1、 International Telecommunication Union ITU-T Y.2057TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (11/2011) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Next Generation Networks Frameworks and functional architecture models Framework of node id
2、entifier and locator separation in IPv6-based next generation networks Recommendation ITU-T Y.2057 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and
3、middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y
4、.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IP
5、TV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.
6、2250Y.2299 Numbering, naming and addressing Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Smart ubiquitous networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 Future networks
7、 Y.3000Y.3099 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.2057 (11/2011) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.2057 Framework of node identifier and routing locator separation in IPv6-based next generation networks Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.2057 describes a framework
8、 of node identifier and routing locator separation (also known as ID/LOC separation) in IPv6-based next generation networks (NGNs). It describes IPv6 address separation, mapping functions and procedures, and considerations for the deployment of identifier and locator separation in IPv6-based NGNs. H
9、istory Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group 1.0 ITU-T Y.2057 2011-11-29 13 Keywords ID/LOC separation, IPv6 address. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.2057 (11/2011) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information
10、 and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide
11、 basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA R
12、esolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administrat
13、ion and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions
14、 are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS ITU draws attention to the
15、 possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of
16、 the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest i
17、nformation and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.2057 (11/2011) iii Table of
18、Contents Page 1 Scope 1 2 References. 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 3 5 Conventions 4 6 IPv6 addressing schemes for ID/LOC separation in NGNv6 . 4 6.1 IPv6 address space separation 4 6.2 Node ID and locator c
19、onfiguration . 6 7 Functions and procedures for ID/LOC separation in NGNv6 8 7.1 Functions for ID/LOC separation in NGNv6 . 8 7.2 Procedures for ID/LOC separation in NGNv6 . 9 8 Considerations for deployment of ID/LOC separation in NGNv6 . 11 8.1 Node ID namespace is not overlapped with locator name
20、space 11 8.2 Node ID namespace is overlapped with locator namespace 13 9 Security considerations . 14 Appendix I Scenarios in IPv6 and IPv4 address space coexistence . 15 I.1 Communication scenarios between hosts in the same node ID namespaces 15 I.2 Interworking scenarios between hosts in different
21、 node ID namespaces . 16 Bibliography. 19 Rec. ITU-T Y.2057 (11/2011) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2057 Framework of node identifier and routing locator separation in IPv6-based next generation networks 1 Scope Recommendation ITU-T Y.2051 defines a new term, “IPv6-based NGN“, to support advanced archite
22、ctural objectives of the next generation network (NGN) by using IPv6 protocols and mechanisms. Recommendation ITU-T Y.2015 describes general requirements for identifier and locator separation (also known as ID/LOC separation) to efficiently support mobility, multihoming and host renumbering in the N
23、GN. In order to enrich the IPv6-based NGN with the benefits of ID/locator separation, this Recommendation describes a framework of ID/LOC separation in the IPv6-based NGN. The scope of this Recommendation includes: IPv6 addressing schemes for ID/LOC separation mapping functions and procedures for ID
24、/LOC separation in IPv6-based NGNs considerations of deployment for ID/LOC separation in IPv6-based NGNs. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publi
25、cation, editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the cu
26、rrently valid ITU-T Recommendations is published regularly. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.2001 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2001 (2004), General overview of NGN. ITU-T Y.2015 Recommendation ITU-T
27、Y.2015 (2009), General requirements for ID/locator separation in NGN. ITU-T Y.2022 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2022 (2011), Functional architecture for the support of host-based separation of node identifiers and routing locators in next generation networks. ITU-T Y.2051 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2051 (2008
28、), General overview of IPv6-based NGN. ITU-T Y.2701 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2701 (2006), Security requirements for NGN release 1. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 address b-ITU-T Y.2091: An address is the identifier for a
29、specific termination point and is used for routing to this termination point. NOTE This Recommendation only uses the term “address“ in the case where it does not specifically refer to a locator or an identifier. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.2057 (11/2011) 3.1.2 identifier b-ITU-T Y.2091: An identifier is a series
30、 of digits, characters and symbols or any other form of data used to identify subscriber(s), user(s), network element(s), function(s), network entity(ies) providing services/applications, or other entities (e.g., physical or logical objects). Identifiers can be used for registration or authorization
