[考研类试卷]2015年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2015 年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Vocabulary1 I hope you dont think Im_but Ive had the electric fire on for most of the day.（A）exquisite（B） extravagant（C） exotic（D）eccentric2 Beenes new novel proves he isnt just a_in the pan.（A）flare（B） glitter（C） spark（D）flash3 The newly-built Science Building seems_

2、enough to last a hundred years.（A）spacious（B） sophisticated（C） substantial（D）steady4 There is nothing in physical structure, the brain or the internal organs to_a difference.（A）display（B） indicate（C） demonstrate（D）appear5 This kind of material can_heat and moisture.（A）delete（B） compel（C） constrain（D

3、）repel6 The river is already_its banks because of excessive rainfall, and the city is threatened with a likely flood.（A）parallel to（B） level in（C） flat on（D）flush with7 The political future of the president is now hanging by a_.（A）thread（B） cord（C） string（D）rope8 Half the profits are_in a corporate

4、account that can be drawn on only with stockholder consent.（A）invested（B） deposited（C） stored（D）saved9 Mr. Robinson knew that the most trivial chore could prove to be a _if approached with enthusiasm.（A）prize（B） reward（C） refund（D）bonus10 The speaker_us with tales of exotic lands and buried treasure

5、.（A）detoured（B） offset（C） tantalized（D）ushered11 Government loan have been the_of several shaky business companies.（A）tornado（B） salvation（C） delinquency（D）momentum12 After a period of probation a_becomes a nun.（A）soprano（B） hippie（C） novice（D）monsieur13 While she had the fever, she_for hours.（A）rav

6、ed（B） sniggered（C） tittered（D）perforated14 On August 18th the president announced a general_for political exiles.（A）ado（B） yoga（C） quartet（D）amnesty15 The scents of the flowers was_to us by the breeze.（A）intercepted（B） detested（C） saturated（D）wafted16 The plumb line is always perpendicular_the horiz

7、ontal plane.（A）with（B） from（C） at（D）to17 If it doesnt rain within the next few weeks, the crops will have to be watered if they are_.（A）to survive（B） to be survived（C） being survived（D）surviving18 She refused to_the car key to her husband until he had promised to wear his safety belt.（A）hand in（B） h

8、and out（C） hand down（D）hand over19 _seen by anyone, the thief escaped.（A）Being not（B） Not being（C） To be（D）Be not20 She keeps herself to herself. _, she would be better married.（A）To consider all things（B） Considering all things（C） All things considered（D）All things considering21 The fossilized rema

9、ins of a type of camel_a dog have been found in the Badlands of South Dakota.（A）no more larger than（B） not larger than（C） no larger than（D）which no larger than22 We are making good progress, but we must not_until we have achieved our objective.（A）let up（B） give up（C） put up（D）draw up23 Alexander Gra

10、ham Bell invented_telephone in 1876.（A）/（B） a（C） one（D）the24 Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States, _ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.（A）and accelerated a phenomenon（B） a phenomenon that acc

11、elerated（C） accelerating a phenomenon which（D）the acceleration of which phenomenon25 _by the United States governments Bureau of Labor Statistics, the Consumer Price Index compares current costs of goods and services with past costs.（A）To prepare（B） As it prepared（C） When preparation（D）Prepared26 As

12、 the train will not leave until one hour later, we_grab a bite at the snack bar.（A）may well（B） just as well（C） might as well（D）as well27 Just as the soil is a part of the earth, _the atmosphere.（A）as it is（B） so is（C） the same as（D）and so is28 Our civilization cannot be thought of as_in a short peri

13、od of time.（A）to have been created（B） to be created（C） having been created（D）being created29 Their coach must_the teams poor performance.（A）answer for（B） answer to（C） answer back（D）answer about30 Jean Wagners most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his insistence that it_i

14、n a religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.（A）is to be analyzed（B） has been analyzed（C） be analyzed（D）should have been analyzed二、Reading Comprehension30 The term “Ice Age“ may give a wrong impression. The epoch that geologists know as the Pleistocene and that spanned the 1.5 to 2. 0 milli

