JEDEC JESD211-2009 Zener and Voltage Regulator Diode Rating Verification and Characterization Testing.pdf

1、JEDEC STANDARD Zener and Voltage Regulator Diode Rating Verification and Characterization Testing JESD211 DECEMBER 2009 JEDEC SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION NOTICE JEDEC standards and publications contain material that has been prepared, reviewed, and approved through the JEDEC Board of Director

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10、 ZENER AND VOLTAGE REGULATOR DIODE RATING VERIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTIC TESTING Contents Page Introduction ii 1 Scope 1 2 Terms and definitions 1 2.1 Basic concepts 1 2.2 Voltage regulator diode parameters 3 3 Rating Verification Tests 6 3.1 Steady state power dissipation (PD) 6 3.2 Maximum Zener

11、Current (IZM) 7 3.3 Repetitive peak reverse surge current (IZRM) 7 3.4 Nonrepetitive peak reverse surge current (IZSM) 8 4 Characteristic Tests 9 4.1 Regulator voltage (VZ) 9 4.2 Reverse leakage current (IR4.3 Zener Impedance (ZZT or ZZK) 10 4.4 Forward voltage (VF) 11 4.5 Capacitance (C4.6 Temperat

12、ure coefficient of regulator voltage (VZ) 12 4.7 Thermal impedance (ZJAorZthJA, ZJCor ZthJC, ZJLor ZthJL,ZJXor ZthJX) 13 4.8 Thermal resistance (RJAorRthJA, RJCor RthJC, RJLor RthJ, RJECor RthJEC) 19 JEDEC Standard No. 211 -ii- ZENER AND VOLTAGE REGULATOR DIODE RATING VERIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTIC

13、 TESTING Introduction The diodes described in this document are used as voltage regulator diodes and voltage references. These devices maintain a near-constant voltage by operating in the breakdown region, where large changes in current result in relatively small fluctuations in voltage. Voltage reg

14、ulator diodes are similar to Avalanche Breakdown Diode (ABD) Transient Voltage Suppressors, except that they are designed for continuous voltage regulation, rather than for short-duration overvoltage protection. They are also typically unidirectional. They may be in a single p-n junction package wit

15、h two-terminals or may also have multiple p-n junctions in a single package with two-terminals as well. Other configurations beyond two-terminals may also exist depending on package and overall configuration such as with multiple p-n junctions for diode arrays. JEDEC Standard No. 211 Page 1 ZENER AN

16、D VOLTAGE REGULATOR DIODE RATING VERIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTIC TESTING (From JEDEC Board Ballot JCB-09-46, formulated under the cognizance of the JC-22.2 Subcommittee on Rectifiers, Zeners and Signal Diodes.) 1 Scope This standard is applicable to diodes that are used as voltage regulators and vol

17、tage references. It describes terms and definitions and explains methods for verifying device ratings and measuring device characteristics. Voltage regulator diodes are sometimes used as transient voltage suppressors, but are not characterized for their clamping ability or peak pulse power rating. T

18、erms and tests related to transient voltage suppression will not be covered in this document, but are discussed in the JEDEC document JESD210 on Avalanche Breakdown Diode (ABD) Transient Voltage Suppressors. 2 Terms and definitions These may use terms similar to avalanche breakdown diodes, but have

19、variations unique to Zener and voltage-regulator diodes. 2.1 Basic concepts 2.1.1 voltage-regulator diode: A semiconductor diode with a single p-n junction (or with multiple p-n junctions, none of which interact) that is normally biased in the breakdown region of its voltage-current characteristics

20、and limits variation in voltage across its terminals over a specified current range. NOTE 1 The breakdown region may be due to either avalanche breakdown or Zener breakdown phenomenon (also often known as tunneling or field-emission breakdown). NOTE 2 When forward-biased, voltage-regulator diodes ha

21、ve voltage-current characteristics similar to rectifier diodes. NOTE 3 In general usage, voltage-regulator diodes are often referred to as Zener diodes, even if their breakdown characteristics are due to avalanche breakdown. Voltage-regulator diodes are also referred to as voltage-reference diodes w

