[考研类试卷]GCT工程硕士（英语）模拟试卷150及答案与解析.doc

1、GCT 工程硕士（英语）模拟试卷 150 及答案与解析一、Part I Vocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the

2、 center.1 People appreciate _ with him because lie has a good sense of humor.（A）to work（B） to have worked（C） working（D）having worked2 You dont have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _ on business first.（A）would go（B） will go（C） went（D）have gone3 Weather_, there will be an open air party with

3、 live music here this weekend.（A）permits（B） should permit（C） will permit（D）pemitting4 She got a _ job while she was waiting to go to the university.（A）steady（B） attractive（C） temporary（D）permanent5 Most people have come to realize that it is about time the government _ further measures to control th

4、e population.（A）must take（B） is taking（C） takes（D）took6 _ from the hilltop, the lake scenery is beyond description.（A）To see（B） Seeing（C） Having seen（D）Seen7 Its _ of her to refuse to admit that she is wrong; she is very stubborn.（A）characteristic（B） peculiar（C） specific（D）particular8 People do not

5、always recall events as they _ actually.（A）are happening（B） will happen（C） happened（D）would happen9 John Smith, being a diligent student, never refuses to _ more responsibilities that are assigned to him.（A）take up（B） take in（C） take off（D）take on10 The ATMs enable bank customers to access their mon

6、ey 24 hours a day and seven days a week _ ATMs are located.（A）wherever（B） whenever（C） however（D）whatever二、Part II Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C,

7、and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.10 This country, as Lincoln said, belongs to the people. So do the natural resources which make it rich. They supply the basis of our prosperity now and hereafter. In preserving them, which is a

8、 national duty, we must not forget that monopoly is based on the control of natural resources and natural advantages, and that it will help the people little to conserve our natural wealth unless the benefits which it can yield are given back to the people.Let us remember, also, that conservation do

9、es not stop with the natural resources. The principle of making the best use of all we have requires that we stop the waste of human life in industry and prevent the waste of human welfare which flows from the unfair use of concentrated power and wealth in the hands of men whose eagerness for profit

10、 blinds them to the cost of what they do. We have no higher duty than to promote the efficiency of the individual. There is no surer road to the efficiency of the nation.11 What plays an essential role in making the nation prosperous according to this passage?（A）Its money.（B） Its trade.（C） Its natur

11、al resources.（D）Its peopl12 The passage suggests that the benefit from natural resources is mainly enjoyed by _.（A）the government（B） the monopolies（C） the businessmen（D）the people13 The conservation mentioned in the passage includes the following EXCEPT _.（A）natural resources（B） human welfare（C） hum

12、an life（D）concentration of wealth14 What may contribute to the unfair use of concentrated power and wealth by some people?（A）Their greed for profit makes them ignore the expense.（B） They have accumulated too much wealth and power.（C） They make profits by pretending to be blind.（D）They make profits b

13、y cheatin15 On what does the efficiency of a nation depend?（A）Every individual.（B） Its machines.（C） Its wealth.（D）Its power.16 There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familial disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familial

14、diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt (i.e. sodium chloride), has been studies at Brook Haven National Laboratory. These studies suggest th

15、at frequent excess salt eating can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed anima

16、ls never developed high blood pressure whereas a few rapidly developed very serious high blood pressure followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.By mating in successive generations only those animals that failed to develop h

17、igh blood pressure from salt eating, a resistant strain (the “R“ strain) has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt falls to influence the blood pressure significantly, in contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop high blood pressure from salt, a sensitive strain (

18、“S“ strain) has also been developed.The availability of these two strains permits investigations not possible formerly. They provide a likely laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical(临床的) aspects of the human types of high blood pressure. More important, there might be the possibility

19、of developing methods by which genetic likelihood of human beings to develop high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive(放射性的) sodium 22 was an important “tool“ in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.16 The study of the effects of

20、salt on high blood pressure was carried out _.（A）because members of the same family tend to used similar amounts of salt（B） to explore the long-term use of a sodium-based substance（C） because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure（D）because of the availability of chemically pure salt17 I

21、t can be implied that the main difference between “S“ and “R“ strains is in their _.（A）need for sodium 22（B） amount of salt intake（C） reaction to salt（D）type of blood18 It is implied in the second paragraph that _.（A）a genetic factor is the main factor to develop high blood pressure（B） amount of sal

22、t eating is an important factor to develop high blood pressure（C） the rate to develop high blood pressure lies in the reaction to salt（D）high blood pressure can be affected by mating19 Among the results of the research discussed in this passage, the most beneficial might be _.（A）development of diets

23、 free of salt（B） the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims（C） an early cure for high blood pressure（D）control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure20 We can infer from the passage that _.（A）when salt is added to their diets, rats and human beings act in the same wa

24、y（B） the near future will see a cure for high blood pressure（C） the medical field is desperately in need of research（D）a tendency toward high blood pressure may be a genetic factor20 I doubt that any historically valid treatment of that presidential administration can emerge for at least another dec

25、ade, if then. I confess that when I came out of the White House I signed up to do an “insider volume“, but sober, professional second thoughts have led me to put that project on ice until at least 1980. The problem is that I simultaneously know too much, and not enough. I know what I thought was hap

26、pening. But I cannot fully document what happened. And I have seen enough highly classified documents to know that most of what the observers thought was happening was at best haft right, at worst dead wrong. This has steered me in a different direction as far as writing is concerned. I am now prepa

