[考研类试卷]2012年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2012 年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 Wi-Fi2 ISO3 DNA4 IMF5 nitrogen oxide6 autoalarm7 biological agent8 Charles Darwin9 multistage rocket10 radio navigational instruments11 probability theory12 geoastrophysics13 neon14 semiconductor15 communicative translation汉译英16 矿物燃料17 载人飞船18 人工智能19 信息类文本20 电化学21 千瓦2

2、2 功能对等23 工程制图24 改写本25 克隆26 机辅翻译27 博客搜索28 字面翻译29 天宫 1 号太空舱30 同声传译英译汉31 One measure of a robust transportation system is the diversity of travel modes. US cities are dominated by a single mode: the private car. On average, each person in the US cities sampled in 1990 logged 10,870 kilometers(6,750 mil

3、es)of city driving more than a round trip across North America. Growth in car use in the US cities between 1980 and 1990 was 2,000 kilometers per person, nearly double the increase in the Canadian cities, which have the next highest driving level. In industrial countries, urban car use has tended to

4、 rise as population density has declined. US cities have led the trend toward dispersed, low-density development. Between 1983 and 1990, the average roundtrip commute to work in the United States grew 25%, to 17 kilometers(11 miles). As cities sprawl, cars become essential while transit, bicycling,

5、and walking become less practical. Compact Asian and European cities thus have the highest levels of non-motorized transport.As car use rises, car-related problems mount. Fatal crashes, for example, increase. The exception is cities in developing countries, where low car use is offset by poor signal

6、s and safety regulations. Nonetheless, highly car-reliant US cities exceed even developing Asian cities in per capital traffic fatalities. Worldwide, traffic accidents kill some 885,000 people each yearequivalent to 10 fatal jumbo jet crashes per dayand injure many times more. Key Wordslog v. 把记入航海(

7、或飞行)transit n.运输，经过jumbo jet 大型喷气式客机32 Scientists continue to find new ways to insert genes for specific traits into plant and animal DNA. A field of promiseand a subject of debategenetic engineering is changing the food we eat and the world we live in.Just what are genetically engineered foods, and

8、 who is eating them? What do we know about their benefitsand their risks? What effect might engineered plants have on the environment and on agricultural practices around the world? Can they help feed and preserve the health of the Earths burgeoning population?In the past decade or so, the biotech p

9、lants that go into these processed foods have leaped from hothouse oddities to crops planted on a massive scaleon 130 million acres in 13 countries, among them Argentina, Canada, China, South Africa, Australia, Germany, and Spain. On U. S. farmland, acreage planted with genetically engineered crops

10、jumped nearly 25-fold from 3. 6 million acres in 1996 to 88. 2 million acres in 2001. More than 50 different “designer“ crops have passed through a federal review process, and about a hundred more are undergoing field trials. Key Wordsburgeon v迅速成长、迅速发展 oddity n奇异，古怪汉译英33 中国科学家在沿海省份大面积试验用海水灌溉农作物，以供养

11、众多的人口，这些人口面临土地匮乏、淡水短缺的压力。早在 20 世纪 90 年代，在沿海地区(包括山东省，河北省，广东省和海南省)的近 300，000 公顷的盐碱地和滩涂上，种的不是小麦、水稻，就是油料作物，这在全世界都是不曾有过的。人们相信，发展海水灌溉农业是增加农田和降低灌溉费用的有效途径。中国人口占世界总人口的五分之一，而可利用的耕地面积只占世界总耕地面积的 7。另一方面，海水灌溉对中国这样一个人均淡水占有量只占世界人均淡水占有量四分之一的国家，将大有裨益。自古以来，几乎所有的农作物都得用淡水灌溉。然而，随着杂交技术和基因技术的发展，中国的科学家培育出了一组能在盐碱环境中生长的盐土植物。【

12、关键词】盐碱地 alkaline land 滩涂 mudflat 杂交 crossbreeding盐土植物 halophytes34 南京化学厂简介南京化学厂具有近四十年的建厂史，是轻工部定点生产牙膏的中型企业，现为省级先进企业。全厂现有职工六百名，其中工程技术人员七十余名，具有丰富的专业技术知识，检测设备先进，手段齐全，该厂在全国率先引进具有八十年代国际先进水平的瑞士VME-700 型制膏机及德国 IWKA 公司灌装包装设备，具有年产牙膏 8000 万支以上的生产能力。该厂牙膏产品有三大系列，14 个品种规格，名优产品芒果，几十年来畅销不衰，并出口到东欧、中东、非洲等国家。为了迎合国际上消费

13、品“回归大自然” 的发展趋势，该厂开发研制了具有当代最新科技水平，全国牙牙膏行业唯一发明专利产品丝素牙膏，引起国内外客户的极大兴趣和关注，最近又开发出真珠王牙膏系列产品，受到消费者的青睐。【关键词】灌装包装设备 packing facilities 系列 series 品种规格 specification丝素牙膏 SILK DENTAL CREAM 真珠王(牙膏)PEARL KING2012 年上海理工大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 无线保真技术2 【正确答案】 国际标准化组织3 【正确答案】 脱氧核糖核酸4 【正确答案】 国际货币基金组织5 【正确答案】 氧化氮6

