1、ITU-T RECflN*Z.351 93 48b2591 0581527 338 W INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION ITU-T TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU MAN-MACHINE LANGUAGE 2.351 (03/93) DATA ORIENTED HUMAN-MACHINE TECHNIQUE - INTRODUCTION INTERFACE SPECIFICATION ITU-T Recommendation 2.351 (Previously “CCIlT Recomm
2、endation”) ITU-T RECMN*Z.353 93 m 4862593 0583528 i74 m FOREWORD The ITU Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) is a permanent organ of the International Telecom- munication Union. The ITU-T is responsible for studying technical, operating and tariff questions and issuing Recommendations o
3、n them with a view to standardizing telecommunications on a worldwide basis. The World Telecommunication Standardization Conference (WTSC), which meets every four years, established the topics for study by the ITU-T Study Groups which, in their turn, produce Recommendations on these topics. ITU-T Re
4、commendation 2.351 was revised by the ITU-T Study Group X (1988-1993) and was approved by the WTSC (Helsinki, March 1-12, 1993). NOTES 1 As a consequence of a reform process within the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the CCITT ceased to exist as of 28 February 1993. In its place, the IT
5、U Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T) was created as of 1 March 1993. Similarly, in this reform process, the CCIR and the IFRB have been replaced by the Radiocommunication Sector. In order not to delay publication of this Recommendation, no change has been made in the text to references
6、 containing the acronyms “CCIT, CCIR or IFRB” or their associated entities such as Plenary Assembly, Secretariat, etc. Future editions of this Recommendation will contain the proper terminology related to the new ITU structure. 2 telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency. In
7、 this Recommendation, the expression “Administration” is used for conciseness to indicate both a O ITU 1993 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission i
8、n writing from the ITU. ITU-T RECflN*Z*35L 73 4862571 0583527 LOO = CONTENTS summary . 1 Scope 2 Purpose . 3 4 Users of the Z.35O-Series Recommendations 5 Abbreviations . 6 Glossary . Organization of the 2.350-Series Recommendations . Page ii 1 1 1 1 2 2 Recommendation 2351 (03193) i SUMMARY The 2.3
9、50-Series Recommendations provide a specification technique for the human-machine interface. This interface is known as the G- interface of the Telecommunications management network functional architecture. The scope of the G-interface is defined to include the human readable specification of the co
10、mmon terminology and grammar and of each external presentation, as well as the external presentations themselves. See Recommendation 2.352. The centralization of a common terminology and grammar ensures a harmonized human-machine interface across every external presentation. The Z.350-Series Recomme
11、ndations are provided to resolve problems which are encountered when using the specification technique recommended in Recommendations 2.331 to 2.333. The main deficiency was lack of means to provide consistent and precise definitions of all the data encountered at the human-machine interface (HMI).
12、The 2.350- Series Recommendations supersedes the specification technique provided in Recommendations 2.33 1 to 2.333 and should be used for all future development of specifications. This new specification technique is expected to provide a powerful framework for the development of future HMIs. ii Re
13、commendation 2.351 (03193) ITU-T RECMN*Z*351 93 m 4862591 0581531 869 m Recommendation 2351 DATA ORIENTED HUMAN-MACHINE INTERFACE SPECIFICATION TECHNIQUE - INTRODUCTION (Helsinki, 1993) 1 Scope This Recommendation introduces the 2.350-Series Recommendations, which defines the data oriented human-mac
14、hine interface (HMI) specification technique. This specification technique supersedes the specification technique provided Recommendations 2.33 1 to 2.333 and should be used for all future development of specifications. 2 Purpose Objectives of the data oriented human-machine interface specification
15、technique are as follows: - - - - - - - to help develop unambiguous standards (for administrations and vendors); to facilitate specification of human-machine interfaces (HMIs); to expedite agreements on areas of standardization; to assist in the development of consistent HMI standards; to provide a
16、basis for specifying compliance testing; to permit the development of automated design tools; to allow effective and more concise specifications. 3 Organization of the 2.350-Series Recommendations The 2.350-Series consists of the following Recommendations: - 2.35 1 - 2.352 Data oriented human-machin
17、e inte$ace specjcation technique - introduction Data oriented human-machine inte$ace specification technique - scope, approach and usage Recommendation 2.351 introduces the specification technique, defines its purpose and users, explains the structure of the associated Recommendations and provides a
18、bbreviations and glossary. Recommendation 2.352 defines the scope and approach of the technique. These aspects are fundamental to the understanding and application of the technique. This Recommendation also introduces a three-layer reference model for HMI. These layers are known as the HMI external
19、layer, HMI application layer and HMI internal layer. The external layer is concerned with both the contents and presentation of actual HMIs. The application layer is concerned with the specification of the terminology and grammar at the HMI, the contents of a specific external presentation is derive
20、d from the application layer. The internal layer is concerned with the storage and management of data. A method and guidelines for data design are provided in Annex AE.352. 4 Users of the 2.350-Series Recommendations The ultimate beneficiary of these Recommendations will be the end users at the VDT.
