[考研类试卷]2013年对外经济贸易大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2013 年对外经济贸易大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷及答案与解析一、翻译1 Paraphrase each of the following passages. Try not to copy the original sentences. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(10% , 5 points each).“The Antarctic is the vast source of cold on our planet, just as the sun is the source of our heat, and it exerts trem

2、endous control on our climate, “JacquesCousteau told the camera. “ The cold ocean water around Antarctica flows north to mix with warmer water from the tropics, and its upwelling helps to cool both the surface water and our atmosphere. Yet the fragility of this regulating system is now threatened by

3、 human activity. “(From “Captain Cousteau“)2 “While the Sears Tower is arguably the greatest achievement in skyscraper engineering so far, its unlikely that architects and engineers have abandoned the quest for the worlds tallest building. The question is: Just how high can a building go? Structural

4、 engineer William LeMessurier has designed a skyscraper nearly one-half mile high, twice as tall as the Sears Tower. And architect Robert Sobel claims that existing technology could produce a 500-story building. “(From Ron Bachman)二、阅读理解2 Mayor Tom Bradley calls Los Angeles “ the most ethnically div

5、erse city in the world, “ and hes surely right. Los Angeles is the new Ellis Island, the place futurists tout as the America of tomorrow. The demographic changes that are beginning to transform the rest of the country are here already. Just a decade ago, Los Angeles was largely white and homogeneous

6、. Today there are no majorities. The 1990 census says the city is 40 percent Latino, 37 percent Anglo and 23 percent black and Asian. Thanks to immigrationlegal and illegalgreater Los Angeles has nearly as many Mexicans as Monterrey, more Salvadorans than any city but San Salvador and the largest Ko

7、rean, Taiwanese, Chinese and Philippine populations in the country. Nearly 100 languages are spoken in the citys schools. More than 300, 000 newcomers flood in each year, pitting blacks against Hispanics and Asians for jobs and housing in a city where both are scarce.Los Angeles has not been a trium

8、ph for the melting pot, at least not yet. Even before the riots, it sometimes resembled a city under siege. Los Angeles is a town where merchants pack guns, where inner-city neighborhoods are divided into precincts with names like “ Little Beirut“ or “ the Kill Zone, “ where wealthy neighborhoods ar

9、e fenced off and posted with warnings Of ARMED RESPONSE. “This is a bunker mentality, “ says the head of one of L. A. s 3, 500 private security firms. Lacking any center, barricaded into nervous camps, Los Angeles has little common ground upon which its diverse citizenry can meet.Nowhere in the coun

10、try is the gap between rich and poor so evident; nowhere are racial or ethnic relations so complex. Mexicans mistrust Central Americans. Hispanics and Asians coexist uneasily in many neighborhoods. Black looters who torched Asian markets justified themselves as avenging perceived racism. Amid the so

11、cial fragmentation, blacks are especially isolated. Once southern Californias ascendant minority, African-Americans represent only 13 percent of the citys population, and that percentage is shrinking. L. A. s Latinos, by contrast, doubled over the past decade, all but displacing blacks in Watts, hom

12、e of the 1965 riots, and encroaching on African-American neighborhoods throughout the city.There are no quick fixes to such profound social changes. Politicians will cobble together emergency economic and social programs. Ultimately, though, the solution to L. A. s crisis will be the very diversity

13、that now poses such challenges.Drive down Melrose Avenue and you are struck by the citys tremendous ethnic vitalityand its potential. Iranian and Russian restaurants vie with Jewish markets. Armenian exporters jostle Japanese importers. Thai Town gives way to Koreatown which gives way to Little Cent

14、ral America. This is more than a festival of international cuisine. These are thriving businesses with spreading links to greater Los Angeles and beyond. “ L. A. is Americas first true world city, “ says Safi Qureshey, a Pakistani immigrant whose company, AST Research, Inc. , has become the third la

15、rgest U. S. computer exporter.You hear a lot of talk these days about Pacific Rim-ism, and how ethnic diversity is the key to the 21st century. In L. A. , much of that talk is true. Malaysian or Thai businessmen in Los Angeles keep their links to their homelands. Commerce often follows. “This is the

16、 modern version of the traditional melting pot, “ says Phil Burgess at the Center for the New West. “These new Americans learn English. They plug into the system. But they assimilate us as much as we assimilate them. “Many of these successes are in neighborhoods that today seem so troubled. Asian co

