[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷281及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语模拟试卷 281 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Like all the huge metropolises of the world, there are lots of diversions both outdoors and indoors in Chicago. The Art Institute of

2、Chicago has one of the worlds【1】art collections, including more French Impressionist paintings than even in the Paris Louvre itself. The Field Museum of Natural History and the Museum of Science and Industry are also great historical and cultural treasure houses to【2】as well as entertain children an

3、d adults【3】In the Field Museum one comes【4】a surprisingly big collection of Chinese exhibits from the ancient【5 】to the early century. The Sears Tower and the Buckingham Fountain are the pride of the Chicagoans;【6】having 110 storeys is said to be the highest tower in the world and the【7】is the large

4、st fountain in the United States. Lake Michigan is for yachting in summer time,【8】the highlights of Chicago life all the year round are concerts, operas and plays【9】by the citys orchestra, opera houses and theatres. In summer, especially around the Independence Day, July 4th, many festivals and fair

5、s are given outdoors, which,【10】crowds and crowds of people, with their parades, fireworks,【11】concerts, water-skiing and good foods.But with all its attractions and beautiful spots Chicago is also a city【12】for crimes. All the dwelling houses are【13】with three doors and visitors have to speak throu

6、gh microphone【14】in the wall to the residents before they can get admitted. In the streets there are white-color telephones. When one finds oneself【15】, he needs only to knock the receiver【16】the hook and the next instant the police will【17】. If one does not drive a car, it may well be dangerous for

7、 him or her to go out alone in the evening. At first I did not take this warning seriously.【18】, my two encounters with the Black people【19】dusk in the neighborhood were so unpleasant and frightening that I have【20】shut myself evenings in my room, in almost all studying, imposing a curfew on myself.

8、 （A）smallest（B） smaller（C） greatest（D）greater（A）instruct（B） tell（C） inform（D）conduct（A）alike（B） both.（C） like（D）either（A）upon（B） to（C） with（D）for（A）age（B） ages（C） time（D）times（A）the first（B） the former（C） the previous（D）the formal（A）later（B） latter（C） late（D）former（A）when（B） as（C） while（D）but（A）give

9、n（B） performed（C） conducted（D）acted（A）amazed（B） enticed（C） captured（D）attracted（A）outsides（B） outdoor（C） without（D）within（A）notorious（B） known（C） famous（D）popular（A）guarded（B） defended（C） protected（D）forefended（A）equipped（B） installed（C） put（D）inserted（A）in the moment（B） in necessity（C） in a junctur

10、e（D）in an emergency（A）off（B） out（C） down（D）away（A）rescue him（B） come to his rescue（C） come to save（D）save（A）Therefore（B） Moreover（C） However（D）Whatever（A）in（B） on（C） at（D）by（A）since（B） then（C） after（D）untilPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choos

11、ing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Income inequality in the United State remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970s, however, this period of stability ended, as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent. Over the course of the 1970s and 198

12、0s , an increasingly clear trend toward greater income inequality emerged. By the end of the 1980s, the top 20 percent of workers were receiving the largest share of income ever recorded by government figures, and the bottom three fifths were receiving the lowest shares ever recorded. This trend has

13、 continued into the 1990s and currently shows no signs of decline. When the indicators of growing inequality were first observed in the 1970s, some researchers argued that the effects were merely temporary artifacts of short-term labor market disturbances. The new occupational structure appears to b

14、e one with an increase of well-paid technical, scientific and professional jobs at the top, a sliding middle class, and a growing poorly-paid service and retail jobs at the bottom. Several important labor-force changes appeared to be contributing to the shifting occupational structure.As occupationa

15、l reconstructing and growing income inequality have become increasingly evident, a heated debate as to the causes and magnitude of these changes arose. Two dominant bodies of thought emerged around the issue: the job-skill mismatch thesis and the polarization thesis. Mismatch theorists argue that th

16、ere is an increasing distance between the high skill requirements of post-industrial jobs and the inadequate training and mediocre qualifications of workers. They see the post-industrial economy leaving behind unskilled workers, especially women and minorities. For the mismatch theorist, the trend t

17、oward greater inequality is temporary arid will dissipate once the supply of workers acquires the skills demanded by a post-industrial economy. And they predict that the workers will experience an upgrading in their wages over the long run. Polarization theorists, on the other hand, believe that the

18、 rise in inequality is permanent, a result of the shift to a service-based economy. This vision of the postindustrial economy is characteristically polarized. The problem according to these theorists, is the type of jobs being generated in the new economy, not worker attributes. Because they believe

19、 the causes are structural and permanent, polarization theorists would deny the efficacy of public policies designed to educate and train unskilled workers. They predict a long-term continuation of the trend towards increasing income inequality.Studies show that the long-run increase in income inequ

20、ality is also related to changes in the Nations labor market and its household composition. The wage distribution has become considerably more unequal with more highly skilled, trained and educated workers at the top experiencing real wage gains and those at the bottom real wage losses. One factor i

21、s the shift in employment from those goods-producing industries that have disproportionately provided high-wage opportunities for low-skilled workers, towards services that disproportionately employ college graduates, and towards low-wage sectors such as retail trade. But within industry, shifts in

22、labor demand away from less-educated workers are perhaps a more important explanation of eroding wages than the shift out of manufacturing.Also cited as putting downward pressure on the wages of less-educated workers are intensifying global competition and immigration, the decline of the proportion

