1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Y.2238 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (06/2015) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS Next Generation Networks Service aspects: Service capabili
2、ties and service architecture Overview of Smart Farming based on networks Recommendation ITU-T Y.2238 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications a
3、nd middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Performances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and application
4、s Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signalling Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899
5、 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and service architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NG
6、N Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized mobility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499
7、 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 For further details, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.2238 (06/2015) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.2238 Overview of Smart Farming based on networks Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.2238 considers the actualized convergence service for agriculture
8、, namely Smart Farming, as a solution to cope with various problems caused by severe conditions or the gap of viewpoints between people engaged in farming and IT engineers. In particular, this Recommendation defines service capabilities for Smart Farming, provides a reference model for Smart Farming
9、, and identifies network capabilities required to produce an infrastructure which supports Smart Farming. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T Y.2238 2015-06-13 13 11.1002/1000/12520 Keywords Convergence service for agriculture, Smart Farming. _ * To access the Re
10、commendation, type the URL http:/handle.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.2238 (06/2015) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations
11、 specialized agency in the field of telecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on
12、them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of IT
13、U-T Recommendations is covered by the procedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is us
14、ed for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with th
15、e Recommendation is achieved when all of these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of
16、 any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTSITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Pro
17、perty Rights, whether asserted by ITU members or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had not received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, i
18、mplementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior wr
19、itten permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.2238 (06/2015) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 2 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 3 6 Introduction of Smart Farming based on networks 3 6
20、.1 Concept . 3 6.2 General overview 3 7 Reference model of Smart Farming based on networks . 4 7.1 Reference architecture 4 7.2 Service roles . 5 8 Service capabilities required to support Smart Farming. 6 9 Network capabilities . 6 10 Security considerations . 7 Appendix I The cyclic procedures of
21、a convergence service for agriculture 8 Appendix II Environments and deployments of a convergence service for agriculture . 9 Appendix III Service capabilities 11 III.1 Service capabilities for the pre-production stage . 11 III.2 Service capabilities for the production stage 11 III.3 Service capabil
22、ities for the post-production stage 12 Bibliography. 16 iv Rec. ITU-T Y.2238 (06/2015) Introduction An actualized convergence service for agriculture is expected to bring more efficiency and quality improvement in production, distribution and consumption of agricultural products with the aid of IT i
23、nformation processing and autonomous control technologies. However, there exist many difficulties to establish services and systems to actualize the convergence service in the agricultural field to cope with various problems such as time-varying weather changes, growth condition of farm products, an
24、d continual diseases or technical problems such as battery life and sensor malfunctions due to severe conditions. In addition, the gap of viewpoints between people engaged in farming and IT engineers may make it difficult to accomplish this mission. Therefore, it is appropriate to consider an actual
25、ized convergence service for agriculture, namely Smart Farming, as a solution to cope with anticipated problems. In addition, the aspect of network capabilities to support this convergence service, where various types of networks, such as NGN, Future Networks and legacy networks, could be applied sh
26、ould be considered. This Recommendation develops a reference model, defines service capabilities and identifies network capabilities required to support such services. Rec. ITU-T Y.2238 (06/2015) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2238 Overview of Smart Farming based on networks 1 Scope This Recommendation pr
27、ovides an overview of Smart Farming based on networks. The scope of this Recommendation includes: Smart Farming reference model. Service capabilities required by Smart Farming. Network capabilities required by Smart Farming. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references conta
28、in provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other references are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the
29、 possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The reference to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a R
30、ecommendation. ITU-T Y.2002 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2002 (2009), Overview of ubiquitous networking and its support in NGN. ITU-T Y.2060 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 (2012), Overview of the Internet of things. ITU-T Y.2701 Recommendation ITU-T Y.2701 (2007), Security requirements for NGN release 1. ITU
31、-T Y.3041 Recommendation ITU-T Y.3041 (2013), Smart ubiquitous networks Overview. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 context ITU-T Y.2002: The information that can be used to characterize the environment of a user. NOTE Con
32、text information may include where the user is, what resources (devices, access points, noise level, bandwidth, etc.) are near the user, at what time the user is moving, interaction history between person and objects, etc. According to specific applications, context information can be updated. 3.1.2
33、 object ITU-T Y.2002: An intrinsic representation of an entity that is described at an appropriate level of abstraction in terms of its attributes and functions. NOTE 1 An object is characterized by its behaviour. An object is distinct from any other object. An object interacts with its environment
34、including other objects at its interaction points. An object is informally said to perform functions and offer services (an object which makes a function available is said to offer a service). For modelling purposes, these functions and services are specified in terms of the behaviour of the object
35、and of its interfaces. An object can perform more than one function. A function can be performed by the cooperation of several objects. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.2238 (06/2015) NOTE 2 Objects include terminal devices (e.g., used by a person to access the network such as mobile phones, personal computers, etc.)
