[考研类试卷]考研英语模拟试卷318及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语模拟试卷 318 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 My Space and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace,【1】at the same time, a growing

2、 body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social【2】play a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave. The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California at San

3、 Diego. The【3】reported last summer that obesity appeared to【4】from one person to another【5】 social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced【6】findings about another major health【7】: smoking. In a study published last week in the New E

4、ngland Journal of Medicine, the team found that a persons decision to【8】the habit is strongly affected by【9】other people in their social network quiteven people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually【10】.For【11】of their studies, they【12】of detailed r

5、ecords kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, Mass. , many of the participants were【13】somehowthrough spouses, neighbors, friends, co-workersenabling the research

6、ers to study a network that【14】12,067 people. Taken together, these studies are【15】a growing recognition that many behaviors are【 16】by social networks in【17】that have not been fully understood. And【18】may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of these networks for many【19】, such as

7、 encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even【20】crime.（A）so（B） but（C） as（D）although（A）resource（B） database（C） communication（D）intranet（A）pair（B） sociologists（C） spouse（D）universities（A）range（B） differ（C） vary（D）spread（A）between（B） among（C） in（D）through（A）consequent（B） controversial

8、（C） similar（D）diffident（A）issue（B） dispute（C） problem（D）question（A）cultivate（B） kick（C） leave（D）tick（A）how（B） that（C） what（D）whether（A）surprisingly（B） simultaneously（C） spontaneously（D）strongly（A）neither（B） none（C） both（D）which（A）made a companion（B） took advantage（C） took an attitude（D）had the best（

9、A）concerned（B） excluded（C） encouraged（D）connected（A）totaled（B） increased（C） summed（D）added（A）filling（B） blocking（C） fueling（D）contributing（A）swayed（B） deviated（C） bettered（D）deteriorated（A）order（B） ways（C） fear（D）case（A）it（B） there（C） they（D）if（A）reasons（B） keeps（C） good（D）purposes（A）banning（B） prom

10、oting（C） fighting（D）committingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Sadness isnt manlythis Eric Weaver knew. When depression engulfed this New York police sergeant, it took a different guise: a near-constant stat

11、e of anger. “One minute Id be okay and the next minute Id be screaming at my kids and punching the wall,“ he recalls. “My kids would ask, Whats wrong with Daddy? Whys he so mad all the time?“ For years, Weaver didnt know what was wrong. Weavers confusion about what tortured him was not unusual. Roug

12、hly a third of the 18 million or more Americans who suffer depression each year are men. Yet all too often, experts say, men fail to recognize the symptoms and get the treatment they need. For years, experts suspected that gender makes a big difference in depression. Studies from New York to New Zea

13、land have repeatedly found the same startling statistic: About twice as many women as men suffer from depression. That finding was considered one of the bedrock facts of modern mental health. Yet it has recently come under attack from critics who are concerned about underreporting of male depression

14、. William Pollack, Director of the Center for Men at McLean Hospital, is leading the charge against the well-entrenched depression gender gap. He argues that mens rate of depression may be nearly equal to womens. Just look at suicide rates, he says: Male suicides outnumber females four to one. That

15、ratio “is way too high to say that mens depression numbers are so low,“ he notes. Pollack and others contend that male depression goes unrecognized because, unlike the female version, it often doesnt fit the textbook signsat least in the early stages. Clinical depression at later stages looks much t

16、he same in both sexes. But in the prelude to a breakdown, that deepening despair is often expressed in very different ways. Instead of being weepy, men are more apt to be irritable and angrymoods that arent included in the classic diagnostic tests. “Their sadness and helplessness are hidden behind a

17、 mask of anger,“ says Pollack. “Men tend to act out“ to avoid dealing with uncomfortable feelings, adds Fredric Rabinowitz, a psychologist who works primarily with men. If they feel bad, theyre apt to get into fights on the job or at home, withdraw from family and friends, become obsessed with work

