[考研类试卷]2014年北京科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2014 年北京科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 IAEA2 CNP3 Gini coefficient4 carbon tax5 resource recycling6 quantitative easing7 genetically modified food8 urbanization ratio汉译英9 核心竞争力10 资源配置11 绿色增长12 可燃冰13 社交网络14 雾霾15 碳交易英译汉16 In 1992, Deng underscored the need to follow through on the “modernization“ course tha

2、t he initiated in the 1980s and he emphasized the need for the economy to strengthen investment and become far more export-oriented. These policies, pursued by Dengs successors, spurred extraordinary overall economic growth including the emergence from poverty into the mainstream of hundreds of mill

3、ions of Chinese.Now, however, Xi and Li accept that the era of double-digit annual GDP growth has ended. They are building Communist Party supportand this is why the forthcoming plenary session is importantfor rapid action on an economic agenda that they hope can deliver sustained annual growth of b

4、etween 7 and 7.5 percent.17 Seven years ago Beijings government set a target of making the city a “livable“ one by 2020, with “fresh air and a beautiful environment“. Few praise its progress. Complaints abound about its congestion, pollution, desperate shortage of water and hugely expensive housing.

5、 Even in the state-controlled media, suggestions are sometimes made that it is time to build a new capital.Beijing has been Chinas capital for most of the past 600 years. Since the Communist victory in 1949, the Chinese have been taught to revere the city as an embodiment of Chinas power, the partys

6、 might and their country s glorious history. To propose a move strikes many as heretical. In recent years, however, some have broken ranks. In 2000 even Chinas then Prime Minister, Zhu Rongji, joined the sceptics. The capital, he declared, might have to move if measures to curb its sandstorms failed

7、.Since then officials have claimed some success in reducing the frequency of these lung-clogging calamities. But other problems have grown. Beijingers fed up with traffic gridlock sometimes pronounce the word “shoudu“, meaning capital, in a different tone so that it sounds like “the most congested“.

8、 For much of the year a grey blanket of pollutants shrouds the city. The rate of birth defects has doubled over the past decade. The environment is thought to be a contributory factor. Several scholars have suggested, in newspapers as well as online, that these and other problems would best be solve

9、d by relocating the central government.Beijings bureaucrats are unlikely to be persuaded. Their privileges, common to all those registered as Beijing citizens (i.e. not migrants from other provinces), include readier access than most other Chinese have to some of the countrys best educational and me

10、dical facilities. Some local officials in places favored by scholars as potential capital sites have been proclaiming their merits. But given the allure of Beijings amenities, it is little wonder that the central authorities keep quiet.汉译英18 今年是中国发展进程中不平凡的一年。中国新一届中央领导集体提出实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦，带领 13 亿中国人民朝着

11、实现“两个一百年” 的奋斗目标迈进。这就是，到 2020 年全面建成小康社会，到 21 世纪中叶建成社会主义现代化国家。走过五千载岁月沧桑，历经一百年兴衰沉浮，当代中国站到了新的历史起点上。未来的中国，将会坚持一条什么样的发展道路，奉行什么样的内外政策，发挥什么样的国际作用，相信这些问题都是国际社会非常关心的。19 可持续发展的概念由 1992 年联合国环境和发展大会正式提出，但对中国人来讲并不陌生。天人合一、不能涸泽而渔等理念，是中国优秀传统文化的一部分，并传承至今。中国政府将可持续发展作为基本国策，强调不能再走先污染、后治理的老路，为子孙后代负责，为国际社会负责。我们正积极落实以人为本、全

12、面协调可持续的科学发展观，既发展经济，也保护好环境，维护人民的根本和长远利益。当前中国的新能源和可再生能源投资已经位居全球第一，森林覆盖率在 21 世纪的头十年内提高了 38，森林面积增加了 3651 万平方公里。2006 年至 2010 年期间，通过节能和提高能效累计节约 63 亿吨标准煤，相当于减少排放二氧化碳 146 亿吨。20112015 年，力争将单位 GDP 能耗降低16、单位 GDP 二氧化碳排放降低 17。2014 年北京科技大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 (International Atomic Energy Agency)国际原子能组织2 【正确

13、答案】 (Gross National Product)国民生产总值3 【正确答案】 基尼系数4 【正确答案】 碳税5 【正确答案】 资源再生6 【正确答案】 量化宽松7 【正确答案】 转基因食品8 【正确答案】 城镇化率汉译英9 【正确答案】 core competence10 【正确答案】 BBS the distribution of resources11 【正确答案】 green growth12 【正确答案】 flammable ice13 【正确答案】 social networks14 【正确答案】 fog and haze15 【正确答案】 carbon trading英译汉

