1、NACE Standard RP0304-2004 Item No. 21103 Stan da rd Recommended Practice Design, Installation, and Operation of Thermoplastic Liners for Oilfield Pipelines This NACE International (NACE) standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provi
2、sions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE standard is to be construed as grant
3、ing any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufacture, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of Letters Patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and sho
4、uld in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE assumes no responsibility fo
5、r the interpretation or use of this standard by other parties and accepts responsibility for only those official NACE interpretations issued by NACE in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. Users of this NACE st
6、andard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE standard may not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental haz
7、ards associated with the use of materials, equipment, and/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory auth
8、orities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any existing applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time without prior notice. NACE requires that action be taken t
9、o reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE standards may receive current information on all standards and other NACE publications by contacting the NACE Membership
10、 Services Department, 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, Texas 77084-4906 (telephone +I 281/228- 6200). Approved 2004-06-24 NACE International 1440 South Creek Dr. Houston, Texas 77084-4906 +I (281)228-6200 ISBN 1-57590-1 82-X O 2004, NACE International RP0304-2004 Foreword Thermoplastic liners for pipe
11、lines are being specified with increasing frequency to protect new and rehabilitated pipelines in corrosive oilfield services. Thermoplastic liner systems are described in NACE Publication 35101. The Plastics Pipe Institute (PPI)“) has published a report on pipeline rehabilitation by sliplinin$) wit
12、h polyethylene pipe. Svetlik has reviewed tight-fitting liner technologies in an ASTM report.3 The Canadian Standards Association(3) has also addressed thermoplastic liner. Some oil and gas companies have developed internal standards and specifications. This standard recommended practice is not inte
13、nded to replace existing national or corporate standards and requirements based on specific local experience. It is intended to provide a foundation for proper use of thermoplastic liners in cases where there is no established standard. This standard is intended for use by liner installers, owners o
14、f lined pipelines and pipelines that might at some point need a liner, liner materials suppliers, and consultants and engineering firms engaged in the subject field. The growth of interest in liners is fueling the emergence of installation contractors engaged in supplying liners for oil company oper
15、ator owners. If the owner has internal specifications and performance requirements that must be met by the contractor, or if the contractor is experienced and has expertise in all aspects of liner design and installation, it is likely that the right choices will be made and the lined pipeline will o
16、perate successfully for the designed lifetime. This case implies the participation of companies with substantial technical resources that can be brought to bear on the project. Successful implementation of a lined pipeline system requires experience and expertise on the part of both the installer co
17、ntractor and the operator. The intent is that project specifications be developed based on this standard. It provides a common design basis consistent with best engineering practices. It is to the benefit of liner users and installers to have a standard for liner design, installation, and operation
18、to help ensure that the installed product meets performance expectations. This standard represents minimum requirements and should not be interpreted as a restriction on the use of better procedures or materials. This standard was prepared by NACE Task Group (TG) 037 on Thermoplastic Liners for Oilf
19、ield Pipelines. TG 037 is administered by Specific Technology Group (STG) 03 on Protective Coatings and Linings-lmmersion/Buried, and is sponsored by STG 10 on Materials Applications, STG 33 on Oil and Gas Production-Nonmetallics and Wear Coatings (Metallic), and STG 35 on Pipelines, Tanks, and Well
20、 Casings. This standard is published under the auspices of STG 03 on Protective Coatings and Linings-lmmersion/Buried. (I) Plastics Pipe Institute, Inc. (PPI), 1825 Connecticut Avenue, NW, Suite 680, Washington, DC 20009 (I ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428. (3)
21、Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6 Canada. NACE International I RP0304-2004 NACE International Stand a rd Recommended Practice Design, Installation, and Operation of Thermoplastic Liners for Oilfield Pipelines Contents 1. General 1 2. Definitions 1 3. Li
22、ner Materials 2 4. Liner Design . 3 5. Liner Design Aspects . 3 6. Liner Installation . 5 7. Liner Operation 7 References . 8 Appendix A: Typical Properties of Liner Materials 10 Appendix B: Test Procedures for Thermoplastic Liner Materials 11 Appendix C: Calculating the Effects of Differential Ther
23、mal Exp 12 Table AI : Typical Properties of Liner Materials 10 Table BI : Test Procedures for Thermoplastic Liner Materials 11 II NACE International RP0304-2004 Section 1: General 1 .I This standard defines the process necessary to design, install, and operate a thermoplastic-lined oilfield pipeline
24、. The design process includes an assessment of the service conditions, materials, chemical compatibilities of liner mater- ials with any service fluids and additives, pipeline geometry, and risk analysis. The installation process includes site sur- veys, pi pel i ne preparation, insertion, term i na
25、tion, pressure testing, reburial, and safety. Operation of a lined system must take into consideration the service fluids, materials of construction, safety, commissioning, normal operation, depressuring, and upset conditions. 1.2 This standard is not intended to replace detailed pro- cedures specif
26、ic to the particular installation method devel- oped by installers, nor is it intended to replace pipeline oper- ating instructions developed by operators. It is intended to set a standard for petformance within the scope of these procedures and instructions. This standard is not applicable to therm
27、oplastic pipes, often referred to as liners, that are required to contain the pressure of the service without the host pipe. This standard is not intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. 1.3