18、or hobbies. Most significantly, men often turn to drinking or drugs. Men have two to four times the rate of substance abuse problems as women, and Pollack contends that if this was recognized as a sign of depression, the gender gap would substantially narrow.21 Which of the following is true accordi

19、ng to the first two paragraphs?（A）Mr. Weaver considered anger was a guise of depression.（B） Depression may result in similar symptoms.（C） Men generally ignore the signs of depression and its treatment.（D）One third of male Americans suffer depression each year.22 Studies from New York to New Zealand

20、suggested that_.（A）women mental health was worse than mens（B） men are 50% less depressed than women（C） different gender faces different depressions（D）gender differences explained the depression rates23 According to the passage, Mr. Pollack believes that men facing depression_.（A）will choose to commi

21、t suicide（B） break down more easily than women（C） do not have the same symptoms as described in textbook（D）are often not diagnosed properly24 By saying “Men tend to act out“ (Line 1, Para. 6), the author implies that_.（A）men often fight outside（B） men usually hide their uncomfortable feelings（C） men

22、 would choose violent acts outside（D）men are easily offended by others25 Which of the following would be the best title for the text?（A）Male Depression: Re-examined（B） Symptoms of Depression: Gender Difference（C） Male Depression: Underlying Causes（D）Mask of Anger: Men Under Stress25 In America and E

23、urope magazine publishers have a common headache: total circulation is either flat or declining slightly as people devote more time to the internet, and an ever greater share of advertising spending is going online. Magazine units are mostly a drag on growth for their parents. Time Inc, the world s

24、biggest magazine company, has to fend off rum ours that its parent, Time Warner, will sell it. People in the industry expect that Time Warner will soon sell IPC Media, its British magazine subsidiary. The business model for consumer magazines is under pressure from several directions at once, both o

25、nline and off. Magazines have become more expensive to launch, and the cost of attracting and keeping new subscribers has risen. In America newsstand sales have been worryingly weak, partly because supermarkets dominate distribution and shelf-space is in short supply. The internets popularity has hi

26、t mens titles the hardest. FHM, the flagship “lads“ magazine of Emapa British media firm, for instance, lost a quarter of its circulation in the year to June. Not long ago consumer magazines were Emaps prize asset, but slowing growth from the division contributed to the companys decision to put itse

27、lf up for sale. Mens magazines are in trouble in most developed-world markets as people have quickly switched from magazines to online services. There are good reasons why magazine owners should not feel pessimistic, however. For readers, many of the pleasing characteristics of magazinestheir portab

28、ility and glossiness, for instance cannot be matched online. And magazines are not losing younger readers in the way that newspapers are. According to a study by the digital arm of Ogilvy Group, appetite for magazines is largely unchanged between older “baby boomers“ and young “millennials“. On the

29、advertising side, magazines are faring much better than newspapers, which are losing big chunks of revenue as classified advertising shifts online. Advertisers like the fact that in many genres, such as fashion, readers accept and value magazine ads and even consider them part of the product. Unfort

30、unately, magazine publishers have been slow to get onto the internet. “Eighteen months ago the internet was something they worried about after 4pm on Friday,“ says Peter Kreisky, a consultant to the media industry, “but now its at the heart of their business model. “ To their credit, however, big ma

31、gazine firms are doing far more than reproducing their print products online. They offer people useful, fun services onlineLagardere s Car and Driver website, for instance, offers virtual test drives, and Better Homes and Gardens online has a 3D planning tool to help people redesign their homes.26 I

32、n the first paragraph, the author mainly discusses_.（A）the effects of internet on the circulation of US and Europe magazines（B） the reason why parents dont subscribe to magazines（C） the problems American and European magazines face today（D）the consequences of peoples devotion to online magazines27 W

33、hich of the following is true of magazines current situation?（A）Magazines face pressures from the Internet only.（B） Magazines need to spend more on the marketing.（C） Most readers of magazines are attracted to online services.（D）Newsstand in America plays a major role in magazine sales.28 According t

