1、 Standard Test Method Evaluating Elastomeric Materials in Carbon Dioxide Decompression Environments This NACE International standard represents a consensus of those individual members who have reviewed this document, its scope, and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone,
2、whether he or she has adopted the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not in conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this NACE standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise, to manufactu
3、re, sell, or use in connection with any method, apparatus, or product covered by letters patent, or as indemnifying or protecting anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent. This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted as a restriction on the use
4、 of better procedures or materials. Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases relating to the subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness of this standard in specific instances. NACE assumes no responsibility for the interpretation or use of this standard by other pa
5、rties and accepts responsibility for only those official NACE interpretations issued by NACE in accordance with its governing procedures and policies which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. Users of this NACE standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health,
6、 safety, environmental, and regulatory documents and for determining their applicability in relation to this standard prior to its use. This NACE standard may not necessarily address all potential health and safety problems or environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, equipment, an
7、d/or operations detailed or referred to within this standard. Users of this NACE standard are also responsible for establishing appropriate health, safety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regulatory authorities if necessary, to achieve compliance with any exi
8、sting applicable regulatory requirements prior to the use of this standard. CAUTIONARY NOTICE: NACE standards are subject to periodic review, and may be revised or withdrawn at any time in accordance with NACE technical committee procedures. NACE requires that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or
9、 withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of initial publication and subsequently from the date of each reaffirmation or revision. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers of NACE standards may receive current information on all standards and other NACE pub
10、lications by contacting the NACE FirstService Department, 1440 South Creek Dr., Houston, TX 77084-4906 (telephone +1 281-228-6200). Reaffirmed 2012-12-13 Reaffirmed 2003-09-12 Reaffirmed 1998-03-24Approved April 1992 NACE International 1440 South Creek Dr. Houston, Texas 77084-4906 +1 281-228-6200 I
11、SBN 1-57590-055-6 2012, NACE International NACE Standard TM0192-2012 Item No. 21222 TM0192-2012 TM0192-2012 NACE International i _ Foreword This standard test method was prepared to serve as a tool in the evaluation of elastomeric materials for use in the oil field and other energy-related areas whe
12、re carbon dioxide (CO2) gaseous environments are encountered. This standard presents information on testing in CO2 environments under pressures greater than atmospheric pressure at room temperature.(1) It is intended for use by anyone investigating the use of elastomeric materials in CO2 environment
13、s where pressures are low but greater than atmospheric. This standard details a low-pressure, low-temperature comparative test. By using the specified test conditions, data from separate laboratories that perform this test method may be compared. No other technical organization is known to have issu
14、ed a comparable standard test method. This method is useful in conducting research and development of elastomeric materials. This standard was originally prepared in 1992 by Work Group T-1G-17e of Task Group T-1G-17, a component of Unit Committee T-1G, “Protective Coatings, Elastomers, and Other Non
15、metallic Materials for Oilfield Use.” It was reaffirmed in 1998 by T-1G and reaffirmed in 2003 and 2012 by Specific Technology Group (STG) 33, “Oil and Gas ProductionNonmetallics and Wear Coatings (Metallic).” This standard is published by NACE International under the auspices of STG 33. In NACE sta
16、ndards, the terms shall, must, should, and may are used in accordance with the definitions of these terms in the NACE Publications Style Manual. The terms shall and must are used to state a requirement, and are considered mandatory. The term should is used to state something good and is recommended,
17、 but is not considered mandatory. The term may is used to state something considered optional. _ _ (1)Refer to NACE Standard TM02971 for high-temperature testing TM0192-2012 ii NACE International _ NACE International Standard Test Method Evaluating Elastomeric Materials in Carbon Dioxide Decompressi
18、on Environments Contents 1. General 1 2. Definitions 1 3. Test Media. 1 4. Test Conditions . 1 5. Test Specimens 2 6. Test Equipment . 2 7. Test Procedures 2 8. Reporting of Test Results 4 References 5 Bibliography . 5 Table 1: Rating Scale for Physical Damage 3 _ TM0192-2012 NACE International 1 _