31、. They can be either public to all networks, shared between a limited number of networks or private to a specific network (private IDs are normally not disclosed to third parties). NOTE In this Recommendation, the identifier is referred to as an “NGN identifier.“ 3.1.3 ID/LOC separation ITU-T Y.2015
32、: ID/LOC separation is decoupling the semantic of IP address into the semantics of node IDs and LOCs. Distinct namespaces are used for node IDs and LOCs so that they can evolve independently. LOCs are associated with the IP layer whereas node IDs are associated with upper layers in such a way that o
33、ngoing communication sessions or services shall not be broken by changing LOCs due to mobility and multihoming. NOTE In this Recommendation, a completely new namespace for node IDs can optionally be created that would leave the IP address space more or less intact for LOCs, allowing routing technolo
34、gies to be developed independently with no implications on end-host mobility or end-host multihoming. 3.1.4 IPv6-based NGN ITU-T Y.2051: This refers to NGN that supports addressing, routing protocols, and services associated with IPv6. An IPv6-based NGN shall recognize and process the IPv6 headers a
35、nd options, operating over various underlying transport technologies in the transport stratum. NOTE In this Recommendation, this term is abbreviated as “NGNv6.“ 3.1.5 locator (LOC) ITU-T Y.2015: A locator is the network layer topological name for an interface or a set of interfaces. LOCs are carried
36、 in the IP address fields as packets traverse the network. NOTE In this Recommendation, there are two types of locator: local-scoped locator and global-scoped locator. Generally, a locator means the global IPv6 address. 3.1.6 multihoming b-ITU-T G.8081: Multiple links between an end-point and one or
37、 more transport networks. Multihoming may be used, for example, for load balancing or protection via diverse routes. 3.1.7 node ITU-T Y.2015: A node is defined as a connection point that may be a network device, a user terminal or a process where data can be transmitted, received or forwarded. In ge
38、neral, a node is identified by its NGN identifier by the user, and by its node ID by the protocol stack. 3.1.8 node ID ITU-T Y.2015: A node ID is an identifier used at the transport and higher layers to identify the node as well as the endpoint of a communication session. A node ID is independent of
39、 the node location as well as the network to which the node is attached so that the node ID is not required to change even when the node changes its network connectivity by physically moving or simply activating another interface. The node IDs should be used at the transport and higher layers for re
40、placing the conventional use of IP addresses at these layers. A node may have more than one node ID in use. NOTE Unless otherwise specified, the term “ID“ used in this Recommendation represents a node ID, not an NGN identifier specified in this or any other Recommendations. 3.2 Terms defined in this
41、 Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 ID/locator mapping record: An ID/locator mapping record contains the relationship between a node IDv6 and a locator. An ID/locator mapping record pertaining to an end-user function contains the node IDv6 and locator that the end-
42、user function possesses. Rec. ITU-T Y.2057 (11/2011) 3 NOTE The end-user function should possess at least one node IDv6 and one locator at any time. When the end-user function possesses many locators (e.g., when it is multihomed), its node IDv6 may relate to many locators at the same time. 3.2.2 IPv
43、6 address separation: IPv6 address separation is the approach of using the IPv6 address space for deriving both node IDs and locators to be used in the NGNv6. NOTE The node ID and locator namespaces may overlap or be isolated. If the node ID and locator namespaces are overlapped, an IPv6 address der
44、ived from the overlapped space can be a node ID, a locator, or both, depending on approaches of implementing ID/locator separation. 3.2.3 namespace: A collection of IPv6 addresses from which the node IDs and locators can be derived in the IPv6-based NGN. 3.2.4 node IDv4: A node ID used in the ID/LOC
45、 separation architecture of IPv4-based NGNs. NOTE Similar to an IPv4 address, the node IDv4 is allowed to have a hierarchical representation consisting of prefix, scope, version and other fields. 3.2.5 node IDv6: A node ID used in the ID/LOC separation architecture of IPv6-based NGN. NOTE Similar to
46、 an IPv6 address, the node IDv6 is recommended to have a hierarchical representation consisting of prefix, scope, version and other fields. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: DHCPv6 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 DNS Domain N
47、ame System EUF End-User Function FE Functional Entity ILCF ID/LOC mapping Control Functions ILM-FE ID/Locator Mapping Functional Entity ILMF ID/LOC Mapping Functions ILMS-FE ID/Locator Mapping Storage Functional Entity IP Internet Protocol IPv4 Internet Protocol version 4 IPv6 Internet Protocol vers
48、ion 6 NACF Network Attachment Control Functions NGN Next Generation Network NGNv4 IPv4-based NGN NGNv6 IPv6-based NGN ORCHID Overlay Routable Cryptographic Hash Identifiers SCF Service Control Functions SUP-FE Service User Profile Functional Entity TCF Transport Control Function TLM-FE Transport Loc
49、ation Management Functional Entity TUP-FE Transport User Profile Functional Entity 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.2057 (11/2011) 5 Conventions None. 6 IPv6 addressing schemes for ID/LOC separation in NGNv6 In the conventional Internet protocol (IP)-based network, an Internet protocol version six (IPv6) address assigned to an end node has two meanings, node ID and locator, as shown in Figure 1. The node ID uniquely identifies the end node while the locator uniquely indicates the position of the end node in t
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