34、o the text, magazine owners should not feel pessimistic in that_.（A）magazines are easier to carry（B） magazines are not losing young readers（C） magazines earn more from advertising than newspapers（D）magazines still have competitive features not found online29 When going onto the internet, big magazin

35、es_.（A）have changed their business model completely（B） are making use of internet flexibly（C） are taking prompt actions（D）have turned their products into online version30 Which of the following best summarizes the text?（A）Magazines faced with various challenges.（B） Threats posed by the internet to m

36、agazines.（C） Popularity lost with magazines.（D）New opportunities of magazines.30 It is a favorite pastime of older people to lament the defects of the young. Every generation seems to be convinced that in its day, standards were higher, schools were tougher and kids were smarter. But if I.Q. scores

37、are any measure, and even their critics agree they measure something, people are getting smarter. Researchers who study intelligence say scores around the world have been increasing so fast that a high proportion of people regarded as normal at the turn of the century would be considered way below a

38、verage by todays tests. Psychologists offer a variety of possible explanations for the increase, including better nutrition, urbanization, more experience with test taking, and smaller families. Some even say that television and video games have made childrens brains more agile. But no explanation i

39、s without its critics, and no one can say with certainty what effects, if any, the change is having on how people lead their daily lives. It is all the more mysterious because it seems to be happening in the absence of a simultaneous increase in scores on achievement tests. One explanation for the r

40、ise is ruled out: genetics. Because the increase has taken place in a relatively short period of time, it cannot be due to genetic factors. The worldwide pattern of rising scores in industrialized nations was discovered by Dr. James R. Flynn, now a professor at the University of Otego, New Zealand.

41、He began looking into the subject in the 1980s in an effort to rebut Dr. Arthur Jensen, the professor from the UC Berkeley who argued that even if the environments of blacks and whites were equalized, the 15-point gap in I. Q. scores between the races would only be partly eliminated. As Dr. Flynn in

42、vestigated, he found that I. Q. scores were going up almost everywhere he looked. Although the gap remains, Dr. Flynn said the movement in scores suggests that the gap need not be permanent. If blacks in 1995 had the same mean I. Q. that whites had in 1945, he said, it may be that the average black

43、environment of 1995 was equivalent in quality to the average white environment of 1945. “Is that really so implausible?“ Dr. Flynn asked. Meanwhile, the kinds of intelligence that are promoted and respected vary from time to time, said Dr. Patricia Greenfield, a psychology professor at the UCLA. Pla

44、ying computer games like Tetris promotes very different skills from reading novels. The new skills, she said, are manifested in the world. “Flynn will tell you we dont have more Mozarts and Beethovens,“ Dr. Greenfield said, “I say, look at the achievements of science, like DNA. Or look at all the te

45、chnological developments of this century. “31 The case of older people is mentioned to_.（A）illustrate the defects of young people（B） stress that standards of education are dropping（C） imply that young people are actually not more stupid than earlier generations（D）compare the intelligence gap between

46、 generations32 Which of the following is true of the intelligence increase according to the text?（A）Its influence on peoples life is not clear.（B） It is the result of better nutrition.（C） Achievement test scores have decreased.（D）People at the turn of the century scored lower on the I.Q. tests.33 On

47、 which of the following statement would Dr. Flynn most probably agree?（A）The I.Q. score gap between blacks and whites could not be eliminated.（B） The 15-point I. Q. gap was a result of miscalculation.（C） Great artists will not appear in our times.（D）Equal environments may result in equal IQ.34 We le

48、arn from the last paragraph that intelligence_.（A）should be respected and promoted from time to time（B） has various forms and measurements（C） will help game players improve their skills（D）is strongly influenced by the achievements like DNA35 The text intends to tell us that_.（A）the increase in human

49、 intelligence is an unavoidable process（B） human intelligence is becoming more predictable（C） human intelligence is getting higher in more than one aspect（D）I. Q is the key to ones success35 “Frontier“, one of many English words that took on new meanings in North America, has assumed as well a role in explaining the continents history during the past five hundred years. In time the word has acquired other connotations, both positive and negative. Among historians, the term “frontier“ is most c