15、on years prior to the current geologic epoch was not one long continuous glaciation, but a period of oscillating climate with ice advances punctuated by times of interglacial climate not very different from the climate experienced now. Ice sheets that derived from an ice cap centered on northern Sca

16、ndinavia reached southward to Central Europe. And beyond the margins of the ice sheets, climatic oscillations affected most of the rest of the world; for example, in the deserts, periods of wetter conditions(pluvials)contrasted with drier, interpluvial periods. Although the time involved is so short

17、, about 0. 04 percent of the total age of the Earth, the amount of attention devoted to the Pleistocene has been incredibly large, probably because of its immediacy, and because the epoch largely coincides with the appearance on Earth of humans and their immediate ancestors.There is no reliable way

18、of dating much of the Ice Age. Geological dates are usually obtained by using the rates of decay of various radioactive elements found in minerals. Some of these rates are suitable for very old rocks but involve increasing errors when used for young rocks; others are suitable for very young rocks an

19、d errors increase rapidly in older rocks. Most of the Ice Age spans a period of time for which no element has an appropriate decay rate.Nevertheless, researchers of the Pleistocene epoch have developed all sorts of more or less fanciful model schemes of how they would have arranged the Ice Age had t

20、hey been in charge of events. For example, an early classification of Alpine glaciation suggested the existence there of four glaciations, named the Gunz, Mindel, Piss, and Wurm. This succession was based primarily on a series of deposits and events not directly related to glacial and interglacial p

21、eriods, rather than on the more usual modern method of studying biological remains found in interglacial beds themselves interstratified within glacial deposits. Yet this succession was forced willy-nilly onto the glaciated parts of Northern Europe, where there are partial successions of true glacia

22、l ground moraines and interglacial deposits, with hopes of ultimately piecing them together to provide a complete Pleistocene succession. Eradication of the Alpine nomenclature is still proving a Herculean task.There is no conclusive evidence about the relative length, complexity, and temperatures o

23、f the various glacial and interglacial periods. We do not know whether we live in a postglacial period or an interglacial period. The chill truth seems to be that we are already past the optimum climate of postglacial time. Studies of certain fossil distributions and of the pollen of certain tempera

24、te plants suggest decreases of a degree or two in both summer and winter temperatures and, therefore, that we may be in the declining climatic phase leading to glaciation and extinction.31 In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with_.（A）searching for an accurate method of dating the Pleis

25、tocene epoch（B） discussing problems involved in providing an accurate picture of the Pleistocene epoch（C） declaring opposition to the use of the term “Ice Age“ for the Pleistocene epoch（D）criticizing fanciful schemes about what happened in the Pleistocene epoch32 The “wrong impression“(line 1.)to wh

26、ich the author refers is the idea that the_.（A）climate of the Pleistocene epoch was not very different from the climate we are now experiencing（B） climate of the Pleistocene epoch was composed of periods of violent storms（C） Pleistocene epoch consisted of very wet, cold periods mixed with very dry,

27、hot periods（D）Pleistocene epoch comprised one period of continuous glaciation during which Northern Europe was covered with ice sheets33 Which of the following does the passage imply about the “early classification of Alpine glaciation“?（A）It should not have been applied as widely as it was.（B） It r

28、epresents the best possible scientific practice, given the tools available at the time.（C） It was a valuable tool, in its time, for measuring the length of the four periods of glaciation.（D）It could be useful, but only as a general guide to the events of the Pleistocene epoch.34 The author refers to

29、 deserts primarily in order to_.（A）support the view that we are probably living in a postglacial period（B） illustrate the idea that what happened in the deserts during the Ice Age had far-reaching effects even on the ice sheets of Central and Northern Europe（C） illustrate the idea that the effects o

30、f the Ice Ages climatic variations extended beyond the areas of ice（D）support the view that during the Ice Age sheets of ice covered some of the deserts of the world35 The author would regard the idea that we are living in an interglacial period as_.（A）unimportant（B） unscientific（C） self-evident（D）p

31、lausible35 Investigators of monkeys social behavior have always been struck by monkeys aggressive potential and the consequent need for social control of their aggressive behavior. Studies directed at describing aggressive behavior and the situations that elicit it, as well as the social mechanisms

