JEDEC JESD77D-2012 Terms Definitions and Letter Symbols for Discrete Semiconductor and Optoelectronic Devices.pdf

1、JEDEC STANDARD Terms, Definitions, and Letter Symbols for Discrete Semiconductor and Optoelectronic Devices JESD77D (Revision of JESD77C.01, December 2009) AUGUST 2012 JEDEC SOLID STATE TECHNOLOGY ASSOCIATION NOTICE JEDEC standards and publications contain material that has been prepared, reviewed,

2、and approved through the JEDEC Board of Directors level and subsequently reviewed and approved by the JEDEC legal counsel. JEDEC standards and publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeab

3、ility and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for use by those other than JEDEC members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally. JEDEC standards and publications are adopted without r

4、egard to whether or not their adoption may involve patents or articles, materials, or processes. By such action JEDEC does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the JEDEC standards or publications. The information included in JED

5、EC standards and publications represents a sound approach to product specification and application, principally from the solid state device manufacturer viewpoint. Within the JEDEC organization there are procedures whereby a JEDEC standard or publication may be further processed and ultimately becom

6、e an ANSI standard. No claims to be in conformance with this standard may be made unless all requirements stated in the standard are met. Inquiries, comments, and suggestions relative to the content of this JEDEC standard or publication should be addressed to JEDEC at the address below, or refer to

7、www.jedec.org under Standards and Documents for alternative contact information. Published by JEDEC Solid State Technology Association 2012 3103 North 10th Street Suite 240 South Arlington, VA 22201-2107 This document may be downloaded free of charge; however JEDEC retains the copyright on this mate

8、rial. By downloading this file the individual agrees not to charge for or resell the resulting material. PRICE: Contact JEDEC Printed in the U.S.A. All rights reserved PLEASE! DONT VIOLATE THE LAW! This document is copyrighted by JEDEC and may not be reproduced without permission. For information, c

9、ontact: JEDEC Solid State Technology Association 3103 North 10th Street Suite 240 South Arlington, VA 22201-2107 or refer to www.jedec.org under Standards-Documents/Copyright Information. JEDEC Standard No. 77D -i- TERMS, DEFINITIONS, AND LETTER SYMBOLS FOR DISCRETE SEMICONDUCTOR AND OPTOELECTRONIC

10、DEVICES CONTENTS Page Foreword iv SECTION 1 LETTER SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS 1.1 Definitions of letter symbols and abbreviations 1-1 1.2 Criteria and conventions for letter symbols and abbreviations 1-1 1.2.1 Primary (quantity) symbols 1-1 1.2.2 Secondary (quantity) symbols 1-3 1.2.3 Primary and sec

11、ondary symbol combined 1-3 1.2.4 Descriptive information 1-3 1.2.5 Subscript sequence 1-7 1.2.6 Supply voltage 1-7 1.2.7 Multiple-unit devices 1-7 1.2.8 Multiple electrodes of the same type 1-7 1.2.9 Multiple-unit devices with multiple electrodes of the same type 1-7 1.2.10 Multiple subscripts 1-7 1

12、.2.11 Unit symbols 1-8 1.2.12 Abbreviations 1-9 1.2.13 Typefaces 1-9 SECTION 2 GENERAL 2.1 General terms and definitions 2-1 2.2 General letter symbols, terms, and definitions 2-10 SECTION 3 DIODES AND RECTIFIERS 3.1 Signal diodes and rectifier diodes 3-1 3.1.1 General terms and definitions 3-1 3.1.

13、2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 3-3 3.2 Microwave diodes 3-11 3.2.1 General terms and definitions 3-11 3.2.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 3-13 3.3 Tunnel diodes and backward diodes 3-14 3.3.1 General terms and definitions 3-14 3.3.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 3-15 3.4

14、Voltage-regulator and voltage-reference diodes 3-16 3.4.1 General terms and definitions 3-16 3.4.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 3-18 3.5 Current-regulator diodes 3-19 3.5.1 General terms and definitions 3-19 3.5.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 3-20 3.6 Varactor diodes (voltage-var

15、iable-capacitance diodes) 3-21 3.6.1 General terms and definitions 3-21 3.6.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 3-22 SECTION 4 TRANSISTORS 4.1 Junction transistors, multijunction types 4-1 4.1.1 General terms and definitions 4-1 4.1.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 4-4 4.2 Unijunction t

16、ransistors 4-23 4.2.1 General terms and definitions 4-23 JEDEC Standard No. 77D -ii- CONTENTS (contd) Page 4.2.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 4-24 4.3 Field-effect transistors 4-26 4.3.1 General terms and definitions 4-26 4.3.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 4-29 4.4 Insulated-gate

17、 bipolar transistors 4-41 4.4.1 General terms and definitions 4-41 4.4.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 4-43 SECTION 5 OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICES 5.1 Optoelectronic devices, general 5-1 5.1.1 General terms and definitions 5-1 5.1.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 5-1 5.2 Photosensitive de

