[考研类试卷]管理类专业学位联考英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编1及答案与解析.doc

1、管理类专业学位联考英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 1 及答案与解析一、Translation1 Who would have thought that globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the worlds airlines do roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emission? Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can

2、leak between 0.2 and 0.7 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the right answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers

3、emit a great deal of heat, so the centers need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much more to be done, and n

4、ot just by big companies.2 “Sustainability“ has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through eve

5、ryday action and choice.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. Hed been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didnt go well. “It was a really bad move because thats not my passion,“ says Ning, whose dilemm

6、a about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable, I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, Just wait, youll turn the corner, give it some time.“3 With the nations f

7、inancial system teetering on a cliff. The compensation arrangements for executives of the big banks and other financial firms are coming under close examination again.Bankers excessive risk-taking is a significant cause of this financial crisis and has continued, to others in the past, in this case,

8、 it was fueled by low interest rates and kept going by a false sense of security created by a debt-fueled bubble in the economy.Mortgage lenders gladly lent enormous sums to those who could not afford to pay them back dividing the laws and selling them off to the next financial institution along the

9、 chain, advantage of the same high-tech securitization to load on more risky mortgage-based assets.Financial regulation will have to catch up with the most irresponsible practices that led banks down in this road, in hopes averting the next crisis, which is likely to involve different financial tech

10、niques and different sorts of assets. But it is worth examining the root problem of compensation schemes that are tied to short-term profits and revenues, and thus encourage bankers to take irresponsible risks.4 The term “business model“ first came into widespread use with the invention of the perso

11、nal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序). Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item coul

12、d be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which your business dependedfor example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought? and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change woul

13、d play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace ins

14、ights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spreadsheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.管理类专业学位联考英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 1 答案与解析一、Translation1 【正确答案】 从全球范围来看，IT 行业产生的温室气体大约占二氧化碳总排放量的 2，这跟全世界所有航空公司产生温室气体一样多，谁会想到这一点呢?许多日常的工作对环境造成了人们意想不到的破坏。因搜索正确答案所需搜索次数多少的不同，一次谷歌搜索会产生 02 到

15、07 克的二氧化碳。为了快速给用户提供搜索结果，谷歌在世界各地建立大型数据中心，这些数据中心挤满了大功率计算机。计算机在排放出大量二氧化碳的同时，会产生大量的热量，因此数据中心又需要良好的空调系统，这甚至会消耗更多的能量。然而，谷歌和其他大型技术提供商在严密监控其能效并不断进行改进。监控只迈出了减排的第一步，但减排还需要采取更多的措施，仅仅依靠大公司是不够的。2 【正确答案】 当今，“承受力” 已经成为了一个流行的词语。但是，对 Ted Ning 来说，他对这个词有着自身的体会。在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以承受的生活之后，他清楚地意识到，以承受力导向的生活价值需要通过日常的行动和抉择加以体现。Ni

16、ng 回忆了在 20 世纪 90 年代末他在困惑中度过的一年，那年他从事保险销售工作。经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家Boulder 经销商签了合同。事情进展并不顺利。Ning 说：“那的确是很糟糕的一种变动，我对那份工作没有热情。”可以想象，他这种工作上的窘境造成销售业绩不佳。他说：“ 很惨，我非常焦虑，常常会在半夜醒来，盯着天花板。没有钱，我需要这份：工作。每个人都会说等吧，总会有转机的，给点时间吧。”3 【正确答案】 由于国家金融体制处于危机动荡的边缘，一些大银行和金融机构中的高级管理人员的补偿金计划受到密切关注。银行家们过度冒险是导致金融危机至关重要的

17、原因，在历史上也有类似情况。在这种情况下，一般是由低息引起并造成持续的错觉，其实是一种债务泡沫经济。抵押贷款人很乐意把大量资金借给无力偿还的人，再将贷款分割，并沿这样的链条出售给下一个金融机构，这些做法都在利用高科技证券业，结果，却增加了抵押资产的风险。金融管理规定必须能应对这种最不负责任的并导致银行损失惨重的做法，以期扭转下一个危机，而这下一个危机很可能包括有各种类型的金融技术和资产。但补偿金计划的根本问题值得审视，这个计划与眼前利益相关，因而导致银行家们不负责任地甘冒风险。4 【正确答案】 随着个人计算机和空白表格程序的发明，“商业模型” 这个术语首次得到了大规模的使用。空白表格程序被发明

18、前，商业计划通常意味着进行一次单一的预测，充其量，你也只能在此单一预测的基础上再做一些敏感性分析。空白表格程序开启了一种更具分析性的规划方法，其原因是空白表格程序中的每一行中的项目都可以被拆分，其中的每一个部分及亚组成部分都可以被拆分和测试。你可以对商业所依赖的关键设想提出“如果会怎么样?”的问题。例如，“如果顾客对价格的敏感度超过了我们的预期怎么办”，只需敲击几下键盘，你就可以看到某个变化对全局的各个方面可能产生怎么样的影响，换句话说，你可以对商业的行为建立模型。在计算机改变了商业规划的本质之前，绝大部分成功的商业规划与其说是精心策划出来的，不如说是运气使然。空白表格程序将公司的市场洞察力与相应的经济结果更为紧密地联系起来，从而使公司在商业运营开始前建立商业模型变为可能。