17、mmunities are quickly vaulting into the middle class. If some Hispanic neighborhoods seem overrun with impoverished newcomers, others are becoming established centers of enterprise. Significantly, Hispanic neighborhoods were largely spared from rioting and looting. The reason is part economics, part

18、 ethnicity. Latinos and Asians have a stake in the city in a way that most blacks have not, explains L. A. sociologist Joel Kotkin. “They start more businesses and buy their homes. You dont torch what you own. “ Whats more, Asians and Latinos generally stay put once they make it, spreading their wea

19、lth to their neighbors. Blacks, by contrast, tend to behave like many whites. They head for the suburbs, leaving behind a black “community“ of predominantly young poor.That isolation must end if Los Angeles is to recover and prosperand it may well end sooner rather than later. The wealth generated b

20、y thriving ethnic businesses will raise the communities around them. That day may be too far off for the rioters, but whats encouraging is that so many Angelenos still managed to see that vision through the smoke of L. A. s fires. 3 Which of the following is NOT true about Los Angeles?（A）Immigration

21、 makes it the most ethnically diverse city in the world.（B） There are not enough jobs and houses for the immigrants.（C） Latino accounts for the largest percentage of the population.（D）Some people came to settle down in L.A.through illegal means.4 Which of the following can best describe the city acc

22、ording to the author?（A）People of many different cultures mingle well in the city.（B） Among different ethnic groups there are constant conflicts.（C） Little communication takes place because of language barriers.（D）Rich people are a threat to the rest of the people in the city.5 Among all the groups

23、of people, the population of_is shrinking and its people are isolated.（A）Mexicans（B） Hispanics（C） Asians（D）African-Americans6 To adapt to the social changes, the way out for L.A.may be_.（A）what causes the problemsdiversity（B） some effective economic and social programs（C） a festival of international

24、 cuisine（D）getting people to move out of the city7 “You dont torch what you own“ means_.（A）You dont give what you have created to others.（B） You dont want others to destroy your property.（C） You dont want to destroy your own property.（D）You are not satisfied with what you have.7 South Korea wallows

25、in existential angstThe phenomenal success of Gangnam Style, a video by Korean rap artist Psy that has been viewed 280m times, is a quirky(and rather catchy)indication of South Koreas rising fortunes. The dance video gently sends up the nouveau-riche, plastic surgery-enhanced lifestyle that has been

26、 made possible by an economic transformation so extraordinary it is known as “ the miracle on the Han River“.But something curious is happening. Just as South Korea is growing more confident on the world stageculturally, economically and diplomaticallyit is going through something of an existential

27、crisis at home. Suicides are drastically higher, fertility is perilously low and the electorate is flirting with the idea of jettisoning traditional presidential candidates in favour of an untested IT entrepreneur.It seems an odd moment to be having a national nervous breakdown. Samsung and Hyundai

28、have established themselves as premier consumer brands from Canberra to Cupertino. Koreas per capita income of $30, 000 is fast closing in on the EU average of $33, 000. And whether it is winning $ 20bn nuclear contracts in Abu Dhabi, pouring money into emerging markets such as India, China and Braz

29、il, or vying with Japan to be Washingtons best friend in Asia, Seoul is having a global impact as never before.That is not how it feels at home. The more that the residents of the fashionable Gangnam district live it up, the more Koreans feel their economic model is skewed towards a privileged elite

30、. Some statistics suggest Korea is among the most unequal of advanced countries. Chaebol conglomerates, the pride of the nation abroad, are considered by many to be economic bullies at home, blamed for squeezing suppliers and pushing small businesses into bankruptcy.Whatever the impressive macroecon

31、omic data suggest, more Koreans feel poor, overworked and weighed down by social pressures. Chief among their concerns is the stress and expense of putting their children through “exam hell“ , even in the knowledge that there are too many graduates chasing too few well-paid jobs. No wonder Koreas bi

32、rth rate has plummetedto 1. 23, well below the 2. 2 replacement rate and lower even than Japan, at 1.4.The outgoing conservative government of Lee Myung-bak was good at putting on an international show. It hosted the G20 summit with aplomb. It attracted attention with its “green growth“ agenda. But

33、John Delury, assistant professor at Yonsei university, says it neglected domestic social and economic issues. Suicide rates have doubled over the past decade and are now the main cause of death for people under 40. The position of women has advanced at a much slower pace than the economy.Nowhere is