28、In plastic-lined steel the corrosion/erosion resistance of the inner plastic pipe and the strength/mechanical durability of the metal case are both exploited. This allows for design pressures equal to those of the host pipe. 1.4 The subject liners are installed in the field after the steel pipeline
29、is completed. The liners may be installed in new pipelines, or in existing pipelines for rehabilitation pur- poses. The liners consist of a free-standing thermoplastic pipe that is inserted into the existing steel host pipe and is designed in such a way that the liner pipe does not require the use o
30、f a third material to fill any gaps between the liner and the host pipe. The liner pipe is designed to remain in close contact with the host pipe during operation. Section 2: Definitions Annulus: The interstitial space between the liner outer wall sutface and the inside wall sutface of the host pipe
31、. Buckling: The onset of elastic instability of the liner which can usually be calculated using known materials properties. Collapse may follow quickly after buckling. Collapse: The large-scale deformation of a liner usually resulting in reduced flow capacity and damage to the liner. Collapse often
32、results in a U-shaped cross-section of the liner. Critical buckling pressure (Pc,it): The external pressure applied to a liner sufficient to initiate structural buckling. Expansion: Increasing the diameter of the inserted liner so that it is in contact with the interior surface of the host pipe. Fus
33、ion: The process of joining lengths of liner by melting the plastic at the joint. It also refers to the fusion joint. Host pipe: The existing rigid pipe which may be steel or composite. Installer: A contractor specializing in liner insertion and termination. Interference fit: See Tight fit. Joint: p
34、ieces. A length of liner when it is provided as straight Liner: The plastic pipe inserted into the host pipe. Liner manufacturer: The party that converts thermoplastic polymer material into liner pipe to be used by the installer. Loose fit: A liner design case in which the pre-insertion liner outsid
35、e diameter (OD) is smaller than the host pipe inside diameter (ID). A description can be found in “Pipeline Rehabilitation by Sliplining with Polyethylene Pipe.” Material supplier: The party that manufactures the poly- mer material used to make the liner supplied to the installer. In some cases the
36、liner extrusion company serves in the materials supplier role, as described in this standard. Neutral fit: A liner design case in which the pre-insertion liner OD is the same as the host pipe ID. Owner: The party ultimately contracting with the installer for the liner, and who has long-term responsi
37、bility for the lined pipeline. Pull head: A special piece of equipment, usually made from the same polymer as the liner, containing a secure attachment point. Sizing plate: A pipeline inspection device with an accurate known OD, that is normally pulled through the host pipeline prior to liner insert
38、ion, for the purpose of determining the minimum ID within the host pipe. NACE International 1 RP0304-2004 Stub end: A machined flange adapter used to terminate a monly used methods can be found in the patent literature, length of liner. .e., U.S. Patent(4) 5,048,l 745 and Canadian Patent(5) 1,241 ,2
39、62.6 Thermoplastic polymer: A polymer that can be melted and re-solidified an indefinite number of times. Wireline: Specifically, a cable used to pull the liner. Gen- erally used to refer to a rig consisting of a specially con- Tight fit: A liner design case in which the pre-insertion liner structed
40、 winch, frequently mounted on a vehicle, fitted with OD is larger than the host pipe ID. These liners require cable load and length measurement devices, and the cable special equipment for insertion. Descriptions of the com- used to pull the liner and inspection tools through the host pipe I i ne. S
41、ection 3: Liner Materials 3.1 The selection of an appropriate liner material is a criti- cal part of the liner design process. Not all thermoplastic polymer materials are suitable for use as liners in oilfield pipelines because of the variety of fluids and operating con- ditions. of the materials th
42、at can be used as a liner, no single material is suited to all operating conditions. Several thermoplastic polymers have been used as liners in oilfield service in different environments. 3.2 High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is the most com- monly used material and has been successfully installed in
43、 water injection pipelines, multiphase oil and gas gathering pipelines, sour multiphase crude product pipelines, and oil transmission ipelines. HDPE is specified as ASTM PE- listed in Appendix A. 3408 or IS0 ($ PE-80 and PE-100. Typical properties are 3.3 Medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) has been
44、used as a liner for water disposal and injection lines. It is specified as ASTM PE-2406. 3.4 Polyamide 11 (PA-Il), also known as nylon-II, has been used in numerous installations in elevated tempera- ture, sour gas, and multiphase sour hydrocarbon gathering lines. It is specified in ASTM D 6779.7 Ty
45、pical properties are listed in Appendix A. 3.5 Liner materials shall be selected based on mechanical properties and chemical resistance information supplied by the thermoplastic polymer material supplier or other gen- erally acce ted information source such as ASTM, ISO, materials should be measured
46、 and reported in accordance with the standard test methods listed in Appendix B. CSA, API, R or PPI standards. Reported properties of liner 3.6 The properties of liner materials after equilibrating in service are usually different from the as-new material prop- erties reported on data sheets. The ch
47、anges are some- times significant and might affect liner petformance in ser- vice. The effects of the service environment should be investigated as part of the design process. Short-term effects of the service environment, such as swelling or aggressive chemical attack, are relatively easy to determ
48、ine and standard test methods are available (see Appendix B). Longer-term effects, such as slow chemical attack or slower environmental stress cracking, are equally important. Fewer standard test methods are available in this case, but materials suppliers often have useful data to address the concer
49、ns. The medium- to long-term properties of the mat- erial in the service environment shall be considered when making decisions about liner design. 3.7 Fluid compatibility tests should be petformed according to the material manufacturers or liner suppliers docu- mented procedures. Laboratory exposure testing with extruded samples should be used to determine whether the polymer liner material is compatible with pipeline product. Test conditions should be based on the expected operating conditions of temperature and pressure. As a minimum, tensile strength, elongation at break, te
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