[考研类试卷]在职艺术硕士（MFA）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷30及答案与解析.doc

1、在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 30 及答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题0 Some pessimistic experts feel that the automobile is bound to fall into disuse. They see a day in the not-too-distant future when all autos will be abandoned and allowed to rust. Other authorities, however, think the auto is here to stay. They hold that

2、 the car will remain a leading means of urban travel in the foreseeable future.The motorcar will undoubtedly change significantly over the next 30 years. It should become smaller, safer, and more economical, and should not be powered by the gasoline engine. The car of the future should be far more p

3、ollution-free than present types.Regardless of its power source, the auto in the future will still be the main problem in urban traffic congestion (拥挤). One proposed solution to this problem is the automated highway system.When the auto enters the highway system, a retractable (可伸缩的) arm will drop f

4、rom the auto and make contact with a rail, which is similar to those powering subway trains electrically. Once attached to the rail, the car will become electrically powered from the system, and control of the vehicle will pass to a central computer. The computer will then monitor all of the cars mo

5、vements.The driver will use a telephone to dial instructions about his destination into the system. The computer will calculate the best route, and reserve space for the car all the way to the correct exit from the highway. The driver will then be free to relax and wait for the buzzer (蜂鸣器) that wil

6、l warn him of his coming exit. It is estimated that an automated highway will be able to handle 10,000 vehicles per hour, compared with the 1, 500 to 2, 000 vehicles that can be carried by a present-day highway. (300 words)1 One significant improvement in the future car will probably be_.（A）its powe

7、r source（B） its driving system（C） its monitoring system（D）its seating capacity2 What is the authors main concern?（A）How to render automobiles pollution-free.（B） How to make smaller and safer automobiles.（C） How to solve the problem of traffic jams.（D）How to develop an automated subway system.3 What

8、provides autos with electric power in an automated highway system?（A）A rail.（B） An engine.（C） A retractable arm.（D）A computer controller.4 In an automated highway system, all the driver needs to do is to_.（A）keep in the right lane（B） wait to arrive at his destination（C） keep in constant touch with t

9、he computer center（D）inform the system of his destination by phone5 What is the authors attitude toward the future of autos?（A）Enthusiastic.（B） Pessimistic.（C） Optimistic.（D）Cautious.5 Most episodes of absent-mindednessforgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a roomare c

10、aused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. “Youre supposed to remember something, but you havent encoded it deeply. “Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying si

11、tuations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and dont pay attention to what you did because youre involved in a conversation, youll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in you wardrobe (衣柜). “Your memory itself isnt failing you,“ says Schacter. “Rather, you

12、 didnt give your memory system the information it needed. “Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. “A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago,“ says Zelinski, “may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox. “ Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly becau

13、se they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. “But be sure the cue is clear and available,“ he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication (药物) with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen t

14、abledont leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.Another common episode of absent-mindedness; walking into a room and wondering why youre there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. “Everyone does this from time to time,“ says Zelinski. The

15、best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and youll likely remember. (295 words)6 Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?（A）It helps us understand our memory system better.（B） It enables us to recall something from our memory.（C） It expands

16、 our memory capacity considerably.（D）It slows down the process of losing our memory.7 One possible reason why women have better memories than men is that_.（A）they have a wider range of interests（B） they are more reliant on the environment（C） they have an unusual power of focusing their attention（D）t

17、hey are more interested in whats happening around them8 A note in the pocket can hardly serve as a reminder because_.（A）it will easily get lost（B） its not clear enough for you to read（C） its out of your sight（D）it might get mixed up with other things9 What do we learn from the last paragraph?（A）If w

18、e focus our attention on one thing, we might forget another.（B） Memory depends to a certain extent on the environment.（C） Repetition helps improve our memory.（D）If we keep forgetting things, wed better return to where we were.10 What is the passage mainly about?（A）The process of gradual memory loss.