21、 It was the needs of this user that provided the requirements used by the specification developers. The end user may need to understand some of the notions of the reference model and formalism. However, it is unlikely that the end user will read the exact text of this series or even know of its exis
22、tence. Recommendation 2.351 (03/93) 1 ITU-T RECMN*Z.353 93 W 48b2593 0583532 7T5 W The users of these Recommendations are - standards developers; - system specifiers; - system implementors. The system specifiers, who may belong to either vendor or purchaser organizations, should be familiar with all
23、 sections of the Recommendations, whereas readers of the specifications need not be aware of the appendices. 5 Ab brevia tions For the purpose of this Recommendation, the following abbreviations apply AS Application schema cs Contents schema EDP Electronic data processing ES External schema HMI Huma
24、n-machine interface IS Internal schema LS Layout schema OAM Operation, administration and maintenance TMN Telecommunications management network VDT Visual display terminal 6 Glossary For the purpose of this Recommendation, the following defmtions apply. application area F: domaine dapplication S: ar
25、ea de aplicacin An application area is a collection of resources which are closely related from the perspective of management. It is specified precisely by the associated application schema. application layer F: couche application S: capa de aplicacin The application layer is that layer of the HMI r
26、eference model which is concerned with the defiition of data and their behaviour. application population F: population dapplication S: poblacin de aplicacin The application population contains the instances whose consistency is enforced by the application process according to the rules expressed in
27、the corresponding application schema. application process F: processus dapplication S: proceso de aplicacin The application process implements the enforcement of the rules found in an application schema on the data instances in a corresponding population. Also, the application process communicates d
28、ata between the application layer and external and internal layers. 2 Recommendation 2.351 (03/93) application schema F: schma dapplication S: esquema de aplicacin The application schema contains the data definitions, including constraints and derivation rules for corresponding population data of th
29、e application area. An application schema prescribes the terminology and grammar for an application area. attriute F: ambut S: atributo The subordinate data to object classes which are not themselves object classes are attribute classes. Ail instantiated data of an attribute class are attributes. Su
30、bordinate data to attributes may themselves be attributes. behaviour F: comportemenf S: comportamiento Behaviour comprises constraints on data and rules for deriving new data from existing data. Functions are provided to state the constraints and derivation rules. class F: classe S: clase The data i
31、n the schema are referred to as classes relative to their instances in the population. contents schema F: schma de contenu S: esquema de contenido The contents schema specifies the structure of the selected data and their relationships for a specific presentation. Each contents schema is contained i
32、n one external schema. The contents schema can contain specifications of permissible manipulations of the data in this presentation. data F: donnes S: datos The contents of all schemata and populations are data. external layer F: couche externe S: capaexterna The external layer handles the presentat
33、ion and manipulation of data. It also handles mapping to and subsetting of the application data. The external layer can contain several external schemata of one application schema, the corresponding external populations, and external processes enforcing the appropriate external schema specifications
34、 for the instances of the actual external population. extenial population F: population externe S: poblacin extern This is the selected population data, headings, icons and other presentations at the HMI. See also external schema. Recommendation 2.351 (03/93) 3 I ITU-T RECMN*Z*35L 93 H 41b259L 05815
35、34 578 external process F: processus externe S: proceso externo The external processes implement the enforcement ofthe rules found in an external schema on the data instances in the corresponding external population. Also, the external processes take care of data in and out of this layer to the huma