19、Section 1: General 1.1 This standard establishes a test method to measure the effect on elastomeric materials of rapid depressurization from elevated pressures in dry CO2 environments. It is designed for testing O-rings or other test specimens of elastomeric materials. This test method is not applic
20、able to the testing of cellular rubber or porous materials. 1.2 This standard recommends procedures for the preparation of test specimens, the test equipment to be used, the test procedures to be followed, and the reporting of test results. The results are determined by monitoring changes in physica
21、l and mechanical properties as well as changes in appearance after exposure to the selected test media. 1.3 In view of the wide range of service conditions, this test method is intended only to be a means of initial material evaluation and comparison. No attempt or implication is made to establish a
22、ny pass/fail criteria for elastomeric materials tested by this method. The change in properties of an elastomeric material is indicative of its resistance to a specific environment. This test method can be regarded only as a relative measure of the resistance of an elastomeric material under the con
23、ditions of this particular test, and does not necessarily have any direct relation to service performance. The precision of this test method and reproducibility within and among laboratories has not been established. The significance of the results can be determined only by each laboratory for its p
24、articular application. The user of this test method is encouraged to establish statistical significance of the data resulting from this method. 1.4 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS: This test involves the use of high-pressure CO2. The appropriate safety precautions for working with high-pressure gases should be o
25、bserved. One source of safety information is CGA(2) P-1.2 _ Section 2: Definitions 2.1 ASTM(3) D15663 provides definitions of technical terms used in this standard. _ Section 3: Test Media 3.1 It is usually desirable to evaluate elastomeric materials in the specific environments to which they will b
26、e exposed in service. However, to provide a basis for the evaluation and comparison of different elastomeric materials, a standard industrial-grade CO2 (99% minimum purity) environment shall be used in this test. _ Section 4: Test Conditions 4.1 Test Temperature 4.1.1 The test shall be performed at
27、room temperature, 25 5 C (77 9 F). 4.2 Test Pressure 4.2.1 The test shall be performed at a gauge pressure of 5.2 0.3 MPa (750 50 psig). 4.3 Test Exposure Period 4.3.1 The standard test exposure period shall be 24 1 hour. 4.3.2 The test exposure period shall be defined as the period elapsed from the
28、 time the test pressure and test temperature are established until the test pressure is discontinued or released. _ (2) Compressed Gas Association (CGA), 4221 Walney Rd., Chantilly, VA 20151. (3) ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959. TM0192-2012 2 NACE In
29、ternational 4.4 Pressure Release Rate 4.4.1 The test vessel shall be decompressed in 1 min. _ Section 5: Test Specimens 5.1 Test specimen selection is often restricted by the size and shape of the available elastomeric material. The geometry, cross-sectional area, and orientation of the test specime
30、n can affect the test results and must be recorded. 5.2 Standard O-Ring Test Specimen 5.2.1 The standard test specimen shall be an O-ring with 37.47 mm inside diameter (ID) and 5.33 mm cross-sectional diameter (1.475 in ID and 0.210 in cross-sectional diameter). This corresponds to a standard SAE(4)
31、 AS568-3254 O-ring. 5.2.2 Alternate test specimens are acceptable provided the configuration is recorded. 5.3 Test specimens shall be obtained from one batch of elastomeric material that is large enough to complete the necessary testing. _ Section 6: Test Equipment 6.1 Test Vessels 6.1.1 Many types
32、of test vessels are acceptable for the exposure of elastomeric materials to CO2 environments. 6.1.2 Test vessels shall be capable of being purged to remove air before testing is initiated. 6.1.3 The size of the test vessel shall be such that the ratio of the test vessel volume to the total test spec
33、imen volume is greater than 25 to 1. 6.1.4 If elastomeric seals are to be used with the test vessel, they should be selected with care because they will be subjected to the same conditions as the test specimen. NOTE: Test vessel seals may need to be replaced after each test. _ Section 7: Test Proced
34、ures 7.1 The test procedures in this standard provide for the determination of physical changes of the free-state test specimen as follows: Change in visual appearance (internal and external); Change in cross-sectional diameter; Change in durometer hardness (ASTM D2240,5 ASTM D14156); Change in tens
35、ile properties (optional) (ASTM D412,7 ASTM D14148); Change in tensile strength; Change in ultimate elongation; and Change in modulus. _ (4) SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. TM0192-2012 NACE International 3 7.2 Test Specimen Preparation 7.2.1 The original cro
36、ss-sectional diameter of each test specimen shall be measured and recorded. 7.2.2 The original hardness of each test specimen shall be measured and recorded. 7.2.3 The original tensile properties shall be determined using three test specimens from one batch used for the exposure tests (optional). 7.