19、（B） The causes of absent-mindedness.（C） The impact of the environment on memory.（D）A way of encoding and recalling.10 In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The resul

20、t was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items fanners bought remained

21、constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1930s.In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interf

22、erence with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 19

23、33 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same r

24、esult of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Late

25、r the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers. (287 words)11 What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products?（A）The impact of the Great Depression.（B） The shrinking of overseas markets.（C） The destructio

26、n caused by the First World War.（D）The increased exports of European countries.12 The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was_.（A）to increase farm production（B） to establish agricultural laws（C） to prevent farmers from going bankrupt（D）to promote the mech

27、anization of agriculture13 The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to_.（A）reduce their scale of production（B） make full use of their land（C） adjust the prices of their farm products（D）be self-sufficient in agricultural production14 The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adju

28、stment Act because it believed that the Act_.（A）might cause greater scarcity of farm products（B） didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power（C） would benefit neither the government nor the farmers（D）benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others15 It was claimed that the new laws

29、passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at_.（A）reducing the cost of farming（B） conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation（C） lowering the burden of farmers（D）helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers15 The decline in moral standardswhich has long con

30、cerned social analystshas at last captured the attention of average Americans. And Jean Bethke Elshtain, for one, is glad.The fact the ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, says this ethics (伦理学) professor at the University of Chicago, is reason to ho

31、pe that new ideas will come forward to improve it.But the challenge is not to be underestimated. Materialism and individualism in American society are the biggest obstacles. “The thought that Im in it for me has become deeply rooted in the national consciousness,“ Ms. Elshtain says.Some of this can

32、be attributed to the disintegration of traditional communities, in which neighbors looked out for one another, she says. With todays greater mobility and with so many couples working, those bonds have been weakened, replaced by a greater emphasis on self.In a 1996 poll of Americans, loss of morality

33、 topped the list of the biggest problems facing the U.S. and Elshtain says the public is correct to sense that; Data show that Americans are struggling with problems unheard of in the 1950s, such as classroom violence and a high rate of births to unmarried mothers.The desire for a higher moral stand

34、ard is not a lament (挽歌) for some nonexistent “golden age,“ Elshtain says, nor is it a wishful (一厢情愿的) longing for a time that denied opportunities to women and minorities. Most people, in fact, favor the lessening of prejudice.Moral decline will not be reversed until people find ways to counter the

35、 materialism in society, she says. “Slowly, you recognize that the things that matter are those that cant be bought. “ (293 words)16 Professor Elshtain is pleased to see that Americans_.（A）have adapted to a new set of moral standards（B） are longing for the return of the good old days（C） have realize

36、d the importance of material things（D）are awakening to the lowering of their moral standards17 The moral decline of American society is caused mainly by_.（A）its growing wealth（B） the self-centeredness of individuals（C） underestimating the impact of social changes（D）the prejudice against women and mi

37、norities18 Which of the following characterizes the traditional communities?（A）Great mobility.（B） Concern for ones neighbors.（C） Emphasis on individual effort.（D）Ever-weakening social bonds.19 In the 1950s, classroom violence_.（A）was something unheard of（B） was by no means a rare occurrence（C） attra

38、cted a lot of public attention（D）began to appear in analysts data20 According to Elshtain, the current moral decline may be reversed_.（A）if people can return to the “golden age“（B） when women and men enjoy equal rights（C） when people rid themselves of prejudice（D）if less emphasis is laid on material

39、 things在职艺术硕士（MFA ）全国联考英文阅读理解模拟试卷 30 答案与解析一、英文阅读理解题1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。根据题干“improvement in the future”定位到第二段第二句话“and should not be powered by the gasoline engine”以及第三段开头“power source”，可得知需要改进汽车的能量来源，故 A 正确。B“驱动系统”、C“监控系统”和 D“座位数”在文章中未提及，均排除。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于观点判断题。纵观全文，根据文章大意(见短

40、文大意)，我们知道文章的重点在如何解决拥挤的问题。文章最后两段都是对自动化高速公路系统这一解决方案的详细描述，所以文章重点在于 C“如何解决交通拥挤的问题”。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。题干中“autos”=“the car” ，“electric power”=“electrically powered”，定位到第四段第二句：“Once attached to the rail，the car will become electrically powered from the system”(一旦与轨道连接，汽车就会从高速公路系统中获得电力)，

