1、 I n t e r n a t i o n a l T e l e c o m m u n i c a t i o n U n i o n ITU-T Y.4453 TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU (09/2016) SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES Internet of things an
2、d smart cities and communities Frameworks, architectures and protocols Adaptive software framework for Internet of things devices Recommendation ITU-T Y.4453 ITU-T Y-SERIES RECOMMENDATIONS GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE, INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION NETWORKS, INTERNET OF THINGS A
3、ND SMART CITIES GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE General Y.100Y.199 Services, applications and middleware Y.200Y.299 Network aspects Y.300Y.399 Interfaces and protocols Y.400Y.499 Numbering, addressing and naming Y.500Y.599 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.600Y.699 Security Y.700Y.799 Pe
4、rformances Y.800Y.899 INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS General Y.1000Y.1099 Services and applications Y.1100Y.1199 Architecture, access, network capabilities and resource management Y.1200Y.1299 Transport Y.1300Y.1399 Interworking Y.1400Y.1499 Quality of service and network performance Y.1500Y.1599 Signall
5、ing Y.1600Y.1699 Operation, administration and maintenance Y.1700Y.1799 Charging Y.1800Y.1899 IPTV over NGN Y.1900Y.1999 NEXT GENERATION NETWORKS Frameworks and functional architecture models Y.2000Y.2099 Quality of Service and performance Y.2100Y.2199 Service aspects: Service capabilities and servi
6、ce architecture Y.2200Y.2249 Service aspects: Interoperability of services and networks in NGN Y.2250Y.2299 Enhancements to NGN Y.2300Y.2399 Network management Y.2400Y.2499 Network control architectures and protocols Y.2500Y.2599 Packet-based Networks Y.2600Y.2699 Security Y.2700Y.2799 Generalized m
7、obility Y.2800Y.2899 Carrier grade open environment Y.2900Y.2999 FUTURE NETWORKS Y.3000Y.3499 CLOUD COMPUTING Y.3500Y.3999 INTERNET OF THINGS AND SMART CITIES AND COMMUNITIES General Y.4000Y.4049 Definitions and terminologies Y.4050Y.4099 Requirements and use cases Y.4100Y.4249 Infrastructure, conne
8、ctivity and networks Y.4250Y.4399 Frameworks, architectures and protocols Y.4400Y.4549 Services, applications, computation and data processing Y.4550Y.4699 Management, control and performance Y.4700Y.4799 Identification and security Y.4800Y.4899 Evaluation and assessment Y.4900Y.4999 For further det
9、ails, please refer to the list of ITU-T Recommendations. Rec. ITU-T Y.4453 (09/2016) i Recommendation ITU-T Y.4453 Adaptive software framework for Internet of things devices Summary Recommendation ITU-T Y.4453 addresses the concept of the adaptive software framework (ASF), identifies high-level requ
10、irements and provides a reference functional architecture for Internet of things (IoT) devices. The ASF is a framework to manage and control adaptive IoT applications in real-time and in a dynamic way and enables optimal quality of service (QoS) performance. The adaptive IoT application is an IoT ap
11、plication that changes performance by altering system resource allocation (e.g., the number of central processing unit (CPU) cores, graphics processing unit (GPU) utilization, network bandwidth, etc.). Therefore, the ASF can provide optimal working of applications on IoT devices. The ASF is based on
12、 the IoT reference model described in Recommendation ITU-T Y.4000. History Edition Recommendation Approval Study Group Unique ID* 1.0 ITU-T Y.4453 2016-09-13 20 11.1002/1000/13028 Keywords Adaptive software framework, Internet of things, IoT. * To access the Recommendation, type the URL http:/handle
13、.itu.int/ in the address field of your web browser, followed by the Recommendations unique ID. For example, http:/handle.itu.int/11.1002/1000/11830-en. ii Rec. ITU-T Y.4453 (09/2016) FOREWORD The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is the United Nations specialized agency in the field of tel
14、ecommunications, information and communication technologies (ICTs). The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of ITU. ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations on them with a view to standardizing telec
15、ommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly (WTSA), which meets every four years, establishes the topics for study by the ITU-T study groups which, in turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. The approval of ITU-T Recommendations is covered by the p
16、rocedure laid down in WTSA Resolution 1. In some areas of information technology which fall within ITU-Ts purview, the necessary standards are prepared on a collaborative basis with ISO and IEC. NOTE In this Recommendation, the expression “Administration“ is used for conciseness to indicate both a t
17、elecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. Compliance with this Recommendation is voluntary. However, the Recommendation may contain certain mandatory provisions (to ensure, e.g., interoperability or applicability) and compliance with the Recommendation is achieved when all o
