[考研类试卷]2010年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2010 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选词填空0 Are you tempted to trade in your mobile phone every time a new model comes out, upgrade your【C1 】_every year or part-exchange your car as【C2】_as the shine wears off? If【C3】_, you could be suffering from neophilia(喜新成癖): Literally, the love of the【 C4】_“ Suff

2、ering“ is a bit of a stretch, since most of us are neophiliacs to some【C5】_It is the curse of our consumerist culture or a【C6】_if youre a manufacturer or advertiser. But is it doing any real harm? Actually, yes. Neophilia is at the【C7】_of the growing problem of hazardous waste in the US and other【C8

3、】_countries. More than 100 million of mobile phones were【C9】_in the US last year, along with tens of millions of computers. Its a【C10】_story for electronic games, monitors, televisions and other IT【C11】_Many of these are made of toxic materials containing heavy【C12】_such as lead, zinc, chromium, cad

4、mium and mercury.Whats more, our enthusiasm for new products is encouraging what the writer Giles Slade calls “planned obsolescence“the tendency of【C13】_to artificially limit the useful lifespan of their products, so consumers will soon have to【C14 】_them.Who exactly qualifies【 C15】_a neophiliac? Co

5、lin Campbell, a sociologist at the University of York, UK, and one of the first to【C16】_into the phenomenon, defines three types. The first,【C17】_as“Pristinians“ , have an almost pathological desire for things that are pristine and fresh. They replace furniture, clothes, even the living-room carpet

6、at the first【C18】_of wear, often with identical models. The second group are the“trailblazing consumers“who seek cutting-edge innovations and technologies, a demographic【C19 】 _mostly of young men. The third and most common type are the【C20 】_of fashion, the fickle consumers who succumb to the lure

7、of advertising.1 【C1 】2 【C2 】3 【C3 】4 【C4 】5 【C5 】6 【C6 】7 【C7 】8 【C8 】9 【C9 】10 【C10 】11 【C11 】12 【C12 】13 【C13 】14 【C14 】15 【C15 】16 【C16 】17 【C17 】18 【C18 】19 【C19 】20 【C20 】二、英译汉21 Translation from English into Chinese.(30 points)London responded to terrorist attack on July 7th in true Blitz sty

8、le: rescuers were heroic, and ordinary citizens showed compassion and fortitude. Or so the politically correct version goes. A report this week from the London Assembly takes a sterner line. In fact, ratios failed to work, medical supplies were lacking, some ambulances arrived inexplicably late and

9、traumatized people were left to wander off.This is the third official report into the bombs on tube and bus that killed 56 people last year and injured hundreds more. In May the Home Office offered a“ narrative “of events but cast blame only on the terrorists. A parliamentary investigation concluded

10、 that the intelligence services, stretched thin, had done their best. The London Assemblys take on the matter will not satisfy those who want an independent public inquiry. But it has, at least, got beneath the gloss.The response to the July 7th bombings was chaotic, and in ways that ought to have b

11、een preventable. The emergency services had no coherent plan in place to care for those who survived, the report suggests. But most crippling were the communication failures.Police, ambulance workers and firefighters were unable to talk to each other underground; only the radios of the transport pol

12、ice worked in the tunnels. The emergency services had to reply on runners to pass information to and from disaster areas. Yet a report on a big fire at Kings Cross tube station had drawn attention to precisely the problem in 1988.Communications above ground were not much better. Rescue workers compe

13、ted with bewildered bystanders for access to overloaded mobile-phone networks. The City of London Police, for its part, asked one wireless operator to favor certain rescue workers by limiting service for ordinary users. Earlier, a body headed by the Metropolitan Police had decided this was unnecessa

14、ry.Richard Barnes, who chaired the assemblys July 7th review committee, says the report is not meant to disparage the work of the rescuers but rather to fix the problems they encountered. Almost a year later, the situation has barely improved: a new digital radio network for Londons underground, for

15、 example, is running behind schedule. The assembly plans new hearings in November to hold various feet to the fire.三、写作22 Is societys admiration for famous people beneficial or harmful? Write an essay of no less than 200 words to give your opinions on it.四、选择题23 Anyone who has a sore throat should_f

16、rom alcohol.（A）detain（B） abstain（C） sustain（D）pertain24 The teacher was_ of his duty.（A）neglect（B） neglectful（C） negligent（D）pertain25 Hopes of finding the missing climbers are now beginning to_.（A）reduce（B） fade（C） faint（D）dim26 The football match was televised_from the Workers Stadium.（A）alive（B）

17、life（C） live（D）lively27 George Ball_malaria when he was touring Mexico.（A）confided（B） contracted（C） recited（D）flattered28 The gap between those at the lowest level and those at the highest level of income has increased _, and is coming to increase.（A）substantially（B） successfully（C） succinctly（D）suf

18、ficiently29 The study shows that laying too much emphasis on exams is likely to_ students enthusiasm in learning English.（A）hold back（B） hold off（C） hold down（D）hold over30 Telecommuting is a new form of work_to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to work while remaining at home.（A）that