14、【正确答案】 自动报警器7 【正确答案】 生物制剂8 【正确答案】 查尔斯达尔文9 【正确答案】 多级火箭10 【正确答案】 无线电导航仪器11 【正确答案】 概率论12 【正确答案】 天文地球物理学13 【正确答案】 霓虹灯14 【正确答案】 半导体15 【正确答案】 交际翻译汉译英16 【正确答案】 fossil fuel17 【正确答案】 manned spacecraft18 【正确答案】 artificial intelligence19 【正确答案】 informative text20 【正确答案】 electrochemistry21 【正确答案】 kilowatt22 【正确

15、答案】 functional equivalence23 【正确答案】 engineering drawing24 【正确答案】 adaptation25 【正确答案】 clone26 【正确答案】 computer aided translation27 【正确答案】 blog search28 【正确答案】 literal translation29 【正确答案】 Tiangong 1 space capsule30 【正确答案】 simultaneous interpretation英译汉31 【正确答案】 衡量一个交通体系发达的尺度就是多样化的出行方式。美国的城市交通都是由一种方式主导

16、：那就是私家车。抽样调查显示，美国城市中每个人在 1990 年全年平均有 10 870 公里(6 750 英里)的行车里程，都可以绕北美旅行一圈多了。1980 到 1990 年间，美国每个人开了 2 000 公里，几乎是加拿大人的两倍，加拿大也达到了另一个峰值。在工业国家，随着人口密度的减少，城市用车量也在上涨。美国的城市趋向于分散型、低密度发展。1983 年到 1990 年，美国通勤的往返路程上涨了 25，达到了 17 公里(11 英里)。由于城市在扩张，汽车就变得很有必要，而转车、骑行和步行显得很不实际。所以在亚洲和欧洲紧凑型的城市，交通非机动化水平也最高。随着汽车使用数量的增加，与之相关

17、的问题猛然上升。比如，车祸致死事件在增加。发展中国家却是例外，不过虽然在这些国家的城市汽车使用得比较少，但糟糕的交通信号和安全规定也造成了车祸频发。但是，美国社会高度依赖于汽车，甚至在人均交通设施上都远远超过了亚洲的发展中国家。交通事故在全世界每年造成885 000 人死亡相当于每天十起严重的喷气式客机坠毁事故，还有更多的人受伤。32 【正确答案】 科学家们继续寻找新的办法，来把带有特异性状的基因嵌人植物和动物的 DNA 中。基因工程这个领域前景广阔但争议不断，不过它正在改变着我们食用的食物以及我们居住的这个世界。基因工程食物是什么，谁又在食用?我们怎么知道它们有什么好处以及风险? 基因工程植

18、物对世界范围内的环境以及农业耕作方式有什么影响?它们能不能养活地球上日益增长的人口，对身体会不会有害?在过去大约十年中，利用生物技术种植用于食品加工的粮食原来还是个怪象，但现在已剧增至大规模种植13 个国家的 13 亿亩土地，如阿根廷、加拿大、中国、南非、澳大利亚、德国以及西班牙。在美国，1996 年有 360 万英亩土地种植基因工程作物，2001 年飙升至 8 820 万英亩，增长了将近 25 倍。超过 50 种不同的“设计者”牌作物已经通过了联邦政府的审查，还有大约一百多种正在做田间试验。汉译英33 【正确答案】 Chinese scientists tried to irrigate c

19、rops with sea-water in massive scale in the coastal provinces in order to feed numerous people there who are threatened with scarce farmland and shortage of fresh water. But as early as 1990s, it was unprecedented in the world that people planted wheat, rice or oil-bearing crops on the alkaline land

20、 and mudflat of nearly 300,000 hectares in the coastal regions including Shandong province, Hebei province, Guangdong province and Hainan province. People believe that it is effective to develop seawater irrigated agriculture so as to increase farmland while decrease the irrigation fee. Chinese popu

21、lation is one fifth of world population while cultivated land is only 7 percent of the worlds sum total. Otherwise, the seawater irrigation can greatly benefit China where the a-mount of fresh water per capita is only one fourth of the figure per capita worldwide. Since ancient times, nearly all the

22、 crops are irrigated with fresh water. However, as crossbreeding and gene technology develop, Chinese scientists have cultivated one type of crops that can grow in the alkaline landhalophytes.34 【正确答案】 Introduction to Nanjing Chemical Factory Nanjing Chemical Factory, with nearly 40 years history, i

23、s a medium-sized enterprise designated by the Ministry of Light Industry of China to produce toothpaste and it now becomes a provincial advanced enterprise. The factory employs 600 workers, over 70 of whom are engineering technicians with rich technical knowledge. It has advanced testing equipment a

24、nd various testing methods. In the 1980s, the factory was the first in China to introduce the world-advanced toothpaste-manufacturing machine of VME-700 from Switzerland, and packing facilities from IWKA in Germany which contributes to its capacity to produce over 80 million toothpastes every year.T

25、here are three series of toothpastes with 14 specifications. Mango toothpaste, a famous brand with high quality, sells well for many years and also is exported to countries in the East Europe, the Middle East and Africa. To accommodate to the trend of “returning to the nature“ of global goods, the f

26、actory developed the only patented product in the toothpaste industry all over the country, that is, SILK DENTAL CREAM with the fresh technology. The product has drawn the interests and concern of clients at home and abroad. And recently the factory has developed the PEARL KING, which is also admired by consumers.