18、f these mandatory provisions are met. The words “shall“ or some other obligatory language such as “must“ and the negative equivalents are used to express requirements. The use of such words does not suggest that compliance with the Recommendation is required of any party. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT
19、SITU draws attention to the possibility that the practice or implementation of this Recommendation may involve the use of a claimed Intellectual Property Right. ITU takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of claimed Intellectual Property Rights, whether asserted by ITU m
20、embers or others outside of the Recommendation development process. As of the date of approval of this Recommendation, ITU had received notice of intellectual property, protected by patents, which may be required to implement this Recommendation. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
21、 represent the latest information and are therefore strongly urged to consult the TSB patent database at http:/www.itu.int/ITU-T/ipr/. ITU 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without the prior written permission of ITU. Rec. ITU-T Y.4453
22、(09/2016) iii Table of Contents Page 1 Scope . 1 2 References . 1 3 Definitions 1 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere 1 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation . 1 4 Abbreviations and acronyms 2 5 Conventions 2 6 Overview of the adaptive software framework 2 7 ASF features and high-level requirements . 3 7
23、.1 ASF features . 4 7.2 High-level requirements . 5 8 Functional architecture of the ASF . 6 8.1 Application monitoring manager function . 7 8.2 System information manager function . 9 8.3 Policy manager function . 14 Appendix I An example use case and workflow for ASF . 17 Bibliography. 19 Rec. ITU
24、-T Y.4453 (09/2016) 1 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4453 Adaptive software framework for Internet of things devices 1 Scope This Recommendation describes the high-level requirements and functional architecture of the adaptive software framework (ASF) for Internet of things (IoT) devices. In particular, the
25、 scope of this Recommendation includes: an overview of the ASF; features and high-level requirements of the ASF: monitoring capability, policy decision capability and management capability; functional architecture of the ASF: application monitoring manager function, system information manager functi
26、on and policy manager function. 2 References The following ITU-T Recommendations and other references contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Recommendation. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All Recommendations and other r
27、eferences are subject to revision; users of this Recommendation are therefore encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Recommendations and other references listed below. A list of the currently valid ITU-T Recommendations is regularly published. The refere
28、nce to a document within this Recommendation does not give it, as a stand-alone document, the status of a Recommendation. ITU-T Y.4000 Recommendation ITU-T Y.4000/Y.2060 (2012), Overview of the Internet of things. 3 Definitions 3.1 Terms defined elsewhere This Recommendation uses the following terms
29、 defined elsewhere: 3.1.1 application b-ITU-T Y.2091: A structured set of capabilities, which provide value-added functionality supported by one or more services, which may be supported by an API interface. 3.1.2 Internet of things (IoT) ITU-T Y.4000: A global infrastructure for the information soci
30、ety, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies. NOTE 1 Through the exploitation of identification, data capture, processing and communication capabilities, the IoT makes full use
31、 of things to offer services to all kinds of applications, whilst ensuring that security and privacy requirements are fulfilled. NOTE 2 From a broader perspective, the IoT can be perceived as a vision with technological and societal implications. 3.2 Terms defined in this Recommendation This Recomme
32、ndation defines the following terms: 3.2.1 adaptive software framework: Middleware used to enable optimal QoS performance for each adaptive IoT application by using static/dynamic information regarding applications and system resources in IoT devices. 2 Rec. ITU-T Y.4453 (09/2016) 3.2.2 adaptive IoT
33、 application: A special IoT application working in the ASF. The applications performance is changed by altering system resource allocation (e.g., the number of CPU cores, GPU utilization, network bandwidth). 4 Abbreviations and acronyms This Recommendation uses the following abbreviations and acrony