23、of workers belonging to unions, the decline in the real value of the minimum wage, the increasing need for computer skills, and the increasing use of temporary workers. 21 From the Paragraph 1, we can see that beginning in the 1970s_.（A）income became more unequal（B） income became more equal（C） incom

24、e became more unstable（D）income became more stable 22 According to the statistics of the 1980s, which of the following is NOT true?（A）The top 20 percent of the workers earned more than the well-paid technicians.（B） Over half of the workers were poorly paid.（C） There were more service jobs.（D）Income

25、still remained unequal. 23 According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is NOT true?（A）Both mismatch theorists and polarization theorists think that greater inequality will remain.（B） Mismatch theorists and polarization theorists have opposite views regarding the post-industrial econo

26、my.（C） Polarization theorists do not think it useful to train the workers.（D）Both groups of theorists try to explain the causes of income inequality. 24 Which of the following statements is true?（A）The long-run increase in income inequality is caused by he wage distribution.（B） fewer goods-producing

27、 industrial workers will be employed.（C） Not enough college students are employed by different services.（D）Less educated workers have become more important. 25 According to the writer, intensifying global competition and immigration will _.（A）reduce the proportion of union workers（B） reduce the real

28、 value of the minimum wage（C） increase the use of temporary workers（D）make the wages of less-educated workers go down 25 With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. Thats a move similar to what a Texas AM University

29、 researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark“.Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas AMs College of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo transfer work and related procedures, says he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success p

30、ossible. Its a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and its very much like what were attempting here at Texas AMto save animals from extinction. “Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species shou

31、ld become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becom

32、ing extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years t

33、o complete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,“ Kraemer believes. “They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and its difficult, but this could be gro

34、undbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort , “adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas AM, the first-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something thats never been done, and t

35、his is very similar to our work in Noahs Ark. Were both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and theres a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. Its a research that is very much needed. “ 26 The aim of “Noahs Ark“ project is to_.（A）implant embr

36、yo into a host animal（B） salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandas（C） save endangered animals from extinction（D）introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg ceils of a Japanese white rabbit 27 How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to the passage?（A）1 year.（B） 3 to

37、 5 years.（C） 2 years.（D）25 years. 28 The word “groundbreaking“(Paragraph 7) can be interpreted as_.（A）essentially new（B） pioneering（C） evolutionary（D）epoch-making 29 What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Professor Kraemer?（A）Lack of available panda eggs.（B） Lack of host anim

38、als.（C） Lack of qualified researchers.（D）Lack of funds. 30 The best title for the passage may be_.（A）Chinathe Native Place of Pandas Forever（B） Chinas Efforts to Clone Pandas（C） Chinas First Cloned Panda（D）Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas 30 It is incongruous that the number of British inst

39、itutions offering MBA courses should have grown by 254 percent during a period when the economy has been sliding into deeper recession. Optimists, or those given to speed, assumptions, might think it marvelous to have such a resource of business school graduates ready for the recovery. Unfortunately

40、, there is now much doubt about the value of the degree not least among MBA graduates themselves, suffering as they are from the effects of recession and facing the prospect of shrinking management structures.What was taken some years ago as a ticket of certain admission to success is now being expo

41、sed to the scrutiny of cost-conscious employers who seek “can-dos“ rather than “might-dos“, and who feel that academia bas not been sufficiently appreciative of the needs of industry or of the employers possible contribution.It is curious, given the name of the degree, that there should be no league

42、 table for UK business schools; no unanimity about what the degree should encompass; and no agreed system of accreditation. Su rely there is something wrong. One wonders where all the tutors for this massive infusion of business expertise came from and why all this mushrooming took place.Perhaps com

43、panies that made large investments would have been wiser to invest in already existing managers, perched anxiously on their own internal ladders The Institute of Managements 1992 survey, which revealed that eighty-one per cent of managers thought they personally would be more effective if they recei

44、ved more training, suggests that this might be the case. There is, too, the fact that training alone does not make successful managers. They need the inherent qualifications. Of character; a degree of self-subjugation; and above all, the ability to communicate and lead; more so now, when empowerment

45、 is a buzzword that is at least generating genuflexions, if not total conviction.One can easily think of people, some comparatively unlettered, who are not lauded captains of industry. We may, therefore, not need to be too concerned about the fall in applications for business school places, or even

46、the doubt about MBAs. The proliferation and subsequent questioning may have been an inevitable evolution. If the Management Charter Initiative, now exploring the introduction of a senior management qualification, is successful, there will be a powerful corrective.We believe now that management is al

47、l about change. One hopes there will be some of that in relationship between management and science within industry, currently causing concern and which is overdue for attention. No-one doubts that we need more scientists and innovation to give us an edge in an increasingly competitive world. If sci

48、entists feel themselves undervalued and under-used, working in industrial ghettos, that is not a promising augury for the future. It seems we have to resolve these misapprehensions between science and. industry. Above all, we have to make sure that management is not itself smug about its status and

49、that it does not issue mission statements about communication without realizing that the essence of it is a dialogue. More empowerment is required and we should strive to achieve it. 31 What is the writers view in the reading passage?（A）He believes that there are too many MBAs（B） He believes that the degree is over-valued（C） He believes that standards are inconsistent（D）He believes that the degree has dubious value 32 According to the passage, employers_.（A）feel that they have not been consulted sufficiently about their