27、ring what is frankly and unashamedly an ex parte memoir, “My Experiences in Washington.“ It is based on what I believed to be true, on the picture as I conceptualized it, of the presidential administration under which I worked. 21 According to the speaker, the problem with “insider volumes“ is that

28、they _.（A）tell things that should not be told（B） lack historical perspective（C） are too sensational（D）often intentionally distort the truth22 When the speaker says that he “put that project on ice“, be means that he _.（A）put it in the refrigerator（B） gave up on it completely（C） took a rather cold at

29、titude towards it（D）put it aside until later23 When the speaker says that he simultaneously knew “too much, and not enough“, he means that he was _.（A）more perceptive than others who were involved at this time（B） too close to the events to see them objectively（C） unable to see any significance in cu

30、rrent events（D）confused by the number of important events that were taking place24 The speakers experience in reading classified documents made him realize that _.（A）others had been mistaken in interpreting events that they had observed（B） others knew more about current events than be did（C） he was

31、the only responsible person who knew the truth about government affairs（D）he was a more impartial observer than anyone else in the government25 According to the speaker, “My Experiences in Washington“ will deal with _.（A）secret documents never before released to the public（B） an “insiders“ conceptua

32、lization of the governments failures（C） his personal view of that presidential era（D）the administrative problems of the president26 Community cancer clusters are viewed quite differently by citizen activists than by epidemiologists. Environmentalists and concerned local residents, for instance, migh

33、t immediately suspect environmental radiation as the culprit when a high incidence of cancer cases occurs near a nuclear facility. Epidemiologists, in contrast, would be more likely to say that the incidences were “inconclusive“ or the result of pure chance. And when a breast cancer survivor, Lorrai

34、ne Pace, mapped 20 breast cancer cases occurring in her West Islip, Long Island, community, her rudimentary research efforts were guided more by hope that a specific environmental agent could be correlated with the cancers than by scientific method.When epidemiologists study clusters of cancer cases

35、 and other noncontagious conditions such as birth defects or miscarriage, they take several variables into account, such as background rate (the number of people affected in the general population), cluster size, and specificity (any notable characteristics of the individual affected in each case).

36、If a cluster is both large and specific, it is easier for epidemiologists to assign blame. Not only must each variable be considered on its own, but it must also be combined with others. Lung cancer is very common in the general population. Yet when a huge number of cases turned up among World War I

37、I shipbuilders who had all worked with asbestos, the size of the cluster and the fact that the men had had similar occupational asbestos exposures enabled epidemiologists to assign blame to the fibrous mineral.Although several known carcinogens have been discovered through these kinds of occupationa

38、l or medical clusters, only one community cancer cluster has ever been traced to an environmental cause. Health officials often discount a communitys suspicion of a common environmental cause because citizens tend to include cases that were diagnosed before the afflicted individuals moved into the n

39、eighborhood. Add to this the problem of cancers latency. Unlike an infectious disease such as cholera, which is caused by a recent exposure to food or water contaminated with the cholera bacterium, cancer may have its roots in an exposure that occurred 10 to 20 years earlier.Do all these caveats mea

40、n that the hard work of Lorraine Pace and other community activists is for nothing? Not necessarily. Together with many other reports of breast cancer clusters on Long Island, the West Islip situation highlighted by Pace has helped epidemiologists lay the groundwork for a well designed scientific st

41、udy.26 The “hope“ mentioned in Paragraph 1 refers specifically to Paces desire to_.（A）help reduce the incidence of breast cancer in future generations（B） improve her chances of surviving breast cancer（C） determine the cause responsible for her own breast cancer case（D）identify a particular cause for

42、 the breast cancer cases in West Islip27 The case of the World War II shipbuilders with lung cancer is an example of_.（A）an occupational cluster（B） a medical cluster（C） a radiation cluster（D）an environmental cluster28 The passage suggests that the fact that “only one community cancer cluster bas eve

43、r been traced to all environmental cause“ (in the third paragraph) is most likely due to the_.（A）methodological difficulties in analyzing community cancer clusters（B） reluctance of epidemiologists to investigate environmental factors in cancer（C） lack of credibility of citizen activists in claiming

44、to have identified cancer agents（D）effectiveness of regulations restricting the use of carcinogens in residential areas29 Activists may mistakenly consider a particular incidence of cancer as part of a community cluster despite the fact that_.（A）the affected individual never worked with any carcinog

45、enic material（B） the cancer was actually caused by a long-ago exposure（C） the size of the cluster is too small to be meaningful（D）the cancer actually arose in a different geographic location30 The word “caveats“ (in the last paragraph) refers to_.（A）refusals by epidemiologists to examine the work of

46、 Pace and other activists（B） potential flaws in amateur studies of cancer cluster（C） warnings by activists concerning environmental dangers in their communities（D）tendencies of activists to assume environmental causes for cancer三、Part III ClozeDirections: There are ten blanks in the following passag

47、e. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.30 Experts predict that Chinas healthcare market will have an annual growth of 6 to 8 percent in the next few years, making it o

48、ne of the potentially most prosperous. In Shanghai, annual medical expenditure is estimated to be 16 billion yuan (U. S. 93 billion). With an increasingly【31】population, the growing consumption power and longer life【32 】of local residents, the medical market has great opportunities.However l limited

49、 medical resources cannot meet peoples needs【33】financial deficits in State-owned hospitals.【34】, there is room for a range of different medical organizations.As is the case with many State-owned enterprises, public hospitals in the past half century have learned a lot of bad habits:【35】management, over-staffing and bureaucratic operating procedures.Being a member of World Trade Organization (WTO), China has to【36】its promise to open the h