1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Y.2002TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (10/2009) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Next Generation Networks Frameworks and functional architecture models Overview of ubiquito
2、us networking and of its support in NGN Recommendation ITU-T Y.2002 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network a
3、spects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, acces
4、s, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT G
5、ENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Numbering, naming an
6、d addressing Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Future networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T R
7、ecommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.2002 (10/2009) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.2002 Overview of ubiquitous networking and of its support in NGN Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.2002 provides an overview of ubiquitous networking and of its support in NGN. This Recommendation describes objectives and fundamental
8、characteristics of ubiquitous networking and identifies capabilities required for the support of ubiquitous networking in NGN. Source Recommendation ITU-T Y.2002 was approved on 29 October 2009 by ITU-T Study Group 13 (2009-2012) under Recommendation ITU-T A.8 procedures. Keywords Next generation ne
9、twork (NGN), ubiquitous networking. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.2002 (10/2009) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector
10、 (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every f
11、our years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, t
12、he necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary.
13、 However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the nega
14、tive equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the u
15、se of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendatio
16、n, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/w
17、ww.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2010 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.2002 (10/2009) iii CONTENTS Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 2 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 2 3.2 Terms de
18、fined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 3 6 Overview and objectives of ubiquitous networking . 3 7 Fundamental characteristics of ubiquitous networking 4 8 “Ubiquitous networking“ communication types . 5 9 High-level capabilities for ubiquitous networking in NGN
19、 . 6 10 High-level architectural model for ubiquitous networking in NGN . 7 11 Security considerations . 7 Appendix I Correspondence between capabilities for ubiquitous networking and NGN capabilities 9 Appendix II The vision of ubiquitous networking 10 II.1 Directions for network evolution 10 II.2
20、Vision “Fusion revolution crosses over industries“ . 11 Bibliography. 13 Rec. ITU-T Y.2002 (10/2009) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2002 Overview of ubiquitous networking and of its support in NGN 1 Scope This Recommendation provides an overview of ubiquitous networking in NGN. More specifically, this Rec
21、ommendation covers the following: definition of ubiquitous networking; objectives of ubiquitous networking; fundamental characteristics of ubiquitous networking; communication types required for ubiquitous networking; overview of the support of ubiquitous networking in NGN in terms of high-level cap
22、abilities and corresponding high-level architectural model. The capabilities which are required for supporting ubiquitous networking in NGN and which are identified in this Recommendation need to be mapped to NGN capabilities as defined in ITU-T Y.2201. This mapping is provided in Appendix I. 2 Refe
23、rences The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; use
24、rs of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommen
25、dation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Q.1300 Recommendation ITU-T Q.1300 (1995), Telecommunication applications for switches and computers (TASC) General overview. ITU-T Y.2001 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2001 (2004), General overview of NGN. ITU-T Y.20
26、11 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2011 (2004), General principles and general reference model for Next Generation Networks. ITU-T Y.2012 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2012 (2006), Functional requirements and architecture of the NGN release 1. ITU-T Y.2201 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2201 (2009), Requirements and capabi
27、lities for ITU-T NGN. ITU-T Y.2701 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2701 (2007), Security requirements for NGN release 1. ITU-T Y.2702 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2702 (2008), Authentication and authorization requirements for NGN release 1. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.2002 (10/2009) 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere Th
28、is Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 generalized mobility ITU-T Y.2001: The ability for the user or other mobile entities to communicate and access services irrespective of changes of the location or technical environment. The degree of service availability may depend
29、on several factors including the Access Network capabilities, service level agreements between the users home network and the visited network (if applicable), etc. Mobility includes the ability of telecommunication with or without service continuity. 3.1.2 next generation network (NGN) ITU-T Y.2001:
30、 A packet-based network able to provide telecommunication services and able to make use of multiple broadband, QoS-enabled transport technologies and in which service-related functions are independent from underlying transport-related technologies. It enables unfettered access for users to networks