22、hen their application is to maintain a reference voltage within a specified accuracy over a specified current and temperature range in the breakdown region of its voltage-current characteristics. NOTE 4 Figure 1 shows the symbol for a regulator or reference diode. cathode anodeenvelope optionalalter

23、native symbolFigure 1 Zener diode symbol JEDEC Standard No. 211 Page 2 2.1 Basic concepts (contd) 2.1.1 voltage-regulator diode (contd) NOTE 5 Figure 2 shows a typical voltage-current characteristic, which illustrates that Zener diodes operate in the third quadrant with a negative voltage applied to

24、 the anode with respect to the cathode. Figure 2 Zener diode I-V characteristic 2.1.2 Zener diode: A semiconductor diode with a single p-n junction whose breakdown characteristics are due to the Zener effect. NOTE Although true Zener breakdown occurs below approximately 6 volts, the term “Zener diod

25、e” is often used interchangeably with “voltage-regulator diode” and “voltage-reference diode” even for voltages over 6 volts, where breakdown characteristics are due to avalanche breakdown. 2.1.3 temperature-compensated voltage-reference diode: A voltage-regulator diode that is designed to have mini

26、mal changes in the regulated voltage over a broad temperature range. NOTE A temperature-compensated voltage-reference diode is often provided with one or more forward-biased p-n junctions placed in series with a Zener p-n junction to offset or compensate the positive temperature coefficient of the Z

27、ener. This series combination may also involve more than one Zener p-n junction within the temperature-compensated voltage-reference diode, particularly for higher voltages. 2.1.4 nonconducting region: The portion of the voltage-current characteristic of a reverse-biased p-n junction that exhibits a

28、 high resistance to the passage of current. 2.1.5 breakdown region: The portion of the voltage-current characteristic beyond the initiation of breakdown where the current increases rapidly for any additional increase in reverse voltage. NOTE In this region the voltage remains essentially constant fo

29、r increases in reverse current, up to a specified current and power dissipation rating. 2.1.6 forward-conducting region: The portion of the voltage-current characteristic of a forward-biased p-n junction that exhibits a low small-signal resistance to the passage of current. Breakdown knee (0, 0)IAVA

30、K IRIZVRV ZV ZIZIZ, IZTIFVFJEDEC Standard No. 211 Page 3 2.1 Basic concepts (contd) 2.1.7 anode terminal (A, a): The terminal connected to the p-type region of the p-n junction or, when two or more p-n junctions are connected in series and have the same polarity, to the extreme p-type region. NOTE F

31、or voltage-reference diodes, any temperature-compensation diodes that may be included shall be ignored in the determination of the anode terminal. 2.1.8 cathode terminal (K, k): The terminal connected to the n-type region of the p-n junction or, when two or more p-n junctions are connected in series

32、 and have the same polarity, to the extreme n-type region. NOTE For voltage-reference diodes, any temperature-compensation diodes that may be included shall be ignored in the determination of the anode terminal. 2.2 Voltage-regulator voltage-reference Zener diode parameters In the parameter names an

33、d definitions below, the word “reference” may be substituted for the word “regulator” consistent with the diode-type name chosen by the manufacturer. “Zener” is often used for parameters with all three diode-type names. 2.2.1 maximum steady-state power dissipation (PD): The maximum-rated value of co

34、ntinuous dc power dissipation. NOTE The maximum steady-state power dissipation is calculated by multiplying the rated maximum regulator Zener current by the maximum regulator Zener voltage. 2.2.2 regulator Zener current, dc (IZ): The dc reverse current through the diode when it is biased to operate

35、in its breakdown region at an operating point between IZK and IZM. 2.2.3 regulator Zener current near breakdown knee, dc (IZK): The dc reverse current through the diode when it is biased to operate in its breakdown region at a specified current near the breakdown knee. 2.2.4 maximum regulator Zener

36、current (IZM): The dc reverse current through the diode when it is biased to operate in its breakdown region at a specified current based on the maximum-rated power. 2.2.5 regulator Zener current at specified test point, dc (IZT): The dc reverse current through the diode when it is biased to operate