41、由此可知是 A“铁轨提供的驱动电源”。且该段第一句的非限定性定语从句中的“which”指的是 a rail，所以本题答案为 A。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。该细节定位到第五段第一句话：“The driver will use a telephone to dial instruction(=inform)about his destination into the system”(司机通过电话提供行车指令，而系统将管理剩下的一切。)由此可知答案为 D“通过电话告知系统将前往的目的地”。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本

42、题属于观点推断题。本题考查的是作者对汽车前景的态度，文章第一段叙述了对汽车的两种截然不同的看法，根据提示词“however”以及第二段的正面描写：“smaller，safer，and more economical”，“far more pollutionfree”等词可推断出作者对汽车的态度是乐观的，只是提出有许多方面要改进。因此 C“乐观的”是答案。A“热心的、热情的”，原文只是客观地介绍交通的未来。没有太多的主观因素；B“悲观的”；D“谨慎的、小心的”。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。第二段有三处相关的信息：第一句：“Encoding， Sch

43、acter explains，is a special way of pay attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later”(Schacter 解释说，编码是对一件事注意的特殊方式，编码对后来回忆起来有重大影响。)第二句：“Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations”(不正确编码可产生令人烦恼的情况。)最后一句话：“Rather，you didnt give your memory system the information it

44、needed”( 实际上，是你没能给你的记忆系统它所需要的信息。)综上所述，正确的编码是给记忆系统所需要的信息，对记忆产生影响，故与选项 B 说法相符。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。第三段第一句话说：“Lack of interest can also lead to absentmindedness”缺乏兴趣亦可导致心不在焉情况的发生。最后一句话说：“Women have slightly better memories than men，possibly because they pay more attention to their envi

45、ronment，and memory relies on just that”(女士记忆力比男士稍好，可能是由于她们对事情的环境更注意，而记忆依赖环境。)综上所述可知，D 的说法是对的。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于推理判断题。第四段第一句话说：“Visual cues can help prevent absentmindedness”(可视的提示物能阻止心不在焉的情况发生)，接着又说：“But be sure the cue is clear and available”(但要确保提示物必须清晰而且可以看到)。而 “note”(便条)藏在口袋里而看不见

46、，故难以提醒人们。因此，只有 C 是对的。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解9 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于主旨题。最后一段话只是一个简单现象的描述，但这句话至关重要：“The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room，and youll likely remember”( 最好是回到你进房间以前所在的地方，然后你很可能记起来。)这句话提醒我们：是以前的环境提醒了人们。而从第三段段尾，我们可知：记忆依赖事物发生的环境。因此，我们可以得知，四个备选答案中，只有 B 的说法是对的。【知识模块】

47、 英文阅读理解10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属于主旨题。文章共五段，前几段一直在探讨遗忘产生的原因，最后一段虽然没有明说，但也是为了强调其中的一个原因。因此，B 的说法是正确的。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题属要点归纳题，问及引起美国农产品需求量走下坡路的原因，答案在第一段第一句：句中“as”是因果关系的关键词。 A“经济大萧条的影响”只是使这一现象加重的原因，C、D 则明显与短文内容相悖。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。根据题意，本题答案必须从第二段确定：采取直接干预农业供求矛盾，原则是为农民提供更大

48、的经济稳定性，即预防农民破产。选项 B 属于第三段内容，A 和 D 明显有悖文章内容。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解13 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 本题属细节题。答案在短文第三段第三、四句，选项 B、C 均属于行为，而非鼓励农民自己要做的事。D 与短文要点相：差甚远， “self-sufficient”只在第一段提到。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解14 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属细节题。根据题意，确定答案在第三段第三句“This law was declared unconstitutional by the supreme Court on the grounds that gener

49、al taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people”，再结合该段倒数第二句，从另一角度论证选项 D 的合理性。A 中“scarcity of farm products”在文中没有提到，B、C 明显不合理。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解15 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。根据“new laws”可确定本题问题指向第三段第四句。归纳该句要点再结合上一题答案，即可明确答案为 D。选项 B 虽也似乎正确，但与本文主题关系较疏远，故不选。【知识模块】 英文阅读理解16 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题属于细节题。由题干中的“pleased”定位到原文第一段的“glad”，而原文：“The decline in moral standardshas at last captured the attention of average Americans”(美国大众终于开始关注道德标准下降问题)中的“decline”对应选项 D 中的“lowering”(下降 )，另外，“