31、and to competing service providers and/or services of their choice. It supports generalized mobility which will allow consistent and ubiquitous provision of services to users. 3.1.3 object ITU-T Q.1300: An intrinsic representation of an entity that is described at an appropriate level of abstraction
32、 in terms of its attributes and functions. NOTE 1 An object is characterized by its behaviour. An object is distinct from any other object. An object interacts with its environment including other objects at its interaction points. An object is informally said to perform functions and offer services
33、 (an object which makes a function available is said to offer a service). For modelling purposes, these functions and services are specified in terms of the behaviour of the object and of its interfaces. An object can perform more than one function. A function can be performed by the cooperation of
34、several objects. See b-ITU-T X.902 for further information. NOTE 2 Objects include terminal devices (e.g., used by a person to access the network such as mobile phones, personal computers, etc.), remote monitoring devices (e.g., cameras, sensors, etc.), information devices (e.g., content delivery se
35、rver), products, contents, and resources. 3.1.4 user ITU-T Y.2201: A user includes end user (ITU-T Y.2091), person, subscriber, system, equipment, terminal (e.g., FAX, PC), (functional) entity, process, application, provider, or corporate network. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recomm
36、endation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 context: The information that can be used to characterize the environment of a user. NOTE Context information may include where the user is, what resources (devices, access points, noise level, bandwidth, etc.) are near the user, at what time the user is m
37、oving, interaction history between person and objects, etc. According to specific applications, context information can be updated. 3.2.2 ubiquitous networking: The ability for persons and/or devices to access services and communicate while minimizing technical restrictions regarding where, when and
38、 how these services are accessed, in the context of the service(s) subscribed to. NOTE Although technical restrictions to access services and communicate may be minimized, other constraints such as regulatory, national, provider and environmental constraints may impose further restrictions. Rec. ITU
39、-T Y.2002 (10/2009) 3 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: ANI Application to Network Interface API Application Programming Interface BT Bio Technology CT Content Technology ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network IT Information Technology
40、ITS Intelligent Transportation System NGN Next Generation Network NNI Network to Network Interface NT Nano Technology PC Personal Computer PDA Personal Digital Assistant PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network QoS Quality of Service RFID Radio Frequency Identifier SCM Supply Chain Management UNI User
41、 to Network Interface 5 Conventions None applicable. 6 Overview and objectives of ubiquitous networking The term “ubiquitous networking“ as defined in clause 3 is used for naming the networking capabilities which are needed to provide the support of various classes of applications/services which req
42、uire “any services, any time, any where and any objects“ type of operation. One of the ultimate objectives of ubiquitous networking is to meet the challenge of seamless communications of “anything“ (e.g., persons and objects). Ubiquitous networking will have to encompass the following: ubiquitous co
43、nnectivity allowing for whenever, whoever, wherever, whatever types of communications; pervasive reality for effective interface to provide connectable real world environments; ambient intelligence allowing for innovative communications and providing increased value creation. As a result, ubiquitous
44、 networking will also enable innovative services involving the use of technologies such as bio-technologies (BT), nano-technologies (NT) and content technologies (CT), thus allowing the provision of services that go beyond traditional telecommunication and information technology (IT) services. These
45、 innovative services will require extensions in terms of networking capabilities as well as the availability of any types of objects. 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.2002 (10/2009) Appendix II provides further information regarding the potential directions for network evolution and a vision of ubiquitous networking
46、services, applications and capabilities. 7 Fundamental characteristics of ubiquitous networking Fundamental characteristics of ubiquitous networking are as follows: IP connectivity IP connectivity will allow objects involved in ubiquitous networking to communicate with each other within a network an
47、d/or when objects have to be reachable from outside their network. Particularly, as many new types of objects will be connected to networks, IPv6 will play a key role in object-to-object communications and also mitigate against address exhaustion of IPv4. Personalization Personalization will allow t
48、o meet the users needs and to improve the users service experience since delivering appropriate contents and services to the user. User satisfaction is motivated by the recognition that a user has needs, and meeting them successfully is likely to lead to a satisfying client-customer relationship and
49、 re-use of the services offered. Intelligence Numerous network requirements in terms of data handling and processing capabilities will emerge from various industries involved in the field of ubiquitous networking (e.g., the car industry, semi-conductor industry or medical industry). Making these capabilities available for use by business and assisting this business in terms of efficient and timing decision making is very important. Intelligence which enables network capabilities to pr
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