14、16 【正确答案】 邓小平在 1992 年的讲话中强调，必须继续推进他在 20 世纪 80年启动的“现代化建设 ”进程，他还着重指出必须加大经济建设投资力度，显著提升出口导向型产业比重。邓小平的继承者贯彻实施了这些政策，实现了令人惊叹的整体经济增长，并使数亿中国人脱离贫穷，跻身于社会的主流。 但现如今习近平和李克强已经接受了一个事实，即 GDP 年均两位数字增长速度的时代已经结束。他们正在争取中共内部支持这也是即将召开的十八届三中全会如此重要的原因以迅速采取措施制定经济发展计划，他们希望这一计划能够实现年均 775的可持续经济增长。17 【正确答案】 7 年前，北京政府曾定下目标，要在 202

15、0 年之前将北京建设成为“空气清新、环境优美 ，的“ 宜居城市”。至今这方面鲜有进展。相反，人们却对北京拥堵的交通、严重的污染、极度的水资源短缺和高昂的房价怨声载道。现在即使是国家控制的媒体也提出迁都的建议。北京在过去的 600 年的大部分时间里一直都是中国的首都。自从 1949 年共产党胜利以来，中国人一直把北京尊为中国国力、党威和国家光辉历史的象征。对很多人来说，迁都这种提议简直就是异端。8然而最近几年中，一些人却发出了不同的声音。2000 年，中国当时的总理朱镕基也加入到“异端者” 的队伍。他指出，如果沙尘暴不能得到控制，迁都只是时间问题。从那时起，官方声称对于这些能使肺部堵塞的灾害的治

16、理初见成效。但与此同时，其他问题也在滋长。受够了交通拥堵的北京人有时在提及“首都” 时，会故意换个调子把它说成“ 首堵” ，讽刺北京是 “最拥堵的城市”。一年的大部分时间里，北京都被一层灰蒙蒙的污染物所笼罩。在过去十年里，北京新生儿的出生缺陷率增长了一倍。环境问题无疑是一个重要的因素。一些学者在报纸和网络上提议，解决这些问题的最好方法就是迁都。即便如此，北京的官僚们还是不太可能被说动。他们和所有拥有北京户口的人员居民(即非外省进京务工) 一样享有特权，包括比其他地区居民更容易享有中国最好的教育和医疗设施。一些被学者们提名为新都候选地区的官员们已经为本地做起了宣传。但北京的优势仍具有吸引力，难怪

17、中央当局对迁都的提议缄口不提。汉译英18 【正确答案】 This year has been an unusual one in Chinas development. Chinas new central leadership has put forward the Chinese dream of realizing the great renewal of the Chinese nation. And it is leading the 1.3 billion Chinese people in an endeavor to fulfill two centenary goals. n

18、amely, to finish building a society of initial prosperity in all respects by 2020 and to turn China into a modern socialist country by the mid-21st century. Having experienced profound changes in the past five thousand years and especially turbulence and rejuvenation in the past century, China has r

19、eached a new historical starting point today.What development path will China take in the future? What domestic and foreign policies will it pursue? And what kind of international role will it play? I understand these questions are of great interest to the international community.19 【正确答案】 The conce

20、pt of sustainable development was formally introduced at the UN Conference on Environment and Development in 1992. Yet the idea had never been new to the Chinese people. Concepts of harmony between man and nature and not to drain the pond to get all the fish have always been part of the fine traditi

21、onal Chinese culture and today they are as appealing as ever. Sustainable development is a basic state policy of China. The Chinese government makes it clear that we cannot repeat the old way of “pollution first, treatment afterwards“ and that we must be responsible for our future generations and th

22、e international community. We are now actively implementing a scientific out-look on development that puts people first and promotes comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development. We will develop the economy and, at the same time, protect the environment to safeguard the fundamental and lon

23、g-term interests of the people. China is now the worlds largest investor in new and renewable energies. In the first decade of the new century, the forest coverage in China increased by 3.8% or 365,100 square kilometers. From 2006 to 2010, we cut energy consumption by 630 million tons of standard coal equivalent through energy saving and energy efficiency improvement, which equals 1.46 billion tons less of CO2 emission. Now we are fighting for the goal of reducing energy consumption and CO2 emission per unit of GDP by 16% and 17% respectively between 2011 and 2015.