36、, remote monitoring devices (e.g., cameras, sensors), information devices (e.g., content delivery server), products, contents, and resources. 3.1.3 ubiquitous networking ITU-T Y.2002: The ability for persons and/or devices to access services and communicate while minimizing technical restrictions re
37、garding where, when and how these services are accessed, in the context of the service(s) subscribed to. NOTE Although technical restrictions to access services and communicate may be minimized, other constraints such as regulatory, national, provider and environmental constraints may impose further
38、 restrictions. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recommendation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 agricultural consumer: The service role that ultimately purchases the final agricultural products from distributors or agricultural producers. 3.2.2 agricultural distributor: The service ro
39、le that distributes agricultural products supplied from agricultural producers through the distribution channel. 3.2.3 agricultural producer: The service role that actually produces agricultural products to be supplied to distributors or consumers. 3.2.4 Smart Farming based on networks: A service th
40、at uses networks to actualize a convergence service in the agricultural field to attain more efficiency and quality improvement and to cope with various problems. NOTE Problems may include such items as time-varying weather changes, growth condition of farm products, plant diseases, and technical pr
41、oblems, such as battery life and sensor malfunctions due to severe conditions. The service may overcome such problems with the aid of IT information processing and autonomous control technologies. 3.2.5 Smart Farming service provider: The service role that provides the requested Smart Farming servic
42、es, such as providing a portal or consulting based on data gathered from agricultural fields, to requesting users. 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acronyms: AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting API Application Programming Interface CC
43、TV Closed-Circuit Television DC Distribution Centre GC Gathering Centre IoT Internet of Things IPv6 Internet Protocol, version 6 ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network IT Information Technology NGN Next Generation Network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network QoS Quality of Service Rec. ITU-T Y.2
44、238 (06/2015) 3 RFID Radio Frequency Identification 5 Conventions None. 6 Introduction of Smart Farming based on networks 6.1 Concept Smart Farming is a service that uses networks to actualize a convergence service in the agricultural field to cope with various problems, e.g., time-varying weather c
45、hanges, growth condition of farm products, and continual diseases or technical problems, such as battery life, sensor malfunctions due to severe conditions, with the aid of information processing and autonomous control technologies of the information technology (IT) area. Smart Farming, based on net
46、works, needs to be considered on the basis of interactions between the entities that are tightly related to the agricultural field, i.e., agricultural producers, service providers, logistics agents, market distributors, customers and the telecommunications network that interconnects these, as shown
47、in Figure 1. Figure 1 Conceptual diagram of Smart Farming based on networks 6.2 General overview Smart Farming can run autonomously without human intervention with the cyclic procedures of Appendix I considering environments as shown in Appendix II when advanced technologies such as sensors, compute
48、rs or control systems are used. However, Smart Farming must also be capable of coping with unexpected events, such as product theft and reduction in revenues due to excess production. Hence, there is a need for capabilities to address these issues. Services, such as the following, which use networks
49、, could be developed to address such problems in the future environment: Farm products protection: a service that prevents the theft of agricultural products in farmlands, greenhouses or warehouses by humans and animals through surveillance, such as closed-circuit television (CCTV), infrared sensors or other sensors that are connected via networks to agricultural producers. 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.2238 (06/2015) Farm products traceability: a service that provides traceability information
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