1、 KSKSKSKS KSKSKSK KSKSKS KSKSK KSKS KSK KS KS I ISO 14239 KS I ISO 14239 :2009 2009 12 18 http:/www.kats.go.krKS I ISO 14239:2009 : ( ) ( ) ( ) : (ISO/TC190) () ( ) ( ) : (http:/www.standard.go.kr) : :1999 12 28 :2009 12 18 2009-0830 : :(ISO/TC190) ( 02-509-7266) (http:/www.kats.go.kr). 10 5 , . KS
2、I ISO 14239:2009 Soil qualityLaboratory incubation systems for measuring the mineralization of organic chemicals in soil under aerobic conditions 1997 1 ISO 14239, Soil qualityLaboratory incubation systems for measuring the mineralization of organic chemicals in soil under aerobic conditions , . 1 3
3、 . 3 , . . 2 . . ( ) . KS I ISO 103816, 6: , KS I ISO 11266, KS I ISO 11274, ( ) 3 3.1 . 3.1.1 KS I ISO 14239:2009 2 KS I ISO 103816 . KS I ISO 11266 5.1.1 . 3.1.2 KS I ISO 11266 5.2 . 3.1.3 . : (202) : KS I ISO 11274 0.03 MPa 0.01 MPa(5 % ) A (5 % ) WHC 40 % 60 % : () . . (202) . ( ). 3.2 3 , (flow
4、-through) (3.3), (3.4), (3.5) . . . 3 14 C- , . . . . . a) : . . CO 2 (), 14 CO 2 ( ) / 14 C- ( ) . : 14 C- , . b) KS I ISO 14239:2009 3 : . . . , , . . . : 14 CO 2 . . c) : : . , . . CO 2 (), 14 CO 2 ( ) / 14 C- ( ) . : (chamber) . . 3.3 (flow-through) 3.3.1 14 C- / . CO 2 . CO 2 . 3.3.2 . 3.3.2.1
5、CO 2 ( , ), 14 C- CO 2 CO 2 . 3.3.2.2 , . 3.3.2.3 , 16 kg/m 3 . 3.3.2.4 , c (H 2 SO 4 )0.5 mol/L, . 3.3.2.5 , c(KOH) (NaOH)0.1 0.5 mol/L, CO 2 14 CO 2 1) . . 3.3.2.6 , 14 CO 2 2) . 1) Carbosorb(Canberra Packard) Oxisolve(Zinsser) . KS . 2) Hionic fluor Optifluor(Canberra Packard) . KS . KS I ISO 142
6、39:2009 4 3.3.3 3.3.3.1 3.3.3.2 ( ) 3.3.3.3 (2 ) 3.3.3.4 ( 2.8 m 3 /h ) 3.3.3.5 3.3.3.6 3.3.3.7 , I , ( 50 g ) 5 cm, 5 cm 50 g 9.5 cm, 5 cm 300 g 3.3.3.8 (250 mL), II 3.3.3.9 (100 mL), 3.3.3.10 (200 mL 500 mL) , 3.3.4 I II . I II . 3.3.4.1 I (3.3.3.3) . ( 1 ). (3.3.3.7) ( 1 6 ). . CO 2 (3.3.2.1) (3.
7、3.3.4) . 3.3.4.2 II (3.3.3.3) ( )(3.3.3.8) . CO 2 . 3.3.4.3 ( 1 mLH 2 SO 4 /LH 2 O) 2 (3.3.3.10) CO 2 . (3.3.3.6) . KS I ISO 14239:2009 5 0.1 L/min . (3.3.3.5) . , , CO 2 . (PTFE) . 14 C- . . (3.3.2.2 3.3.2.3) 1 (3.3.3.9) (3.3.2.4) 1 (3.3.3.9) CO 2 (3.3.2.5) 1 . CO 2 2 CO 2 . 1 3.4 3.4.1 KS I ISO 14
8、239:2009 6 14 C- / . 14 C- ( 2 ). 14 C- 14 CO 2 . CO 2 . , , . 3.4.2 . 3.4.2.1 , 1.5 mm 3 mm . 3.4.2.2 3.4.2.3 (2 % V/V), 3.4.2.4 (HCI), ( 18 % V/V) 3.4.2.5 , 1 mol/L NaOH( 3 ) CO 2 3) ( 4 ) 3.4.2.6 , () NaOH . 3.4.3 3.4.3.1 3.4.3.2 3.4.3.3 (2 ) 3.4.3.4 3.4.3.5 3.4.3.6 , , CO 2 . 3.4.3.7 ( 300 mL),
9、( TS 24 TS 29) 3.4.3.8 (), ( TS 24 TS 29) , 13 cm, 1.5 cm 2 cm( 2) 3.4.3.9 , 14 CO 2 ( 3 4) (3.4.2.6) (3.4.2.5) . 3) Permafluor Carbosorb(Canberra Packard) 5 :4 V/V . , KS . KS I ISO 14239:2009 7 3.4.4 3.4.4.1 14 C- 14 CO 2 (3.4.3.8) ( 14 C- ) 8 g 10 g( 14 CO 2 ) ( 2). - (3.4.2.3) . 14 CO 2 CO 2 2 .