19、affording those unable previously（B） affords those who were previously unable（C） affording those previously unable（D）afforded those previously unable31 The_of “snake“is simply this; a legless reptile with a long, thin body.（A）connotation（B） denomination（C） donation（D）denotation32 And the topic “fat“

20、is forbidden. Even the slightest pouch betrays that one is losing the trim and _of youth.（A）vague（B） vigor（C） vogue（D）vulgar33 Because of its excellence in quality, for the last two years, Audi car has _ Germanys Touring Car Championship.（A）conquered（B） contested（C） dominated（D）determined34 The boy

21、could not_himself to the failure; he did not believe that was his lot.（A）submit（B） commit（C） transmit（D）permit35 We were discussing the housing problem when a middle-aged man_and said, “ Theres no point in talking about impossibilities. “（A）intersected（B） interjected（C） penetrated（D）adulterated36 It

22、 is agreed that all nations should take measures against terrorism on the basis of the UN _and other international laws.（A）Charter（B） Constitution（C） Concordance（D）Custody37 He had wanted a 25% raise in pay, but after talking to his boss, he decided that a 5% raise would have to_.（A）suffice（B） satis

23、fy（C） gratify（D）delight38 He displayed a complete lack of_and tact in dealing with his employers.（A）tenacity（B） curiosity（C） civility（D）hostility39 Pirated compact disks and floppy disks remained the second biggest vehicles for the spread of computer viruses despite the governments determined effort

24、s to_software piracy.（A）boost（B） quash（C） cruse（D）restrict40 Participants in the Shanghai Co-operation Forum _ regional teamwork to promote investment and economic development.（A）cursed（B） echoed（C） bounced（D）hailed41 A luxury express train jumped the tracks on a bridge in eastern India, killing at

25、least 50 on the spot. According to the Northern Railway spokesman, the death_is expected to rise.（A）figure（B） toll（C） span（D）yield42 Some disputes among these countries are_by history.（A）left over（B） turned over（C） handed over（D）taken over43 Widely acknowledged Aas a great and important playwright,

26、Eugene ONeill brought to the United States stages Bit was probably Cits first really serious Ddrama.44 It is perhaps not an exaggeration Ato say we shall soon Bbe trusting our health, wealth and happiness to elements with Cwhom very names the general public Dare unfamiliar.45 Whenever we Ahear of a

27、natural disaster, Beven in a distant part of the world, we feel Csympathy for the people Dto have affected.46 Her research indicates Awhat many adults routinely subscribe Bto some form of what the scholar Ccalls “the magical law of Dcontagion“.47 ATo be measured in terms of its members, teaching is

28、Bthe worlds biggest profession. Though the roles and functions of teachers vary Cfrom country to country, the variations are generally greater within a country than Dthey are between countries.48 Recent reform efforts Ahave been focused on encouraging lifelong or recurrent education to meet Bchangin

29、g individual and social need. Thus, not only Cthe number of students has increased, Dbut the scope of education has also expanded.49 Most of the changes Aoccurred in patterns of family planning Bhad taken place before public family services were established and at Cconsiderable emotional and physica

30、l costs Dof many couples.50 Mr. AJacobs, who immigrated to a country Bwhich was known for its business opportunities, always wanted his partners, Cof whom my father was one, to continue the firm Dwhich started.51 AA great many teachers Bfirmly believe that English is one of Cthe poorest-taught subje

31、cts in high schools Dat present.52 AMarta being Bchosen as the Cmost outstanding student on her campus Dmade her parents happy.53 Jacques-Yves Cousteau Ahas estimated that Bonly one third to one half as many fish and other forms of marine life Clive in the oceans now Dthat lived there twenty years a

32、go.54 The Hocanes Aappear Bfriendly and peaceful, Cbut they are deeply suspicious of Danother tribes.55 AIn the diet of Bmost Northern Europeans, the potato is a Cmore usual source of starch Das rice.56 He thought Athat the aim Bof philosophy Cwas to discover the good, Dbeautiful and the true.57 The

33、 more complex a subject Abecomes, the Bbetter necessary it is to Cbreak it up into a number of parts Dwhich the reader can visualize.58 AEven if automakers modify commercially produced cars to run Bon alternative Cfuels, the cars wont catch on in a big way Dwhen drivers can fill them up at the gas s

34、tation.59 AAs long as poor people, who in general are colored, are Bin conflict with richer people, who in general are Clighter Dskin, theres going to be a constant racial conflict in the world.60 Unless those currently workingboth men and womenAwould be given the Bnecessary training for somewhat hi

35、gher positions, unemployment in general will become Cincreasingly more serious as automation Dcontinues.61 Those part-time students expected to Aoffer some jobs Bon campus Cduring the Dcoming summer vacation.62 All personnel will be required to Aundergo special sensitivity training programs Bprior t

36、o leaving Cfor aboard in order to be prepared Dagainst culture shock.63 _ was executed in the Civil War of England.（A）James I（B） James II（C） Charles I（D）Charles II64 The capital of Australia is_.（A）Sidney（B） Victoria（C） Canberra（D）Perth65 The Tories were the forerunners of_, which still bears this n