34、ms: AP Access Point API Application Programming Interface ASF Adaptive Software Framework CPU Central Processing Unit DVFS Dynamic Voltage/Frequency Scaling FE Functional Entity GPU Graphics Processing Unit ICT Information Communication Technology IoT Internet of Things IP Internet Protocol IPC Inte
35、r-Process Communication OS Operating System PID Process Identification QoS Quality of Service STB Set-Top-Box TCP Transmission Control Protocol 5 Conventions The following conventions are used in this Recommendation: The keywords “is required to“ indicate a requirement which must be strictly followe
36、d and from which no deviation is permitted, if conformance to this Recommendation is to be claimed. The keywords “is recommended“ indicate a requirement which is recommended but which is not absolutely required. Thus, this requirement need not be present to claim conformance. 6 Overview of the adapt
37、ive software framework With the rapid development of Internet of things (IoT) technologies, a large number of different IoT devices are entering the market. Usually, these IoT devices have varying hardware and software capabilities; therefore typical IoT applications need to be modified or customize
38、d to meet these diverse capabilities. It is necessary to manage and control these IoT applications to address this issue. The adaptive software framework (ASF) can manage and control adaptive IoT applications in real-time and in a dynamic way to enable optimal QoS performance. A conceptual diagram o
39、f the ASF consists of the IoT application layer, the adaptive software framework layer and the system resource layer, as shown in Figure 6-1. The ASF layer exists between the application layer and the system resource layer. The ASF performs monitoring for application and system monitoring, applicati
40、on and system management and analysis and policy decision-making. Rec. ITU-T Y.4453 (09/2016) 3 Figure 6-1 A conceptual diagram of the ASF The ASF gets more meaningful values under the current IoT service, because it enables resource-limited IoT devices to achieve high performance and compatibility
41、over typical IoT systems. The ASF allows for the development of resource-managed IoT applications without a users control. Also, the ASF provides functionalities to monitor and control application/system resources for IoT service interoperability. These functionalities make it easy to extend existin
42、g IoT systems. The ASF enables developers to achieve high-performance, low power for applications. In addition, it can not only reduce typical software development complexity, but can also resolve the emerging complexities in diverse IoT applications and devices. 7 ASF features and high-level requir
43、ements This clause describes the ASF features in accordance with the IoT reference model illustrated in Figure 7-1, as given by ITU-T Y.4000 and high-level requirements of the ASF. 4 Rec. ITU-T Y.4453 (09/2016) Figure 7-1 IoT reference model per ITU-T Y.4000 7.1 ASF features 7.1.1 Application layer
44、The application layer considers adaptive IoT applications for the ASF. Internal adaptive IoT applications: The internal adaptive IoT application is an application that contains control codes. External adaptive IoT applications: The external adaptive IoT application is an application whose performanc
45、e can be changed by the ASF. 7.1.2 Service support and application support layer The service support and application support layer considers specific capabilities regarding application monitoring capabilities and policy managing capabilities for the ASF. Application monitoring capability: Monitors a
46、daptive IoT applications in real-time by monitoring their QoS. Policy decision capability: Controls system resources such as CPU, memory and network status and decides adaptive IoT applications control by using static/dynamic information regarding applications and system resources. 7.1.3 Network lay
47、er The ASF utilizes the network-related capabilities provided by the entities in the network layer. 7.1.4 Device layer The device layer considers two kinds of devices for the ASF, small scale devices and large scale devices. Small scale devices: Terminal-node type of devices that are dependent on la
48、rge scale devices, e.g., smart glasses. Large scale devices: Gateway devices and wired/wireless access point (AP) devices used in embedded and IoT devices, e.g., a set-top-box (STB). Rec. ITU-T Y.4453 (09/2016) 5 7.1.5 Management capabilities The management capabilities contain system information ma
49、naging capability for the ASF. The system information managing capability has generic and specific management features. This collects and manages system information and application information. System information consists of static/dynamic data regarding CPU, memory and network status. Application information also consists of static/dynamic data regarding an applications user requirements and the applications QoS. The system information managing capability includes managing heterogeneous/h
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