[考研类试卷]2013年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2013 年北京航空航天大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、选词填空0 Building trust among key stakeholders is a strategic concern for any corporation. Today,【C1 】_companies seek to improve their reputations, they cant ignore the environment. These issues are not only top of mind among consumers but also【C2】_by almost half of

2、the survey respondents as an area in which corporations have a negative impact on society【C3】_they pollute and otherwise damage【C4】_ecosystems.Each company must analyze what role environmental issues and climate change can and should【C5】_in its strategies. For some, building trust among【C6】_and seiz

3、ing an important business opportunity can【C7】_hand in hand. A packaged-goods company that introduces smaller containers【C8】_of recycled pulp products, for example, not only stands to benefit from lower materials and transportation【C9】_but also visibly contributes to the reduction of【C10】_gas emissio

4、ns.But many corporations would be wrong to focus almost all of their societal efforts【C11】_environmental issues and to forget about【C12】_that are important in their industries. In retailing, for example, our consumer research suggests that【C13】_such as reducing energy consumption and【C14】_environmen

5、t-friendly products are important for winning credibility as a socially responsible【C15】_The most burning issue for this industry,【C16】_, is the way global retailers treat their employees, so companies should address that one as 【C17】_Indeed, when asked which specific area would be most effective if

6、 large corporations wanted to raise their overall【C18】_, 19 percent of consumers said that companies should improve the benefits and conditions of【C19】_employees, 17 percent that they ought to become more environmentally【C20】_.1 【C1 】2 【C2 】3 【C3 】4 【C4 】5 【C5 】6 【C6 】7 【C7 】8 【C8 】9 【C9 】10 【C10 】1

7、1 【C11 】12 【C12 】13 【C13 】14 【C14 】15 【C15 】16 【C16 】17 【C17 】18 【C18 】19 【C19 】20 【C20 】二、选择题21 She had to exercise all her_to prevent clashes between the two opinionated guests.（A）tacks（B） tactics（C） tarts（D）thinks22 His_behavior shows that hes honest, but he seems rude to some people.（A）forehead（

8、B） degenerate（C） forthright（D）forming23 The right of citizens to vote shall not be denied or abridged on account of race, color, or previous condition of_.（A）simulation（B） solitude（C） seclusion（D）servitude24 Doubt and mistrust could creep into our lives, _personal and professional relationships.（A）c

9、onverting（B） corresponding（C） consoling（D）corroding25 Dramatic literature often_the history of a culture in that it takes as its subject matter the important events that have shaped and guided the culture.（A）confounds（B） repudiates（C） recapitulates（D）anticipates26 Contrary to the popular conception

10、that it is powered by conscious objectivity, science often operates through error, happy accidents, _and persistence in spite of mistakes.（A）fact（B） controls（C） hunches（D）deductions27 Compared with their parties, politicians are _: they are considerably less enduring than the organizations in which

11、they function.（A）ubiquitous（B） autonomous（C） transitory（D）fickle28 Researchers_that genes may determine the strength of the immune system, which could help explain how an infectious disease could have a hereditary link.（A）evaluate（B） estimate（C） speculate（D）anticipate29 The writer has gained such po

12、pularity with his readers that even his inanities are now considered（A）trenchant（B） vacuous（C） speculative（D）allusive30 The idealized paintings of nature produced in the eighteenth century are evidence that the medieval_ natural settings had been _ and that the outdoors now could be enjoyed without

13、trepidation.（A）fear of.exorcised（B） concerns about.regained（C） affection for. surmounted（D）disinterest in. alleviated31 The river was_with industrial waste from the nearby factory.（A）irradiated（B） corrupted（C） contaminated（D）fragmented32 Nonviolent demonstrations often create such tensions that a co

14、mmunity that has constantly refused to_its injustices is forced to correct them: the injustices can no longer be_.（A）acknowledge.ignored（B） decrease.verified（C） tolerate.accepted（D）address.eliminated33 In order to be successful in life, one needs to_ in spite of lifes challenges.（A）perpetuate（B） per

15、severe（C） preserve（D）pretend34 Despite the fact that the book promises a complete rethinking of the factors contributing to the conflict, the picture that the book paints is_: the causes it suggests are more orthodox than_.（A）unique. innovative（B） commonplace. imitative（C） controversial.radical（D）fa

16、miliar.revisionist35 The belief that science destroys the arts appears to be supported by historical evidence that the arts have_only when the sciences have been_.（A）declined.attacked（B） flourished.neglected（C） matured. unconcerned（D）succeeded. developed36 _. Scholars hold differing opinions. Some t

