[考研类试卷]2012年扬州大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2012 年扬州大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 IMF2 CPI3 NPC4 IDD5 APEC6 sonnet7 syntax8 A-share9 protagonist10 transliteration11 Oedipus Complex12 Wall Street Journal13 US dollar appreciation14 The Proclamation of Emancipation15 The United Nations Security Council汉译英16 人际功能17 美感功能18 下拉菜单19 软驱20 隐性21 形象思维22 月季23 气虚

2、24 复合句25 编码26 语用学27 五光十色28 国际文献29 意合30 互文性英译汉31 The first point about chores is that they are repetitive. They come every day or thereabouts, and once done they require after a certain time to be done again. In this regard a chore is the very opposite of a “happening“that strange sort of event which

3、 a few years back was so much in fashion. For a happening was in essence unrepeatable; it came about in ways no one could predict, taking form from vaporous imaginings or sudden impulse. Chores, by contrast, can be foreseen in advance; for better or worse, I know that tomorrow I must be re-enacting

4、the same small round of ritualistic deeds; and they arise, moreover, from practical necessities, not from poetic flights.32 From time to time, we are insensitive and behave in a way what hurts someones feelings. Afterward, when we feel guilty and down in the dumps, friends can reassure us. This posi

5、tive interaction is therapeutic, and much less than visits to a psychologist.Adolescence and age are the two stages in lives when the need for friendship is crucial. In the former stage, teens are plagued by uncertainty and mixed feelings. In the latter stage, older people are upset by feelings of u

6、selessness and insignificance. In both instances, friends can make a dramatic difference. With close friends in their lives, people develop courage and positive attitudes. Teenagers have the moral support to assert their individuality; the elderly approach their advanced years with optimism and an i

7、nterest in life. These positive outlooks are vital to cope successfully with the crises inherent in these two stages of life.汉译英33 电脑与人脑的差异，可以用一个字眼来概括：复杂性。大型哺乳动物的大脑，就其体积而言，是我们所知晓的最复杂的肌体。人脑只有 3 磅，但就在这 3 磅物质中，却包含着 100 亿个神经细胞，以及 1 000 亿个更小的细胞。这上百亿上千亿的细胞相互联系，行成一个无比复杂的网络，人类迄今还无法解开这其中的奥秘。即便人类现今研制出的最复杂的电脑，

8、其复杂程度也无法与人脑相比。电脑的转换器和元件只是成千上万，而不是上百亿，上千亿。更重要的是，电脑的转换器仅是一种开关装置，而人脑细胞本来却有着极其复杂的内部结构。电脑能思考吗?这取决于你如何理解“ 思考”的含义。如果解一道数学题可算“思考” 的话，那么电脑也能“ 思考” ，而且速度比人快得多。当然，大多数数学题只需通过机器不断重复某种简单的过程，就能得到解决。如今，即便简单的电脑也能胜任这一工作。人们常说，电脑之所以能解决问题，只是因为它们被输入了解决问题的“程序” 。它们只能做人让它们做的事。我们应该记住，人类同样也只能按“程序” 办事。受精卵一形成，基因就给我们编好了“程序” ，我们的潜

9、力也就要受到这个 “程序”的限制。不过，我们的“ 程序”要复杂得多因此我们更喜欢用创造力来界定“思考”的意义。有了这种创造力，就能写出伟大的剧本，创作不朽的乐章，提出卓越的科学理论，创立深奥的伦理观点。从这个意义上讲，电脑当然不能思考，人类的大多数也做不到。可是，如果能把电脑造得足够复杂的话，那它一定能像人一样富于创造力。倘若电脑能像人脑那样复杂，它就能与人脑旗鼓相当，完成人脑所能做的一切。2012 年扬州大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 国际货币基金组织2 【正确答案】 消费者物价指数3 【正确答案】 全国人民代表大会4 【正确答案】 国际直拨电话5 【正确答案】 亚

10、太经合组织6 【正确答案】 十四行诗7 【正确答案】 句法8 【正确答案】 A 股9 【正确答案】 主角10 【正确答案】 音译11 【正确答案】 恋母情结12 【正确答案】 华尔街日报13 【正确答案】 美元升值14 【正确答案】 解放宣言15 【正确答案】 联合国安全理事会汉译英16 【正确答案】 interpersonal function17 【正确答案】 aesthetic function18 【正确答案】 pulldown menu19 【正确答案】 floppy disk driver20 【正确答案】 recessiveness21 【正确答案】 imaginal think

11、ing22 【正确答案】 Chinese rose23 【正确答案】 deficiency of vital energy24 【正确答案】 compound sentence25 【正确答案】 encode26 【正确答案】 pragmatics27 【正确答案】 multicolored28 【正确答案】 international literature29 【正确答案】 parataxis30 【正确答案】 intertextuality英译汉31 【正确答案】 家务事的第一个特点就是反反复复。天天会有或者顺手就会有，做完之后，过一段时间还得重做。在这方面，它与几年前盛行的“即兴剧” 里

12、的表演可正好相反。即兴剧根本不会重复，不是凭空想象就是心血来潮，谁也不知道会发生什么。与之相比，家务事，不管喜不喜欢，都可以提前预见。我知道明天肯定要再做一遍这种例行公事，而且家务事是出于实际需求，而不是一时兴起。32 【正确答案】 随着时间流逝，我们变得麻木不仁，而且容易伤害他人的感情。后来，我们感到内心愧疚、情绪低落的时候，朋友可以帮我们稳定心绪。这种积极的相互作用对健康非常有益，比看心理医生顶用多了。青少年和老年这两个阶段，对友谊有着迫切需求。在前一个阶段，青少年为不确定性以及混合的各种感情所困扰。而后一个阶段，老年人烦恼自己没有用而且人生没有意义。在这两个例子中，朋友都可以起到很重要的

13、作用。有了亲密的朋友，人们就有了勇气和积极的态度。青少年有了维护他们个性的精神支持，老年人可以乐观地面对老年生活，并对生活充满兴趣。要想化解这两个人生阶段的内在危机，这种乐观的看法是至关重要的。汉译英33 【正确答案】 Even the most complicated computer man has yet built cant compare in intricacy with the brain. Computer switches and components number in the thousands rather than in the billions. What s mo

14、re, the computer switch is just an on-off device, whereas the brain composes of a tremendously complex structure.Can a computer think? That depends on what you mean by “think“. If solving a mathematical problem is “thinking“, then a computer can “think“ and do so much faster than a man. Of course, m

15、ost mathematical problems can be solved quite mechanically by repeating certain straight-forward processes over and over again. Even the simple computers today can be geared for that.Our “program“ is so much more e-normously complex, though, that we might like to define “thinking“ in terms of the cr

16、eativity that goes into writing a great play or composing a great symphony, conceiving a brilliant scientific theory or a profound ethical judgment. In that sense, computers certainly cant think and neither can most humans.Surely, though, if a computer can be made complex enough, it can be as creative as we are. If it could be made as complex as a human brain, it could be equivalent to a human brain and do whatever a human brain can do.