1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Y.1540 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (07/2016) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES Internet protocol asp
2、ects Quality of service and network performance Internet protocol data communication service IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS
3、 GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.80
4、0Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.169
5、9 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture
6、 Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Numbering, naming and addressing Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Smart ubiquitous networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized
7、 mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 Future networks Y.3000Y.3099 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (07/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 Internet protocol data communication service IP packet transfer and availa
8、bility performance parameters Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 defines parameters that may be used in specifying and assessing the performance of speed, accuracy, dependability and availability of IP packet transfer of international Internet protocol (IP) data communication services. The defined
9、parameters apply to end-to-end, point-to-point IP service and to the network portions that provide, or contribute to the provision of, such service in accordance with the normative references specified in clause 2. Connectionless transport is a distinguishing aspect of the IP service that is conside
10、red in this Recommendation. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T I.380 1999-02-26 13 11.1002/1000/4573 1.0 ITU-T Y.1540 1999-02-26 13 11.1002/1000/5302 2.0 ITU-T Y.1540 2002-12-14 13 11.1002/1000/6189 2.1 ITU-T Y.1540 (2002) Amd. 1 2003-08-01 13 11.1002/1000/6975
11、3.0 ITU-T Y.1540 2007-11-13 12 11.1002/1000/9270 3.1 ITU-T Y.1540 (2007) Amd.1 2009-03-19 12 11.1002/1000/9727 4.0 ITU-T Y.1540 2011-03-01 12 11.1002/1000/11079 4.1 ITU-T Y.1540 (2011) Amd.1 2016-01-21 12 11.1002/1000/12761 5.0 ITU-T Y.1540 2016-07-29 12 11.1002/1000/12975 _ * To access the Recommen
12、dation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (07/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations speci
13、alized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them w
14、ith a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Re
15、commendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for
16、 conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Reco
17、mmendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any p
18、arty. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property
19、Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, impleme
20、nters are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written
21、permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (07/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 3 3 Abbreviations and acronyms 4 4 Layered model of performance for IP service 5 5 Generic IP service performance model . 6 5.1 Network components 6 5.2 Exchange links and network sections . 7 5.3 Me
22、asurement points and measurable sections 9 5.4 IP packet transfer reference events (IPREs) . 9 5.5 IP packet transfer outcomes 11 6 IP packet transfer performance parameters 16 6.1 Packet qualifications . 16 6.2 IP packet transfer delay 17 6.3 IP packet error ratio (IPER) 20 6.4 IP packet loss ratio
23、 (IPLR) . 20 6.5 Spurious IP packet rate . 21 6.6 IP packet reordered ratio (IPRR) 21 6.7 IP packet severe loss block ratio (IPSLBR) . 21 6.8 IP packet duplicate ratio (IPDR) 22 6.9 Replicated IP packet ratio (RIPR) 22 6.10 Stream repair parameters 22 6.11 Capacity parameters . 22 6.12 Flow-related
24、parameters . 24 7 IP service availability . 25 7.1 IP service availability function . 25 7.2 IP service availability parameters . 27 Appendix I IP packet routing considerations 28 Appendix II Secondary terminology for IP packet delay variation 29 II.1 Introduction 29 II.2 Definition of inter-packet
25、delay variation 29 II.3 Definition of 1-point packet delay variation 29 II.4 Guidance on applying the different parameters 30 Appendix III Rate and throughput capacity related parameters . 31 III.1 Definition of IP packet rate parameters 31 III.2 References for throughput parameters and measurements
26、 . 31 III.3 Open issues . 31 Appendix IV Tests of IP service availability state and sampling estimation of IP service availability parameters 33 iv Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (07/2016) Page IV.1 Minimal test of IP service availability state (for test methodologies and test sets) 33 IV.2 Test of IP service av
27、ailability state (using sequential probability ratio test) 33 IV.3 Alternate test of statistical significance to determine IP service availability 35 IV.4 Sampling estimation of IP service availability . 36 Appendix V Material relevant to IP performance measurement methods 37 Appendix VI Background
28、on IP service availability 38 VI.1 Introduction 38 VI.2 Background . 38 VI.3 Definitions of the regions in Figure VI.1 . 39 VI.4 Summary . 39 Appendix VII Packet performance parameters for estimation and optimization of stream repair techniques . 40 VII.1 Introduction 40 VII.2 Short description of a
29、pplication-layer stream repair techniques 41 VII.3 Simple model of application-layer stream repair techniques . 41 VII.4 Example of performance parameters to characterize stream repair variables 42 VII.5 Discussion of parameter measurement and usage 42 VII.6 Additional considerations . 43 Appendix V
30、III IP-layer capacity framework 44 VIII.1 Introduction 44 VIII.2 Terminology and relation to IETF RFC 5136 44 VIII.3 Items for further study 45 Appendix IX Explanation of TCP-based measurement inadequacy to meet normative requirements . 46 IX.1 Introduction 46 IX.2 Comparison with normative requirem