17、race the roots of Chicanos in the United States all the way back to the earliest migrations across the Bering Strait. Others start with Aztec society to demonstrate the historical continuities between contemporary Chicanos and their Aztec ancestors. A third group identifies the “Spanish Borderlands“

18、 period(1540 - 1820)as the earliest phase of Chicano history.（A）When does Chicano history begin?（B） There is continuing interest in Chicano history.（C） Chicano history has fascinated scholars for many years.（D）Few are concerned about setting a precise date for the origin of Chicano history.37 Many E

19、asterners think that all California college students surf every day, wear sunglasses indoors as well as outdoors(even on rainy days), and mingle with the superstars daily. _. A recent survey of students on a large, urban CSU campus revealed that only 2 percent had surfed, and although 40 percent did

20、 wear sunglasses, 15 percent of those were doing so on their doctors recommendations. As for the superstars, barely 10 percent had met a Hollywood actor.（A）The possibilities of such stereotypes are endless.（B） Stereotypes, however, are often misleading.（C） Probably both Easterners and Californians w

21、ould like to fit all of those stereotypes.（D）Most California students do live up to those enviable stereotypes.38 Accompanying the article on humor were pictures of a leering Groucho Marx and a grinning Sigmund Freud, one a brilliant humorist and the other a brilliant analyst whose own study of humo

22、r has been largely ignored. The unlikely pair attracted readers to the article, whose author made two major points. Serious studies of humor are rarely undertaken. _.（A）Comics would urge us to laugh, not soberly to study laughter.（B） What a joke a Freudian analysis of the Marx Brothers would have be

23、en.（C） The studies that are made are rarely taken seriously.（D）Freud was interested in all aspects of the human mind.39 Another area that technology is changing our way of life is entertainment. _. People listened to music in concert halls or at small social gatherings. For many people now however,

24、music is a solitary experience.（A）Entertainment was once an activity enjoyed by a group of people.（B） The changes in entertainment is only one casein point.（C） Music was once favored by many people, old and young.（D）Music, for instance, was once a group experience.40 As researchers on aging noted re

25、cently, no treatment on the market today has been proved to slow human aging. _. Those findings suggest that caloric restriction could delay aging and increase longevity in humans, too.（A）And scientists found that rats fed a low-calorie diet lived longer on average than free-feeding rats and also ha

26、d a reduced incidence of conditions that become increasingly common in old age.（B） But one intervention, consumption of a low-calorie yet nutritionally balanced diet, works incredibly well in a broad range of animals, increasing longevity and prolonging good health.（C） Whats more, animals eating low

27、-calorie diet survived longer than those eating normally, which means that the maximum life span increased.（D）In addition, studies with monkeys demonstrated that calorie-restricted monkeys have lower blood pressure and a decreased likelihood of heart disease.41 ASo on that perfect October morning, I

28、 stopped Carlos and said, Bpoint-blank, “It doesnt seem to Cbother youDto be short, I mean. “42 AWhat is limiting the realization of the opportunity Bare the absence of relevant ideals Cin the minds of the people Dwho are using and developing and innovating these technologies. “43 Bernstein and his

29、colleagues Aassembled a group of Bliberally-minded citizens from Boulder and a separate group of Cconservatives from Colorado Springs Dto discuss climate change, same-sex civil unions, and affirmative action.44 A garden is Aan extension of oneselfor selvesand so it Bhas to be an arena Cwhere strivin

30、g does not cease, but continues Din other means.45 Only the gardener Ais capable of endlessly reviving Bso much hope that this year, Cregardless of drought, flood, typhoon, or his own stupidity, this year Dis going to do it right!46 AUnless a journalist for a major paper or TV network is found Bto h

31、ave run a false storyperhaps because it was “Ctoo good to check“then his or her career Dis generally over.47 AAs it is, though, I cannot deny that when April comes I find myself Bgo out to lean on the fence and look at that miserable plot of land, Cresolving with all my rational powers Dnot to plant

32、 it again.48 There was the Ahighly regarded foreign correspondent who won a prize for articles Bwhich included an interview with a top Taleban official Cwho turned out Dnot exist at all.49 But then, Aboth through some mistakes or lack of care, the plant began Bto wither and decline, and Cnothing I d

33、id Dwould bring it back to health.50 This most important measurement Ahas omitted in the studies of the quality of education in this country, the only one, I think, Bthat extends Ceven to children the license to freely speak, write and Dbe creative.51 The No Child Left Behind law, which Amarks its s

34、ixth anniversary next month, is the first federal effort Bto hold all public K-12 schools accountable Cto the performance of Dtheir students.52 If that kind of thing Ahad happened when I Bhad been young, the whole village would have condemned Csuch an ungrateful son, and his father Dwould surely hav

