KS A ISO 18589-1-2012 Measurement of radioactivity in the environment－Soil－Part 1：General guidelines and definitions《环境辐射的测量 土壤 第1部分 一般指南和定义》.pdf

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2、 A ISO 18589 1:2012 i ii . iii 1 1 2 1 3 .2 3.1 2 3.2 .2 3.3 .2 4 5 5 5 5.1 5 5.2 5 6 .6 7 7 7.1 8 7.2 9 7.3 9 7.4 11 7.5 .11 12 KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 ii . . , , . , , . KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 iii 2005 1 ISO 18589 1, Measurement of radioactivity in the environmentSoil Part 1： General guidelines and d

3、efinitions , . KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 1： Measurement of radioactivity in the environment Soil Part 1： General guidelines and definitions 1 , . . , , , , . . ( , , ) . , , , KS A ISO 18589 . . , , , . . . . . . , . 2 . . ( ) . KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 2 KS I ISO 11074 1, 1： KS I ISO 11074 2, 2： KS I ISO

4、10381 1, 1： KS I ISO 10381 2, 2： KS I ISO 10381 3, 3： KS I ISO 11464, KS Q ISO/IEC 17025, GUM:1995, Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement, first edition BIPM/IEC/IFCC/ ISO/IUPAC/IUPAP/OIML 3 KS I ISO 11074 . 3.1 3.1.1 (routine surveillance) 3.1.2 (analysis for characterization) , , .

5、 3.1.3 (vertical distribution of the radioactivity) , . 3.2 3.2.1 (soil) , , , , , . 3.2.2 (herbaceous cover) , 3.2.3 (soil horizon) , ( , , ) , , . 3.3 KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 3 KS I ISO 11074 KS I ISO 10381 . 3.3.1 (sample) , . 3.3.2 (sampling) 1 , . 2 . , . 3.3.3 (sampling strategy) , ( ) . 3.3.4 (

6、sampling area) . 3.3.5 (sampling plan) , , , , . 3.3.6 (random sampling) . 3.3.7 (systematic sampling) . 3.3.8 (random systematic sampling) , . 3.3.9 (sampling unit) , , . KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 4 3.3.10 (sampling pattern) . ( ) . 3.3.11 (increment) . 3.3.12 (sub-sample) 3.3.13 (single sample) , . 3.

7、3.14 (composite sample) , 3.3.15 (sorted sample) ( ) 2 cm , 3.3.16 (laboratory sample) 1 , , . . . 2 . 3.3.17 (test sample) KS A ISO 18589 2 , . 3.3.18 (test portion) KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 5 4 1 A Bq AmBq/kg AsBq/m2 , ( ) A() Bq 239Pu, 241Am - , A() Bq 36Cl, 40K, 90Sr90Y - , 5 5.1 , . 40(40K), 238(2

8、38U) 232(232Th) . . 2 . 2 Bq/kg 40K 238U 232Th / ( ) 370 100700 35 4140 35 4130 ( ) 650 540750 ( ) 440 91 800 33 2690 41 1360 ( ) 360 310420 46 2078 30 2960 ( ) 600 350850 16 330 25 946 ( ) 350 40800 37 8120 26 360 ( ) 520 1001 400 19 067 30 279 ( ) 360 121 570 25 1240 21 1190 5.2 . , , , , (KS A IS

9、O 18589 1:2012 6 ), / , 10 1 1 . , . 6 / ( ) . , , . , . a) , . , 6. b) . . , . . b) . ( , , , , , ), , . . . . , / / , 4. c) . . d) . . , . e) / , , , . KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 7 ( 5 13 ). / . / . , 14. . 7 . a) . b) , ( 1). c) , (KS Q ISO/IEC 17025 ). KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 8 1 , 7.1 , . , . 15, 16.

10、. , . . “n” “n” 2 cm . ( , , ) ( ) / Pu, Am, Cm 90Sr , , , KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 9 a) b) ( , .) c) d) , (DQOs) , . , 17. 3.3.5 , . ( ) , , , , KS A ISO 18589 2 . 7.2 . ( ) . , . , . , . , , . 7.3 7.3.1 , . , . KS A ISO 18589 2 , ( , , , ) (KS I ISO 11464 ). 1 , (ashing), , (mineralization) . KS A IS

11、O 18589 1:2012 10 7.3.2 7.3.2.1 . / , . . 20 keV 2 000 keV . Bq/kgorder . . , / . KS A ISO 18589 3 . ( , , ) . , . , . KS A ISO 18589 4 . , . KS A ISO 18589 5 90 . (10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl, 40Ca, 53Mn, 60Fe, 59Ni, 129I, 135Cs ) Am, U, Pu , . . ICP MS, AMS, RIMS . . KS A ISO 18589 3, KS A ISO 18589 4,

12、KS A ISO 18589 5 . . 7.3.2.2 / / , (KS A ISO 18589 6) . Bq/kg , 1 000 Bq/kg . 40 / / . KS A ISO 18589 1:2012 11 . , , . 7.4 KS Q ISO/IEC 17025 . , , , , . KS A ISO 18589 , . , . , . , . GUM:1995 , . , , / , . KS A ISO 11929 7 . . , .18. , “ ” . , . . 0 . “ ” . KS A ISO 11929 7 , . 7.5 , , (KS Q ISO/IEC 17025) . , . , .