31、ents . 46 Bibliography. 48 Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (07/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.1540 Internet protocol data communication service IP packet transfer and availability performance parameters 1 Scope This Recommendation defines parameters that may be used in specifying and assessing the performance of
32、speed, accuracy, dependability and availability of IP packet transfer of international Internet Protocol (IP) data communication services. The defined parameters apply to the end-to-end, point-to-point IP service and to the network portions that provide, or contribute to the provision of, such servi
33、ce in accordance with the normative references specified in clause 2. Connectionless transport is a distinguishing aspect of the IP service that is considered in this Recommendation. For the purpose of this Recommendation, end-to-end IP service refers to the transfer of user-generated IP datagrams (
34、referred to in this Recommendation as IP packets) between two end hosts as specified by their complete IP addresses. This differs from the boundaries implied by the phrase “end-to-end“ in some other Recommendations. For example, ITU-T P.10 defines end-to-end quality as related to the performance of
35、a communication system, including all terminal equipment. For voice services, end-to-end is equivalent to mouth-to-ear quality. NOTE 1 This Recommendation defines parameters that can be used to characterize IP service provided using Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) and Internet Protocol version 6
36、(IPv6); applicability or extension of this Recommendation to other protocols (e.g., resource reservation protocol (RSVP) is for further study. NOTE 2 Recommendations for the performance of point-to-multipoint IP service are currently under development. The ITU-T Y.1540 performance parameters are int
37、ended to be used in planning and offering international IP service. The intended users of this Recommendation include IP service providers, equipment manufacturers and end users. This Recommendation may be used by service providers in the planning, development and assessment of IP service that meets
38、 user performance needs; by equipment manufacturers as performance information that will affect equipment design; and by end users in evaluating IP service performance. The scope of this Recommendation is summarized in Figure 1. The IP service performance parameters are defined on the basis of IP pa
39、cket transfer reference events (IPREs) that may be observed at measurement points (MPs) associated with specified functional and jurisdictional boundaries. For comparability and completeness, IP service performance is considered in the context of the 3 3 performance matrix defined in ITU-T I.350. Th
40、ree protocol-independent communication functions are identified in the matrix: access, user information transfer and disengagement. Each function is considered with respect to three general performance concerns (or “performance criteria“): speed, accuracy and dependability. An associated two-state m
41、odel provides a basis for describing IP service availability. NOTE 3 In this Recommendation, the user information transfer function illustrated in Figure 1 refers to the attempted transfer of any IP packet, regardless of its type or contents. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.1540 (07/2016) I P pk t I P pk t I P pk tB
42、 oun da r y B oun da r yMP MPI P pk t I P pk t I P pk tB oun da r y B oun da r yMP MPR out e r R out e rI P ne t w or kM P : M e a s ur e m e nt P oi ntpkt : P a c ke tI T U - T Y .15 40 I P p ac k e t t r an s f e r r e f e r e n c e e ve n t sC r i t e r i onF unc t i onA c c e s sD i s e nga ge m
43、 e ntS pe e d A c c ur a c y D e pe nda bi l i t y( S e e c l a us e 5)( S e e c l a us e 6)( S e e c l a us e 7)L i nkI P s e r vi c euna va i l a bl eI T U - T Y .15 40 A vai l ab i l i t yp ar am e t e r sI P s e r vi c ea va i l a bl eU s e r i nf or m a t i ont r a ns f e rI T U - T Y .15 40 I
44、P p ac k e t t r an s f e r p e r f or m an c e p ar am e t e r sN e t w or k s e c t i on E xc ha nge l i nkR out e ror S R CI P pk tI P pk tR out e ror D S TFigure 1 Scope of this Recommendation The performance parameters defined in this Recommendation describe the speed, accuracy, dependability a
45、nd availability of IP packet transfer as provided by the IP data communication service. Future ITU-T Recommendations may be developed to provide standard methods of measuring the ITU-T Y.1540 performance parameters in an international context. The end-to-end performance of international IP services
46、providing access and disengagement functions (e.g., domain name service) and higher-layer transport capabilities (e.g., transmission control protocol) may be addressed in separate Recommendations. This Recommendation is structured as follows: Clause 1 specifies its scope. Clause 2 specifies its norm
47、ative references. Clause 3 provides a list of abbreviations. Clause 4 illustrates the layered model that creates the context for IP performance specification. Clause 5 defines the model used for IP performance, including network sections and measurement points, reference events and outcomes. Clause
48、6 uses this model to define IP packet transfer performance parameters. Clause 7 then defines IP service availability parameters. Appendix I describes IP packet routing considerations and their effects on performance. Appendix II provides secondary terminology for IP packet delay variation. Appendix
49、III describes some possible metrics for IP packet rate and reference material for assessing the throughput and throughput capacity of IP service. Appendix IV describes estimation of IP service availability. Appendix V presents considerations for measuring the ITU-T Y.1540 parameters. Appendix VI gives some background on IP service availability. Appendix VII offers background information on the stream repair parameters, and Appendix VIII adds information on c
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