34、the sense of dissatisfaction more apparent than in the campaign for Decembers presidential election. The surprise package has been Ahn Chul-soo, a university professor and founder of Ahnlab, an antivirus company, who has gained a cult following especially among Korean youth. The 50-year-old independ

35、enta sort of “anti-politician“is polling above 40 per cent even though he only declared his presidential ambition this month. Mr. Ahn is funning against two establishment figures. Park Geun-hye is a conservative from the same party as the presidential incumbent. On the liberal establishment side, th

36、e Democratic United party has selected Moon Jae-in, aide to a former president.It is a measure of how much Koreans want a break from the past that Ms. Park saw fit this week to apologize for the human rights abuses of her father, the dictator Park Chung-hee, who ran the country for 18 years until he

37、 was assassinated in 1979.(On hearing of his fate, his pragmatic daughters first words were said to have been “Is the border secure?“)Ms. Park has felt it necessary to ditch her impeccably conservative credentials by moving towards the centre. She has taken to talking about “ economic democratisatio

38、n“ , a buzz phrase that embraces the idea of weakening the stranglehold of chaebol and fostering a more even distribution of wealth.Mr. Ahn, whose supporters compare him with Barack Obamathe promising 2008 vintage, not the corked 2012 versionrepresents a rejection of old-style polities. “Moon is the

39、 man of the past, Park is a relic of the past, Ahn is the man of the future, “ is how Jang Sung-min, a former parliamentarian puts it.The three-way race makes the election result highly unpredictable. Many expect Mr. Ahn and Mr. Moon to come to some sort of last-minute pact. If they do not, they ris

40、k splitting the liberal vote and handing victory to Ms. Park, a result that would appear to be at odds with the anti-establishment mood.One possible interpretation of the political mess in general and the popularity of the political novice Mr. Ahn in particular is that Korea is going through a crisi

41、s of democratic legitimacy. That would be quite the wrong conclusion. The country that threw off dictatorship in 1987 is now as robust, if imperfect, a democracy as any in Asia, a rebuke to those who argue that Confucian societies or “Asian values“ are somehow incompatible with the ballot box. Far f

42、rom suggesting that democracy is failing Korea, the noisy tussle around the presidency shows a system adapting to the popular will. That, at least, should brighten the national mood.8 What does the author mean by “South Korea wallows in existential angst“?（A）South Korea is currently experiencing the

43、 existential anxiety.（B） South Korea now indulges in the existential anger.（C） South Korea ties itself with the existential logic.（D）South Korea is seeking a new way out of existential crisis.9 Of the following, what is NOT true about Koreas “existential crises at home“?（A）Koreans in general are hav

44、ing a nervous breakdown nationally.（B） Fertility is perilously low.（C） Suicides are drastically higher.（D）South Korea becomes ever more unconfident economically.10 Which of the following statements is TRUE about Chaebol conglomerates?（A）They are not considered economic bullies at home.（B） They are r

45、egarded as pride of the nation abroad.（C） They have nothing to do with pushing small businesses to bankruptcy.（D）All of above.11 Compared with Barack Obama, what is the image of Mr. Ahn in his supporters eyes?（A）He is an establishment figure.（B） He is from a minority group that represents the past.（

46、C） He has working experience in an enterprise as Obama does.（D）He represents a rejection of old-style and man of the future.12 According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE on Koreas democracy?（A）It has a bright future.（B） The democracy is faring in South Korea.（C） Korea is going through

47、a crisis of democratic legitimacy.（D）Confucian societies or “Asian values“ are incompatible with the democracy.三、选词填空12 Choose the correct headings for each of the following paragraphs marked with B to F. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET(15 points, 3 points each).List of Headingsi. Read all abo

48、ut itii. Its easier than ever to buy culture.iii. culture warsiv. Fueling the explosionv. Cultural abundance unlike a building boomvi. Weve reached a tipping point, or at least turned a corner.vii. Informal relationsviii. Anyone can be a maker of culture.ix. Whatever happened to the television test

49、pattern?Example Answer Paragraph A ixA No more than 20 years ago, most TV stations routinely signed off the air for at least a few hours a day. At the end of their broadcast period, stations would slap a test pattern up on the screen until the next mornings programming began. The test patternoccasionally an absurd drawing of a Native American but more often a simple geometric shape adorned with call letterswas a great symbol of cultural dead space, of a moment when nothing was happening, when nothing w