[考研类试卷]2015年天津外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2015 年天津外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷及答案与解析英译汉1 ALS ice bucket challenge2 “Big Data“3 Bitcoin4 carbon neutral5 credit crunch6 cross-border e-commerce7 cloud computing8 Ebola9 genre10 hip-pop11 IPO12 podcast13 pragmatics14 semantics15 slacktivism16 stylistics17 unfriend18 vape19 Vladimir Putin20 We Media汉译英21 阿里巴巴

2、网络有限公司22 “APEC 蓝”23 博鳌亚洲论坛24 “大妈”25 公务员26 化境27 简政放权28 京津冀一体化29 “老虎苍蝇一起打 ”30 “老字号”31 “裸官”32 “女汉子”33 “神舟十号 ”34 “双十一”35 “土豪”36 语联网37 语言服务业38 “宅男”39 中国话语体系40 自贸试验区英译汉41 New global rules to prevent banks that are “too big to fail“ from being bailed out by taxpayers have been proposed. The rules, created

3、by the Financial Stability Board(FSB), a global monitoring body, would require big banks to hold much more money against losses. Mark Carney, FSB chairman and governor of the Bank of England, said the plans were a “watershed“ moment. He said it had been “totally unfair“ for taxpayers to bail out ban

4、ks after the financial crisis of 2008 and 2009. “ The banks and their shareholders and their creditors got the benefit when things went well,“ he told the BBC. “ But when they went wrong the British public and subsequent generations picked up the billand thats going to end. “ Mr. Carney explained th

5、at the new system would ensure that bank shareholders, and lenders to banks such as bondholders, would become first in line to bear the brunt of future losses if banks could not pay out of their own resources.Governments around the world spent hundreds of billions of pounds bailing out stricken bank

6、s during the financial crisis of 2007 - 2008. At its peak in the UK alone, taxpayersdirect subsidy to banks stood at more than 1 trillion according to a recent report from the National Audit Office.In the wake of the financial crisis, world leaders asked the FSB to come up with proposals to prevent

7、similar bailouts from happening in the future. The proposed new rules, which are up for consultation, require “global systemically important banks“ to hold a minimum amount of cash to ensure they will be able to survive big losses without turning to governments for help.The capital set aside should

8、be worth 15% -20% of the banks assets, the FSB said. That is a far bigger cushion against losses than is required by current banking rules. The FSB hopes this stronger policy will prevent taxpayers from being forced to pay billions of pounds again to stop big banks from collapsing, in the event of a

9、nother financial crisis.The FSB has published a list of 30 banks it regards as “ systemically important,“ meaning their collapse could have a wider impact on global financial systems. The UK government spent around 65bn directly bailing out RBS and Lloyds during the crisis. The government still owns

10、 an 80% stake in RBS and 25% of Lloyds.汉译英42 国家主席习近平出访坦桑尼亚时，“第一夫人” 彭丽媛将国货护肤品“百雀羚”作为“国礼”相赠，老品牌 “百雀羚”因“国礼” 曝光走红。由此也让更多老国货重回人们的视野。海鸥手表、飞鸽自行车、梅花运动服、双星鞋这些曾经悄悄地从市场上隐退的老国货，如今又逐渐回归并成为新时尚，正如一位一名“80 后” 所言：“在我看来，复古就是一种时尚。”在追捧国货的人群里，“70 后”“80 后”占了很大一部分。有网友说， “看到这些老物件 ，就能想起自己的少年或者是学生时代。”他们不愿意遗忘过去的这些美好，或许也是不愿过早地与

11、过去告别。今年 8 月刚刚“ 复出” 的 “上海关”汽水就是在经历辉煌、改革、消失后，在人们的期盼中又重新回到市民的生活中。装在透明玻璃瓶里的黄色橘子汽水曾是天津人几十年间的美好回忆。拿着喝过的空瓶到小卖店换汽水的情景，是不少人儿时最清凉的记忆。曾有网络调查显示：有一半以上网友认可老品牌国货，认为它们以其自身的实力赢得了消费者信赖并有不错的增长潜力。更有网友开玩笑“跑得了和尚跑不了庙，国产品牌还得面对父老乡亲”。老国货的回归更多的是一种情感的回归，而能抗住时光的流逝并展现出自己品质的，一定是流行过后依然时尚。2015 年天津外国语大学英语翻译基础真题试卷答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 美国

12、ALS(对抗肌萎缩侧索硬化征协会组织的 “冰桶挑战”)2 【正确答案】 大数据3 【正确答案】 比特币4 【正确答案】 碳中和；碳平衡(指不会增加空气中的二氧化碳总量)5 【正确答案】 信贷紧缩6 【正确答案】 跨境电子商务7 【正确答案】 云计算8 【正确答案】 埃博拉病毒9 【正确答案】 体裁；类型10 【正确答案】 嘻哈；嘻哈文化11 【正确答案】 首次公开募股(initial public offering)12 【正确答案】 播客13 【正确答案】 语用学，语言实用学(研究语言使用及其和语境的关系)14 【正确答案】 语义学15 【正确答案】 懒汉行动主义16 【正确答案】 文体学；