37、2.3.1 The tensile properties measured shall be tensile strength, ultimate elongation, and modulus (when applicable) at 25, 50, and 100% elongation. 7.3 Cross-Sectional Diameter After Exposure 7.3.1 The cross-sectional diameter of the test specimen shall be measured and recorded after rapid decompres
38、sion and subsequent removal from the test vessel. The elapsed time to measurement from the time the gauge pressure reached zero shall be recorded. 7.3.2 The measurement of the cross-sectional diameter shall be repeated 10 minutes after the time the gauge pressure reached zero. 7.4 Hardness After Exp
39、osure 7.4.1 The hardness after rapid decompression and subsequent removal of the test specimen from the test vessel shall be measured and recorded. The elapsed time to measurement from the time the gauge pressure reached zero shall be recorded. 7.4.2 The measurement of the hardness shall be repeated
40、 10 minutes after the time the gauge pressure reached zero. 7.5 Change in Tensile Properties 7.5.1 Following exposure to the test media, each test specimen shall be tested in air. For calculations of stress or strain, the thickness or cross-sectional area of the initial unexposed test specimen shall
41、 be used. The elapsed time to measurement from the time the gauge pressure reached zero shall be recorded. 7.5.2 Initial tensile properties shall be compared with those after exposure to the test media. Results of the comparison shall be reported in terms of percent change. 7.6 Visual Inspection for
42、 Physical Damage 7.6.1 The test specimens shall be visually inspected internally and externally for damage. Visual inspections may include examination under magnification. 7.6.2 Inspection of physical damage in the form of surface cracks, fissures, and blisters may be aided if the test specimens are
43、 bent, twisted, compressed, or sectioned. 7.6.3 The rating scale in Table 1 shall be applied to the physical damage that is observed. Table 1 Rating Scale for Physical Damage RATING DESCRIPTION OF DAMAGE 1 No visible damage 2 Minimal surface damage (few blisters and cracks) 3 External and internal d
44、amage (many blisters and cracks) 4 Extensive damage, fragmentation TM0192-2012 4 NACE International 7.7 Exposure Test Sequence 7.7.1 The test specimens (three per compound, per test) shall be measured to determine cross-sectional diameter, hardness, and tensile properties (optional) and recorded. 7.
45、7.2 The test specimens shall be placed in the test vessel. 7.7.3 The test vessel shall be purged with CO2 for 20 to 30 seconds to remove any air. 7.7.4 The test vessel shall be charged with CO2 to a gauge pressure of 5.2 0.3 MPa (750 50 psig). 7.7.5 The test room temperature shall be measured and re
46、corded. 7.7.6 The test specimens shall be maintained at a gauge pressure of 5.2 0.3 MPa (750 50 psig) in the CO2 test media at the specified test temperature for 24 1 hour. 7.7.7 Depressurization 7.7.7.1 Depressurization shall take place in 1 min. 7.7.7.2 The test vessel shall be opened and the cros
47、s-sectional diameter and hardness of each test specimen shall be measured in accordance with Paragraphs 7.3 and 7.4. 7.7.7.3 The tensile properties of each test specimen shall be measured in accordance with ASTM D 1414 and Paragraph 7.5 (optional). 7.7.7.4 The visual inspection of each test specimen shall be perfor
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