37、ickname today.（A）the Liberal Party（B） the Conservative Party（C） the Labor Party（D）the Social Democratic Party66 William and Mary jointly accepted_and were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey, the age of constitutional monarchy began.（A）Bill of Rights（B） Great Charter（C） Magna Carta（D）Declaration of

38、 Independence67 _began in the early 20th century as a type of music of black Americans.（A）Jazz（B） Country music（C） Rap music（D）Rock and Roll68 Queen Elizabeth I was Queen of England during the period from_.（A）1066 to 1089（B） 1819 to 1901（C） 1558 to 1603（D）1981 to 198969 “American 2000: An Education

39、Strategy “was issued by President_in 1991.（A）Carter（B） Reagan（C） Bush（D）Kennedy70 The longest river in Britain is_.（A）The Severn River（B） The Thames（C） River Clyde（D）Loch Ness71 James I was a King of the_dynasty.（A）Plantagenet（B） Tudor（C） Windsor（D）Stuart72 The English Reformation began with_.（A）Mar

40、y Tudor（B） Elizabeth I（C） Victoria（D）Henry VIII73 The following were the founding fathers to the American Republic except_.（A）Thomas Jefferson（B） John Adams（C） John Locke（D）George Washington74 British recorded history begins with_.（A）the Roman invasion（B） the arrival and settlement of Celt（C） the No

41、rman Conquest（D）Viking and Danish invasion75 The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the U. K. is_.（A）The Court of Session（B） The House of Lords（C） The High Court（D）The Court of Appeal76 _ is now one of the two official languages in New Zealand.（A）French（B） Maori（C） Dutch（D）Spanish77

42、The most central function of the Congress is to_in the U. S.（A）carry out executive orders（B） make investigations（C） pass laws（D）appoint officials78 The National Health Service was established in the U. K. in_.（A）1958（B） 1948（C） 1988（D）196879 In the government system of the U. S. and the U. K. , the

43、safeguards against misuse of powers come in the form of_.（A）presidential elections（B） executive orders（C） party politics（D）separation of powers80 _is the fastest-growing racial and ethnic group in the U. S.（A）Blacks（B） Hispanics（C） WASPs（D）Indians81 _was the first Archbishop of Canterbury who was re

44、markably successful in converting the British king and the nobility to Christianity.（A）St. Patrick（B） St. David（C） St. George（D）St. Augustine82 If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he/she will take the examination called_.（A）General Certificate of Education-A level（B） General Certifica

45、te of Secondary Education（C） the Common Entrance Examination（D）General National Vocational Qualifications五、简答题83 Answer the Following Questions.(20 points)Religious difference has been a constant source of various conflicts both in the past and present of the UK. Discuss this issue based on the hist

46、orical events.84 Give two examples to show the kind of political intolerance in the U. S. after the end of World War I.2010 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷答案与解析一、选词填空1 【正确答案】 laptop【试题解析】 句意：每当有新款手机推出时，你是否都有折价换掉旧手机的冲动?你是否想每年都升级笔记本电脑，或当车子不再光彩熠熠时就把它换掉?原文给出的三个例子有依次价值递增的趋势，laptop 在这里介于 mobile 和 car 之间。2 【正确答案】

47、soon【试题解析】 as soon as 表示“一旦就”，符合原文对于 “喜新厌旧”的描述。3 【正确答案】 so【试题解析】 句意：如果是这样，你可能患有喜新癖，从字面上说，就是对新事物的狂热。If so 在此处起到承接上文的作用。4 【正确答案】 new【试题解析】 the new，用 the 加形容词表示一类事物，即所有新鲜的事物。5 【正确答案】 degree【试题解析】 句意：“患有”这个词有点夸张，因为大部分人在某种程度上都喜新厌旧。to some degree 表示 “某种程度上”。6 【正确答案】 blessing【试题解析】 句意：这是我们这种消费文化的诅咒或者说赐福，如果

48、你是制造商或者广告商的话。消费者与制造商和广告商之间的角色对立，决定了空格处需要填 curse 一词的对立词，即 blessing。7 【正确答案】 root【试题解析】 句意：但是，这种情况是否真正造成了危害?是的。美国等发达国家面临着日益严重的有害废弃物问题，其根源正是“喜新厌旧”。at the root of 在此表示“根源，根本原因”。8 【正确答案】 developed【试题解析】 句意同上题。9 【正确答案】 discarded【试题解析】 句意：美国人去年扔掉了 1 亿多部手机和数千万台电脑。为表达喜新厌旧和浪费的上下文含义这里需要“抛弃，扔掉”的含义。10 【正确答案】 similar【试题解析】 句意：电子游戏机、显示器、电视和其他 IT 产品的情况也是类似的。此句承上启下，表示之后提到的例子和前文是类似的。11 【正确答案】 products【试题解析】 句意同上题。IT products 表示“信息技术产品”。12 【正确答案】 metals【试题解析】 句意：其中许多产品是用含铅、锌、铬、镉、汞等重金属的有毒材料制成的。后面的例子可以概括为“重金属”heavy metals。13 【正确答案】 manufacturers【试题解析】 句意：而且，我们对新产品的热情助长了“有计划淘汰”现象生产者人