendations for ITU-T applications Implementation conformance statements. (Twinned to ISO 9646-7) ITU-T X.724 Recommendation ITU-T X.724 (1
32、996), Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Structure of management information: Requirements and guidelines for implementation conformance statement proformas associated with OSI management. ITU-T X.781 Recommendation ITU-T X.781 (2001), Requirements and guidelines for Implementation
33、Conformance Statements proformas associated with CORBA-based systems. ISO 9646-2 ISO/IEC 9646-2:1994, Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Conformance testing methodology and framework Part 2: Abstract Test Suite specification. (Twinned to ITU-T X.291) ISO 9646-7 ISO/IEC 9646-7:1995,
34、Information technology Open Systems Interconnection Conformance testing methodology and framework Part 7: Implementation Conformance Statements. (Twinned to ITU-T X.291) IETF RFC 1157 IETF RFC 1157 (1990), A Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP). IETF RFC 1212 IETF RFC 1212 (1991), Concise MIB D
35、efinitions. IETF RFC 1902 IETF RFC 1902 (1996), Structure of Management Information for Version 2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2). 2 Rec. ITU-T X.784 (03/2016) IETF RFC 2578 IETF RFC 2578 (1999), Structure of Management Information Version 2 (SMIv2). IETF RFC 2580 IETF RFC 2580 (1
36、999), Conformance Statements for SMIv2. IETF RFC 3410 IETF RFC 3410 (2002), Introduction and Applicability Statements for Internet Standard Management Framework (SNMPv3). 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 implementation co
37、nformance statement (ICS) ITU-T X.290: A statement made by the supplier of an implementation or system claimed to conform to a given specification, stating which capabilities have been implemented. The ICS can take several forms: protocol ICS, profile ICS, profile specific ICS, and information objec
38、t ICS. 3.1.2 (ICS (proforma) item ITU-T X.290: A row in an ICS (proforma) table. 3.1.3 (ICS (proforma) question ITU-T X.290: The question to be answered in the intersection of an ICS item and either a support column (i.e., “Is this item supported in the context applying to this table and column?“) o
39、r supported values column (i.e., “What values are supported for this item in the context applying to this table and column?“) in an ICS proforma table. 3.1.4 status (value) ITU-T X.290: An allowed entry in the status column for an item in an ICS proforma table. 3.1.5 structure of management informat
40、ion (SMI) b-ITU-T H.341: The rules used to define objects which can be accessed via a network management protocol. 3.1.6 (support) answer ITU-T X.290: An allowed entry in the support or supported values columns for an item in an ICS, in answer to an ICS question. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommenda
41、tion None. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One CORBA Common Object Request Broker Architecture ICS Implementation Conformance Statement IUT Implementation Under Test MIB Management Information Base OID Obj
42、ect Identifier PDU Protocol Data Unit SIICS SNMP-based Interface Implementation Conformance Statement SMI Structure of Management Information SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol Rec. ITU-T X.784 (03/2016) 3 5 Conventions None. 6 Basis of conformance test methodology for SNMP-based management sys
43、tem interface 6.1 Overview Conformance relates an implementation to a standard. It states in which way systems, implemented with respect to a standard, can vary without errors occurring in their cooperation. If an implementation fulfills these requirements, then it conforms to the standard. The chec
44、k of the statements is the conformance test. The starting point is the definition of conformance requirements in implementation independent interface specifications on the basis of an identification of reference points. A management interface specification shall define conformance reference points a
45、t which an object must be tested to check if it fulfils a set of conformance criteria. During the test, a number of stimuli and events are observed and evaluated at these conformance points. Management interface specifications shall include conformance statements which identify conformance reference
46、 points at every interface of the specified objects. In general, the information flow between two system components is realized through several reference points, thus the conformance test has to take into consideration the following: a) the test of such information flow at each reference point; and
47、b) the test of consistency between the combinations. Therefore, a coordinated test at all identified reference points is necessary. 6.2 Methodology of conformance test for SNMP-based interfaces This Recommendation provides guidelines for a conformance test of SNMP-based interfaces. In order to ensur
48、e consistency of testing methods for network management interfaces, the testing methodology and process for SNMP-based interfaces shall be consistent with the testing process of a common object request broker architecture (CORBA)-based interface as defined in ITU T-X.781. IETF RFC 2580 gives conform
49、ance statements for SMIv2 by defining several macros, and Appendix II provides information on the differences between IETF RFC 2580 and this Recommendation. 7 SMI-based management interface ICS proforma The structure of management information (SMI) is used to define interfaces of objects as a management information base (MIB) in SNMP-based systems. This clause first introduces the features of MIB and SMI, then specifies the SIICS proformas accordi
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