36、n user and the application layer. external schema F: schma externe S: esquema externo The external schema contains the data definitions for the contents and layout of the corresponding population data at an actual human-machine interface. The data definitions can include constraints and derivation r
37、ules from the application schema. One external schema can contain data from one application schema only. human-machine interface F: interface homme-machine S: interfaz hombre-mquina The human-machine interface is defined to consist of the presentation and manipulation of the HMI population data, the
38、 HMI external schemata and the HMI application schema for an application. identifier attribute F: identificateur S: atributo identijcador Some of the attributes of an object can be defined to be identifiers. More than one identifier can exist for a given object. The values of each of these alternati
39、ve identifiers of an object, together with the values of one identifier from each recursively superior object, uniquely identifies the object within its object class. Instead of the full term identifier attribute, the term identifier can be used. I instance F: instance S: instancia Data in a schema
40、can be instantiated into becoming instances of the corresponding population. I instantiation F: instanciation S: instanciacin Instantiation derives and enforces instances according to rules in the corresponding schema by a process of copying. internal layer F: couche interne S: capa intema The inter
41、nal layer is outside the scope of HMI. The layer is supposed to take care of the internal storage, accessing, implementation and communication of data and their behaviour. layer F: couche S: capa Each layer of the layered architecture is partitioned into schemata, processes and populations. Data of
42、each layer are mapped to data of adjacent layers oniy. 4 Recommendation 2.351 (03193) I layout schema F: schma de prsentation S: esquema de disposicin, esquema de layout The layout schema specifies the way in which the data are to be presented to the human user. Each layout schema is contained in an
43、 external schema. object F: objet S: objeto An object class can either be the root of a schema or be immediately subordinate to some object class in that schema. All instantiated data of an object class are objects. If something is an object, then its superior node is an object. Subordinate data to
44、objects may themselves be objects. population F: population S: poblacin A population contains the data instances according to the rules expressed in a corresponding schema. population reference F: rfrence de population S: referencia de poblacin A reference from a certain schema node pointing out a p
45、opulation node. One schema can have several populations. process F: processus S: proceso A process implements the enforcement of the rules found in a schema on the data instances in a corresponding population. reference F: rfrence S: referencia A reference can be either one-way or two-way. reference
46、d object F: objet rfrenc S: objeto referenciado The existence of an object can be made dependent on the existence of another object. This other object is called a referenced object. schema F: schma S: esquema A schema contains the data definitions, including constraints and derivation rules for the
47、corresponding population data. schema reference F: rfrence de schma S: referencia de esquema A reference from a certain population node pointing out a schema node. One population can have several schemata, however each instance is populated from one class (of one schema) only. Hence, only single inh
48、eritance is instantiated. Recommendation 2.351 (03/93) 5 schema-population reference F: rfrence de schma-population S: referencia de esquema-poblacin Two-way reference pointing out a population and its corresponding schema. single valuedness F: valorisation simple S: univalencia, unicidad de valor S
49、ome attribute classes can be single valued. This means that each of the attributes of the attribute class can have only one value out of the subordinate alternative value classes of the attribute class. specification F: spcification S: especijcacin The schema data are collectively called specifications relative to the population data. two-way reference F: rfrence bidirectionnelle S: referencia bidireccional A two-way reference consists of two corresponding one-way references in opposite directions. If a two-way reference is defined in the sche
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