18、vices 5-3 5.2.1 General terms and definitions 5-3 5.2.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 5-5 5.3 Photoemitters 5-9 5.3.1 General terms and definitions 5-9 5.3.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 5-10 5.4 Optocouplers (photocouplers, optoisolators) 5-14 5.4.1 General terms and definitions

19、5-14 5.4.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 5-15 SECTION 6 THYRISTORS AND PROGRAMMABLE UNIJUNCTION TRANSISTORS 6.1 Thyristors 6-1 6.1.1 General terms and definitions 6-1 6.1.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions (not applicable to thyristor surge suppressors) 6-14 6.2 Programmable unijuncti

20、on transistors 6-36 6.2.1 General terms and definitions 6-36 6.2.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions (not applicable to thyristor surge suppressors) 6-37 SECTION 7 TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SUPPRESSORS; SURGE PROTECTIVE DEVICES 7.1 Avalanche breakdown diode (ABD) transient voltage suppressors 7-1 7.1.1

21、 General terms and definitions 7-1 7.1.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 7-7 7.2 Thyristor surge protective devices 7-9 7.2.1 General terms and definitions 7-9 7.2.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 7-11 7.3 Varistors; varistor surge protective devices 7-12 7.3.1 General terms and defin

22、itions 7-12 7.3.2 Letter symbols, terms, and definitions 7-13 FIGURES 1-1 Proper use of symbols 1-5 2-1 Pulse time symbology 2-12 3-1 Symbols for rectifier diode current, voltage, power dissipation, and the resulting junction temperature 3-4 3-2 Current waveforms during rectifier diode reverse recov

23、ery 3-9 3-3 Current-voltage characteristics 3-16 3-4 Symbols for currents and voltages 3-19 3-5 Current-regulator characteristic 3-20 JEDEC Standard No. 77D -iii- CONTENTS (contd) Page 4-1 Proper use of symbols 4-9 4-2 Waveforms for resistive-load switching 4-16 4-3 Waveforms for inductive-load swit

24、ching, turn-off 4-17 4-4 Current-voltage characteristic 4-25 4-5 Graphic symbols for field-effect transistors 4-27 4-6 Waveforms for resistive-load switching 4-36 4-7 Waveforms for inductive-load switching, turn-off 4-37 6-1 Bidirectional diode thyristor 6-2 6-2 Bidirectional triode thyristor (triac

25、) 6-3 6-3 Reverse-blocking thyristor 6-4 6-4 Reverse-conducting thyristor 6-5 6-5 Gate characteristics and prospective trigger areas 6-9 6-6 Straight-line approximation of characteristics 6-10 6-7 Peak values of on-state currents 6-19 6-8 Partial power losses at relatively low frequencies 6-22 6-9 R

26、ecovered charge Qr6-24 6-10 Off-state recovery time 6-26 6-11 Gate-controlled turn-on times 6-27 6-12 Gate-controlled turn-off times 6-28 6-13 Circuit-commutated turn-off time 6-30 6-14 Reverse recovery time 6-31 6-15 Peak reverse and peak off-state voltage of a thyristor 6-32 6-16 Static current-vo

27、ltage characteristics when biased with appropriate resistive voltage divider 6-38 7-1 Bidirectional ABD voltage-current characteristics and symbols 7-2 7-2 Bidirectional low-capacitance ABD 7-3 7-3 Standard impulse waveshapes 7-4 7-4 Unidirectional ABD voltage-current characteristic and symbols 7-5

28、7-5 Unidirectional-blocking low-capacitance ABD 7-6 7-6 Unidirectional-conducting low-capacitance ABD 7-6 TABLES 1-1 Primary symbols 1-2 1-2 Secondary symbols 1-4 1-3 Symbol capitalization for current, voltage, and power 1-5 1-4 Symbol capitalization for capacitance and four-pole matrix parameters 1

29、-6 3-1 Symbols for current 3-5 3-2 Symbols for Power and temperature 3-7 3-3 Symbols for Voltage 3-11 5-1 Conversion factors for optoelectronics 5-2 5-2 Symbols, defining equations, and standard units associated with photosensitive devices 5-8 5-3 Symbols, defining equations, and standard units for

30、fundamental photometric quantities 5-12 5-4 Symbols, defining equations, and standard units for fundamental radiometric quantities 5-13 6-1 Symbols for Current 6-21 6-2 Symbols for Power 6-23 6-3 Symbols for Voltage 6-35 Annex A A-1 Index Index-1 JEDEC Standard No. 77D -iv- Foreword The purpose of t

31、his standard is to promote the uniform use of symbols, abbreviations, terms, and definitions throughout the semiconductor industry. Originally developed to assist the writers and users of specifications and to facilitate the use of JEDEC registration formats, the material has received widespread ind

32、ustry acceptance. Where applicable, reference is made to standardization documents of the following organizations: American National Standards Institute, Inc. (ANSI) Electronic Industries Association (EIA) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) International Electrotechnical Commis

33、sion (IEC) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and to Military Specification MIL-S-19500. The material contained in this standard was formulated under the cognizance of JEDEC Committee JC-10 on Terms and Definitions and approved by the JEDEC Board of Directors. JEDEC Standard No. 7

34、7D incorporates all previously issued supplements and new material. In order that a correct and up-to-date document be maintained, it is the responsibility of the user to collate subsequent supplements. To assist the user, the table of contents of each succeeding supplement will cover all sections.

