[考研类试卷]2012年考研英语（二）真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2012 年考研英语（二）真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but thats no

2、t how it used to be. To the men and women who【 C1】_in World War II and the people they liberated, the GI. was the【C2】_man grown into hero, the pool farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who【C3】_all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the【C4】_of food and shelter, w

3、ho stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 【C5】 _an average guy, up【C6】_the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name isnt much. GI. is just a military abbreviation【C7】_Government Issue

4、, and it was on all of the articles【C8】_to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 【C9】_it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Magrac . a working class name. The United States has 【C10】_had a president or vice-president or secretary of state Joe.GI. Joe had a【C11 】_career fighting German, Japanes

5、e, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a【C12】_of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle【C13】_portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the【C14 】_side of the wa

6、r, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were【C15】_or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports【C16】_the“Willie“cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden.Both men【C17】_.the dirt and exhaustion of war, the【C18】_of civilization that the soldiers shared

7、 with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 【C19】_Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, 【C20】_the most important person in their lives.1 【C1 】（A）performed（B） served（C） rebelled（D）betrayed2 【C2 】（A）actual（B） common（C） special（

8、D）normal3 【C3 】（A）bore（B） cased（C） removed（D）loaded4 【C4 】（A）necessities（B） facilities（C） commodities（D）properties5 【C5 】（A）and（B） nor（C） but（D）hence6 【C6 】（A）for（B） into（C） form（D）against7 【C7 】（A）meaning（B） implying（C） symbolizing（D）claiming8 【C8 】（A）handed out（B） turned over（C） brought back（D）pas

9、sed down9 【C9 】（A）pushed（B） got（C） made（D）managed10 【C10 】（A）ever（B） never（C） either（D）neither11 【C11 】（A）disguised（B） disturbed（C） disputed（D）distinguished12 【C12 】（A）company（B） collection（C） community（D）colony13 【C13 】（A）employed（B） appointed（C） interviewed（D）questioned14 【C14 】（A）ethical（B） milit

10、ary（C） political（D）human15 【C15 】（A）ruined（B） commuted（C） patrolled（D）gained16 【C16 】（A）paralleled（B） counteracted（C） duplicated（D）contradicted17 【C17 】（A）neglected（B） avoided（C） emphasized（D）admired18 【C18 】（A）stages（B） illusions（C） fragments（D）advances19 【C19 】（A）With（B） To（C） Among（D）Beyond20 【C2

11、0 】（A）on the contrary（B） by this means（C） from the outset（D）at that pointPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it

12、has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L. A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may n

13、o longer count for more than 10% of a students academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students ca

14、nnot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homewo

15、rk will still be a part of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tes

16、ts without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At

17、 the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matter

18、s, it should account for a significant portion of the grade. Meanwhile this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rul

19、es should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for. setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L. A. Unified to do homework right.21 It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_.（A）is receiving more criticism（

20、B） is no longer an educational ritual（C） is not required for advanced courses（D）is gaining more preferences22 L. A. Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students（A）tend to have moderate expectations for their education（B） have asked for a different educational standard（C） may

21、 have problems finishing their homework（D）have voiced their complaints about homework23 According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may_.（A）discourage students from doing homework（B） result in students indifference to their report cards（C） undermine the authority of state tests（D

22、）restrict teachers power in education24 As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether_.（A）it should be eliminated（B） it counts much in schooling（C） it places extra burdens on teachers（D）it is important for grades25 A suitable title for this text could be _（A）Wrong

23、Interpretation of an Educational Policy（B） A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students（C） Thorny Questions about Homework（D）A Faulty Approach to Homework25 Pretty in pink; adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. It is not that pink is intr

24、insically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. L

25、ooking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests.Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until

26、 the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, p

27、ink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a domin

28、ant childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realized how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to k

29、ids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as a ma

30、rketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone“ between infant wear and older kids clothes. It was only after “toddler“ became a common shoppers term that it evolved int

31、o a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differencesor invent them where they did not previously exist.26 By saying “it is. the ra

32、inbow“(Line 3, Para. 1) ,the author means pink_.（A）should not be the sole representation of girlhood（B） should not be associated with girls innocence（C） cannot explain girls lack of imagination（D）cannot influence girls lives and interests27 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of

33、 colours?（A）Colours are encoded in girls DNA.（B） Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.（C） Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolizing genders.（D）White is preferred by babies.28 The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was much influenced by .（A）t

34、he marketing of products for children（B） the observation of childrens nature（C） researches into childrens behavior（D）studies of childhood consumption29 We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_.（A）focus on infant wear and older kids clothes（B） attach equal importance to d

35、ifferent genders（C） classify consumers into smaller groups（D）create some common shoppers terms30 It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be_.（A）clearly explained by their inborn tendency（B） fully understood by clothing manufacturers（C） mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen（D

36、）well interpreted by psychological experts30 In 2010, a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decadesby 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violen

37、tly agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members that this was just a “preliminary step“ in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indee

38、d hold patents to two genes that help forecast a womans risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad, a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myria

39、d case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents; a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriads. A growing number seem

40、 to agree. Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated. DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature. than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seed

41、s. “Despite the appeals courts decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even g

42、reater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA moleculesmost are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drugs efficacy. Companies a

43、re eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,“ explains Hans Sauer, a lawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to

44、coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31 It can be learned from paragraph 1 that the biotech companies would like_.（A）their executives to be active（B） judges to rule out gene patenting（C） genes to be patentable（D）the BIO to issue a warning32 Those who are again

45、st gene patents believe that_.（A）genetic tests are not reliable（B） only man-made products are patentable（C） patents on genes depend much on innovation（D）courts should restrict access to genetic tests33 According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for_.（A）establishing disease correlati

46、ons（B） discovering gene interactions（C） drawing pictures of genes（D）identifying human DNA34 By saying “each meeting was packed“ (Line 4, Para. 6) the author means that（A）the supreme court was authoritative（B） the BIO was a powerful organization（C） gene patenting was a great concern（D）lawyers were ke

47、en to attend conventions35 Generally speaking, the authors attitude toward gene patenting is（A）critical（B） supportive（C） scornful（D）objective35 The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character

48、 of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had im

49、proved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, the