37、 in its breakdown region at a specified current between IZKand IZMfor the purpose of specifying VZand ZZT. 2.2.6 regulator Zener current near breakdown knee, rms component (Izk): A specified rms current for measuring regulator impedance. NOTE According to JEDEC registration formats, this current sho

38、uld not exceed 10% of the simultaneously applied dc current IZK. JEDEC Standard No. 211 Page 4 2.2 Voltage-regulator voltage-reference Zener diode parameters (contd) 2.2.7 regulator Zener current at specified test point, rms component (Izt): A specified rms current for measuring regulator impedance.

39、 NOTE According to JEDEC registration formats, this current should not exceed 10% of the simultaneously applied dc current IZT. 2.2.8 repetitive peak reverse surge current (IZRM): The peak reverse current in the breakdown region including all repetitive transient currents but excluding all nonrepeti

40、tive transient currents. 2.2.9 nonrepetitive peak reverse surge current (IZSM): The peak reverse current in the breakdown region including all nonrepetitive transient currents but excluding all repetitive transient currents. 2.2.10 regulator Zener voltage (VZ): The voltage across the diode at a spec

41、ified current IZTin the breakdown region. 2.2.11 maximum regulator Zener voltage (VZM): The voltage across the diode at a specified current IZMin the breakdown region. 2.2.12 reverse current (IR): The current that flows from the external circuit into the cathode terminal at a specified reverse volta

42、ge (VR) below the onset of breakdown. 2.2.13 reverse voltage (VR): The positive cathode-anode voltage that is specified as a test condition for reverse current (IR). 2.2.14 regulator Zener impedance (zzt): The small-signal impedance of a diode when it is biased to operate in its breakdown region at

43、IZTwith a superimposed rms current of Izt. 2.2.15 regulator Zener knee impedance (zzk): The small-signal impedance of a diode when it is biased to operate in its breakdown region at IZKwith a superimposed rms current of Izk. 2.2.16 forward voltage (VF): The positive anode-cathode voltage at a specif

44、ied forward current, IF. 2.2.17 capacitance (C or CJ): The capacitance between the two terminals of a diode at a specified voltage. 2.2.18 maximum operating junction temperature (TJM): The maximum-rated junction temperature at which the diode may operate. 2.2.19 temperature coefficient of regulator

45、Zener voltage (VZ): The change in regulator voltage divided by the change in temperature that caused it. NOTE This quotient may be expressed as mV/C, mV/K, %/C, or %/K and is the average value for the total temperature change. JEDEC Standard No. 211 Page 5 2.2 Voltage-regulator voltage-reference Zen

46、er diode parameters (contd) 2.2.20 thermal impedance (ZJAor ZthJA, ZJCor ZthJC, ZJLor ZthJL, ZJXor ZthJX): The change in temperature difference between two specified points or regions that occurs during a time interval divided by the step-function change in power dissipation that occurred at the beg

47、inning of the interval and caused the change in temperature difference. 2.2.21 thermal resistance (RJAor RthJA, RJCor RthJC, RJLor RthJL, RJECor RthJEC): The temperature difference between two specified points or regions divided by the power dissipation under conditions of thermal equilibrium. 2.2.2

48、2 steady-state power dissipation derating curve: A graphical presentation showing how a power rating stated at a particular temperature is reduced at higher temperatures. NOTE The steady-state power-derating curve is derived from PD= (TJM TX)/ RJX, where the subscript “X” can indicate L (for lead),

49、C (for case), EC (for end cap), or A (for ambient). The usual power-derating curve is drawn with a slope of 1/RJXfrom 0% at TX= TJMup to 100% at a value of temperature equal to or above 25 oC, but below TJM. A typical derating curve for a regulator diode is shown in Figure 3. TEMPERATURE (C)POWER DISSIPATION(%)020406080100TJMFigure 3 Typical steady-state power derating curve JEDEC Standard No. 211 Page 6 3 Rating verification tests All tests are to be at 25 C unless otherwise specified 3.1 Steady-state power d