35、It should be used as the basic reference when looking up each term, definition, or symbol. The text of this standard is based on JESD77C, which it replaces, and JEDEC Board of Directors ballot JCB-11-56. JEDEC Standard No. 77D Page 1-1 SECTION 1 LETTER SYMBOLS AND ABREVIATIONS 1.1 Definitions of let

36、ter symbols and abbreviations abbreviation: A shortened form of a word or expression. letter symbol (for a quantity or a unit): One or more letters written successively and without spacing, in a specified style and often provided with additional marks, by convention representing a quantity or a unit

37、. (Ref. ANSI Y10.1 and IEC 27-1.) NOTE In a few special cases, nonalphanumerical signs are considered as letters in this connection, e.g., the sign (degree), which is used as a letter symbol for a unit of angle and in the letter symbol C for a unit of temperature. quantity symbol: A letter symbol th

38、at is used to represent a physical quantity or a relationship between quantities. unit symbol: A letter symbol that is used in place of the name of a unit. 1.2 Criteria and conventions for letter symbols and abbreviations 1.2.1 Primary (quantity) symbols The letter symbol used to designate a quantit

39、y or parameter shall be a single letter. This single letter, referred to as the primary symbol, may be modified by subscripts or superscripts. See “secondary (quantity) symbols”. Table 1-1 illustrates primary symbols and unit symbols. Tables 1-3 and 1-4 illustrate principles of application when comb

40、ined with secondary symbols. NOTE The terms “primary” and “secondary” are used as synonyms for “kernel” and “additional marks”, respectively, as defined in ANSI Y10.1 and IEC 21-1 and used in the definition of “letter symbol” in 1.1; they are not to be confused with the terms “chief” and “reserve”.

41、JEDEC Standard No. 77D Page 1-2 1.1 Definitions of letter symbols and abbreviations (contd) 1.2.1 Primary (quantity) symbols (contd) Table 1-1 Primary symbols Primary symbol Term Unit of measurement Unit symbol1)b C E f G g h I, i L P, p Q, q R, r T t V, v Y, y Z, z susceptance capacitance energy fr

42、equency gain (power) conductance maxtrix parameter current inductance power electric charge resistance temperature time voltage admittance impedance siemens or mho farad joule hertz decibel2)siemens or mho ampere henry watt coulomb ohm kelvin or degree Celsius second volt siemens or mho ohm S or mho

43、 F J Hz dB2)S or mho A H W C K or oC s V S or mho International System (SI) unit 1) The unit symbols are often used with the SI (metric) system multiplier prefixes, for example, A for microampere. 2) Alternatively, power gain may be expressed as a dimensionless ratio. JEDEC Standard No. 77D Page 1-3

44、 1.2 Criteria and conventions for letter symbols and abbreviations (contd) 1.2.2 Secondary (quantity) symbols A subscript or superscript, referred to as a secondary symbol, may be used to modify the primary symbol. The secondary symbol is used to designate special values of state, points, parts, tim

45、es, etc. An abbreviation may be used as a subscript (secondary symbol). Symbol subscripts shall be written on one line only. If there is more than one secondary symbol modifying the primary symbol, all such symbols shall be placed on the same (subscripted) line. Terminal and value abbreviations shal

46、l be as shown in table 1-2. For currents and voltages, the first subscript designates the terminal at which the current is measured, or the terminal where the potential is measured with respect to the reference terminal, which is sometimes designated by the second subscript. Conventional current int

47、o the terminal is positive. NOTE The term “primary” and “secondary” are used as synonyms for “kernel” and “additional marks”, respectively, as defined in ANSI Y10.1 and IEC 21-1 and used in the definition of “letter symbol” in 1.1; they are not to be confused with the terms “chief” and “reserve”. 1.

48、2.3 Primary and secondary symbols combined A letter symbol containing both primary and secondary letters has a unique meaning. This meaning cannot necessarily be inferred from the meanings of the individual primary and secondary symbols forming the combination. Tables 1-3 and 1-4 show the significan

49、ce of uppercase and lowercase letters. Figure 1-1 illustrates the meaning of the various combinations using, as an example, output voltage with a dc and an ac component. 1.2.4 Descriptive information Descriptive information concerning a letter symbol may be added in parentheses after the secondary symbol. It is recommended that subscripts attached to subscripts and all secondary symbols with parenthetical expressions be in line. The abbreviations “max” and “min” are excluded from this rule. When these designate limit values, they are not considered