10、 3.4.4.2 14 C- 14 C- (3.4.3.7) (3.4.4.1) . 14 CO 2 . CO 2 20 % CO 2 . 14 CO 2 . (3.4.3.3) . 3.4.4.3 14 CO 2 . 14 CO 2 3 4 . 14 CO 2 CO 2 (3.4.3.4) ( 2 L/h 5 L/h) (3.4.2.4) 50 mL . 60 70 . 14 CO 2 CO 2 20 . (3.4.2.6) (3.4.3.1) ( 3) ( 4) . 14 CO 2 NaOH 14 CO 2 14 C . pH 1 NaOH 14 CO 2 . . KS I ISO 142
11、39:2009 8 2 29/32 29/32 CO 2 14 CO 2 14 C 14 C KS I ISO 14239:2009 9 3 14 CO 2 14 CO 2 1M NaOH HCL N 2 - 1 HCl(18 % V/V) 1N NaOH (60)KS I ISO 14239:2009 10 4 14 CO 2 14 CO 2 CO 2 3.5 3.5.1 14 C- ( 5 ) . CO 2 14 CO 2 . CO 2 18 % 100 mL CO 2 10 g (250 mL) KS I ISO 14239:2009 11 . 14 CO 2 . 3.5.2 3.5.2
12、.1 , c (KOH) (NaOH)1 mol/L 3.5.2.2 CO 2 4) , 3.5.2.3 , 5) 14 CO 2 : 14 C- 3.5.3 . 3.5.3.1 250 mL , 50 mL ( 5) 3.5.3.2 25 mL ( Luer-lock) 3.5.3.3 (15 , 15 cm) 3.5.3.4 3.5.3.5 (2 ) , 14 C- . 3.5.3.6 3.5.3.7 3.5.4 , (3.5.3.1) . CO 2 ( 5 ). CO 2 (3.5.2.2) . (3.5.2.1) 10 mL . 3.3 . CO 2 14 CO 2 . ( 5) CO
13、 2 . . CO 2 CO 2 . . CO 24) Ascarite(Aldrich Chemical Co.Ltd) . , KS . 5) Hionic fluor Optifluor(Canberra Packard) . , KS . KS I ISO 14239:2009 12 . 14 CO 2 14 CO 2 14 CO 2 pH 1 . . 5 4 4.1 CO 2 . CO 2 ( ). CO 2 CO 2 . , 1 CO 2 CO 2100(%) CO 2 ( 14 C- ) KS I ISO 14239:2009 13 (SP) (%) . SP 3 (%) (SP
14、 1 CO 2 )(SP 2 CO 2 )(SP 3 CO 2 ), (%) . 4.2 14 C- 14 CO 2 . 14 C . , 1 14 CO 2 14 C 100(%) (SP) (%) . SP 3 (%) (SP 1 CO 2 )(SP 2 CO 2 )(SP 3 CO 2 ), (%) . 5 KS I ISO 11266 9.() . KS I ISO 14239:2009 14 A () A.1 (water-holding capacity) . A.2 . 105 . A.3 A.3.1 , 50 mm 150 mm , 50 mm 100 mm . A.3.2 (
15、) A.3.3 , 20 mm 50 mm . A.3.4 , (1052) . A.3.5 , 0.01 g . A.4 (A.3.1) . . . 2 (A.3.3) 2 24 . 105 . A.5 WHC . (%) 100 D D T S WHC WHC :(%) S : (g) KS I ISO 14239:2009 15 T : ( )(g) D : (g) A.6 (WHC) . KS I ISO 14239:2009 16 B () 1 Herrchen, M., Krdel, W., Klein W., and Huber, R.(1988). Bioincubation
16、system-a new compact and flexible system for biodegradation studies, Proceedings 1988 Brighton Crop Protection Conference Pests and Diseases, 669674 2 Anderson, J.P.E.(1982). Soil Respiration, in Methods of Soil AnalysisPart 2:Chemical and Microbiological Properties, American Soc. of Agronomy:Soil Science Soc. of America, Agronomy Monograph no. 9(2nd Edition), Madison, WI 53711, USA(1982), Editor A.L. Page, 831871 3 Bartha, R. and Pramer, D.(1965). Features of a flask method for measuring persistence and biological effects of pesticides in soil, Soil Science, 100:6870 153787 1 92
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