13、文体论17 【正确答案】 解除好友关系18 【正确答案】 电子烟19 【正确答案】 弗拉基米尔普京20 【正确答案】 自媒体汉译英21 【正确答案】 Alibaba Group22 【正确答案】 APEC blue23 【正确答案】 Boao Forum for Asia(BFA)24 【正确答案】 dama(a group of Chinese ladies consisting mainly of married women between 40 and 60)25 【正确答案】 civil servant26 【正确答案】 sublimation27 【正确答案】 streamline

14、administration and delegate more power to the lower levels28 【正确答案】 the integration of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regions29 【正确答案】 to crack down on both tigers and flies(to bring corrupt officials of all ranks to justice)30 【正确答案】 time-honored brand31 【正确答案】 naked officials(government officials whose spo

15、uses and children have moved overseas)32 【正确答案】 tough girl33 【正确答案】 Shenzhou X34 【正确答案】 Nov. 11th/Chinas Singles Day35 【正确答案】 newly rich36 【正确答案】 The Internet of Language(IOL)37 【正确答案】 language service industry38 【正确答案】 indoors man39 【正确答案】 Chinese discourse system40 【正确答案】 pilot free trade zone英译汉4

16、1 【正确答案】 为防止“大而不倒” 的银行利用纳税人纾困，全球性管理机构金融稳定委员会设立了新的全球性规定。新规定要求大银行持有更多的亏损应对资金。金融稳定委员会主席兼英格兰银行行长马克?卡尼称该计划预示着一个“ 分水岭”时刻的到来。他认为，2008 一 2009 年金融危机后，由纳税人为银行纾困对他们是“完全不公平 ”的。“一切进展顺利时，获利者是银行及其股东与债权人，”卡尼对BBC 记者说道，“金融环境恶化时，却由英国公众及后续几代人买单这种情况将要结束。” 卡尼解释，银行自身资源不足以支付债务时，新的体制将确保银行股东及债券持有者等借出方能够最先承担未来亏损。20072008 年金融危

17、机期间，各国政府耗资数千亿英镑替受创银行纾困。英国国家审计署最近的报告显示，金融危机最严重时，仅是英国纳税人就直接向银行补贴了超过 1 万亿英镑。金融危机后，各国领导人要求金融稳定委员会提出方案，防止未来发生类似的纾困情况。提出的新规定即将进入讨论环节。该规定要求“全球系统重要性银行” 持有确保在巨额亏损下能够不依靠政府援助生存的最低额度现金。金融稳定委员会表示，预留的资本额应占银行资产的 1520。较现行银行的规定，这一新规定下的资金缓冲额更大。金融稳定委员会希望在遭遇另一场金融危机时，该项强硬政策能够防止纳税人被迫再次支付数百万英镑使大型银行免于破产。金融稳定委员会公布了一份包含 30 家

18、具有“系统重要性” 的银行的名单，这意味着这些银行的破产可能对全球金融系统产生更加广泛的影响。英国政府在此次金融危机中向苏格兰皇家银行和劳埃德银行直接提供了约 650 亿英镑的纾困援助。英国政府在这两家银行中仍分别持有 80和 25的股份。汉译英42 【正确答案】 Peng Liyuan, first lady of China, presented Pechoin, a long-established brand of Chinese cosmetics, as a national gift when she accompanied President Xi Jinping on his

19、 visit to Tanzania. Its exposure as a national gift not only brings its own brand back to the limelight but also brings many other traditional Chinese brands back to the customers sight. Watch brand Seagull, bicycle brand Flying Pigeon, sportswear brand Plum Blossom, shoe brand Double Star and other

20、 traditional brands which had silently disappeared in the market have revitalized and become new fashion today. As a consumer of post-80s generation said, “Vintage is fashion for me.Among the traditional brand lovers, people of post-70s and post-80s generation take a large proportion. “ These old th

21、ings remind me of the school days when I was a teenage,“ a netizen said. Their reluctance to forget the good old days perhaps comes down to their unwillingness to say goodbye to the past.Craved by consumers, Shanhaiguan soda water relaunched onto the market in August after experiencing the glorious

22、days, reform and the tough time of losing the market. This yellow orange juice in transparent glass bottles used to be the source of the sweet memories for the local people in Tianjin. Most of them can still recall the freshest memory of those summers when they used to exchange empty bottles for jui

23、ce from the peddler.An Internet survey shows that over 50% netizens recognize traditional Chinese brands, believing that they have earned the trust of the customers with their high quality and they still have great growth potential. Some netizens even said in a jesting tone, “ The monk may run away, but the temple cannot run with him. Traditional Chinese brands have to live up to what local people expect of them.The return of traditional Chinese brands is more of a return of feelings. Only when they withstand the test of time and maintain their high quality, can they be the forever trend.