35、e given him a good beating.53 He Asat in front of the young people, his dusty face Bmasking his age, Cdressed in a plain brown suit that did not Dfit for him.54 ABy studying geometry, students Bcan learn Cwhat to develop logical arguments Dthrough deductive reasoning.55 So he could not resist the te

36、mptation to Aplay a little joke on the education system, which Bhad been thrown into Csuch a panic by the Dsuccessfully launching of the Russian Sputnik.56 Schools must Ameet their annual goals for all students and those same goals for specified student subgroups, Bincludes members of racial and eth

37、nic minorities, Ceconomically disadvantaged students, English-language learners, and children with Ddisabilities.57 Although Interact Ahas the capacity to bring people together, Btoo often the associations formed online Ccomprising self-selecting groups with little diversity of opinion, Dexplains th

38、e Frankfurter professor of law.58 If more students Aare thriving in higher education, high schools must Bnot only help them earn good grades in demanding courses, but also Cstep up their work to guide them through the difficult process of Dchoosing and applying to colleges.59 Evolution Ais always ab

39、out competition, but for humans, Bwith Darwin speculated, competition among groups Chas turned us into pretty cooperative, empathetic and altruistic creaturesDat least within our families, groups and sometimes nations.60 The new approach Achallenges the new atheists, who Bsee themselves involve in a

40、 war of Creason against faith and who have an unwarranted faith in the power of pure reason and Din the purity of their own reasoning.61 _is the hometown of Shakespeare?（A）Stratford（B） London（C） Liverpool（D）Edinburgh62 _is a Democratic president of the U. S.（A）Theodore Roosevelt（B） George W. Bush（C）

41、 Bill Clinton（D）Abraham Lincoln63 The 9/11 Attacks were a series of four coordinated suicide attacks upon the United States in the New York City and the Washington D.C.areas in September of_.（A）2000（B） 2001（C） 1999（D）199864 Wimbledon tennis tournament is held in_each summer.（A）the U.K.（B） the U.S.（C

42、） Canada（D）Australia65 The highest office in the judiciary in the U. K. is_.（A）the Lord Chancellor（B） the Prime minister（C） the Secretary of State（D）the Queen66 The _ grew up within the relative economic prosperity of the 1950s and 1960s, who created the counterculture of the 1960s.（A）Generation Xer

43、s（B） Generation Yers（C） Baby Boomers（D）Generation Zers67 Queen Victoria was the Monarch of the U. K. during the period from_.（A）1066 tol089（B） 1837 to 1901（C） 1558 to 1603（D）1981 to 198968 In the American welfare reform of 1996, AFDC was changed from an open-ended entitlement program to a block gran

44、t program called_.（A）TANF（B） Medicaid（C） Medicare（D）SSI69 Historians refer to the years between the Civil War and the start of the 20th century in the U. S. history as the_, an era of industrial giants.（A）Golden Age（B） Permissive Age（C） Gilded Age（D）Jazz Age70 The faith of “Devine Rights of the King

45、“ was held by James I of the House of_.（A）Plantagenet（B） Tudor（C） Windsor（D）Stuart71 The 16th century English Renaissance boomed under the reign of_.（A）Mary Tudor（B） Elizabeth I（C） Henry II（D）Henry VIII72 The following were the welfare benefits granted in cash in the U. S. except_.（A）SSI（B） TANF（C）

46、Medicaid（D）Unemployment Compensations73 After_, England entered the age of Feudalism.（A）the Roman invasion（B） the arrival and settlement of Celts（C） the Norman Conquest（D）the Viking and Danish invasion74 In the U. S. _ is the language secondary only to English in terms of the number of speakers.（A）F

47、rench（B） Dutch（C） Spanish（D）Chinese75 _has/have consistently been regarded with pride by the majority of British people.（A）Public housing（B） The Department of Social Security（C） Trade unions（D）The National Health Service76 In 1944 Congress passed the Servicemens Readjustment Act, popularly called th

48、e _ which granted financial aid to the veterans to go to college.（A）Miranda Warnings（B） Bill of Rights（C） G. I. Bill of Rights（D）Equal Rights Amendment77 _abolished slavery in the U. S.（A）The Civil Rights Act of 1964（B） The Voting Rights Act of 1965（C） The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863（D）The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution of 186578 _was practiced on the Island of Great Britain before Christianity was brought there.（A）Islam（B） Judaism（C） Druidism（D）Presbyterianism79 The main criticisms of the post-war practice of universal state welfare provision were advocated