32、that control it, were therefore among the first investigations of monkeys social behavior.Investigators initially believed that monkeys would compete for any resource in the environment; hungry monkeys would fight over food, thirsty monkeys would fight over water, and, in general, any time more than

33、 one monkey in a group sought the same incentive simultaneously, a dispute would result and would be resolved through some form of aggression. However, the motivating force of competition for incentives began to be doubted when experiments like Southwicks on the reduction of space or the withholding

34、 of food failed to produce more than temporary increases in intra-group aggression. Indeed, food deprivation not only failed to increase aggression but in some cases actually resulted in decreased frequencies of aggression.Studies of animals in the wild under conditions of extreme food deprivation l

35、ikewise revealed that starving monkeys devoted almost all available energy to foraging, with little energy remaining for aggressive interaction. Furthermore, accumulating evidence from later studies of a variety of primate groups, for example, the study conducted by Bernstein, indicates that one of

36、the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the introduction of an intruder into an organized group. Such introductions result in far more serious aggression than that produced in any other types of experiments contrived to produce competition.These studies of intruders suggest that adult me

37、mbers of the same species introduced to one another for the first time show considerable hostility because, in the absence of a social order, one must be established to control interanimal relationships. When a single new animal is introduced into an existing social organization, the newcomer meets

38、even more serious aggression. Whereas in the first case aggression establishes a social order, in the second case resident animals mob the intruder, thereby initially excluding the new animal from the existing social unit. The simultaneous introduction of several animals lessens the effect, if only

39、because the group divides its attention among the multiple targets. If, however, the several animals introduced to a group constitute their own social unit, each group may fight the opposing group as a unit; but, again, no individual is subjected to mass attack, and the very cohesion of the groups p

40、recludes prolonged individual combat. The submission of the defeated group, rather than unleashing unchecked aggression on the part of the victorious group, reduces both the intensity and frequency of further attack. Monkey groups therefore see to be organized primarily to maintain their established

41、 social order rather than to engage in hostilities per se.36 The author of the passage is primarily concerned with_.（A）advancing a new methodology for changing a monkeys social behavior（B） comparing the methods of several research studies on aggression among monkeys（C） explaining the reasons for res

42、earchers interest in monkeys social behavior（D）discussing the development of investigators theories about aggression among monkeys37 Which of the following best summarizes the findings reported in the passage about the effects of food deprivation on monkeys behavior?（A）Food deprivation has no effect

43、 on aggression among monkeys.（B） Food deprivation increases aggression among monkeys because one of the most potent stimuli for eliciting aggression is the competition for incentives.（C） Food deprivation may increase long-term aggression among monkeys in a laboratory setting, but it produces only te

44、mporary increases among monkeys in the wild.（D）Food deprivation may temporarily increase aggression among monkeys, but it also leads to a decrease in conflict.38 The passage suggests that investigators of monkeys social behavior have been especially interested in aggressive behavior among monkeys be

45、cause_.（A）aggression is the most common social behavior among monkeys（B） successful competition for incentives determines the social order in a monkey group（C） situations that elicit aggressive behavior can be studied in a laboratory（D）most monkeys are potentially aggressive, yet they live in social

46、 units that could not function without control of their aggressive impulses39 It can be inferred from the passage that the establishment and preservation of social order among a group of monkeys is essential in order to_.（A）keep the monkeys from straying and joining other groups（B） prevent aggressiv

47、e competition for incentives between that group and another（C） prevent the domination of that group by another（D）protect individuals seeking to become members of that group from mass attack40 Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph?（A）A hypothesis is explained

48、and counter evidence is described.（B） A theory is advanced and specific evidence supporting it is cited.（C） Field observations are described and a conclusion about their significance is drawn.（D）Two theories are explained and evidence supporting each of them is detailed.40 It is an unfortunate fact

49、that most North Americans know little about American Indian culture and history. Scholars have studied such matters, but they have not succeeded in broadcasting their conclusions widely. Thus, it is still not widely known that American Indians have epics, that they performed plays long before Europeans arrived, and that they practiced politics and carried on trade.One way to gain a full