[考研类试卷]考研英语（一）模拟试卷149及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 149 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 MySpace and other Web sites have unleashed a potent new phenomenon of social networking in cyberspace ,【B1】_at the same time, a gr

2、owing body of evidence is suggesting that traditional social【B2】_play a surprisingly powerful and under-recognized role in influencing how people behave.The latest research comes from Dr. Nicholas A. Christakis, at the Harvard Medical School, and Dr. James H. Fowler, at the University of California

3、at San Diego. The【B3】_reported last summer that obesity appeared to【B4】_from one person to another【B5】_social networks, almost like a virus or a fad. In a follow-up to that provocative research, the team has produced【B6】_findings about another major health【B7】 _; smoking. In a study published last w

4、eek in the New England Journal of Medicine, the team found that a persons decision to【B8 】_the habit is strongly affected by【B9】_other people in their social network quit even people they do not know. And, surprisingly, entire networks of smokers appear to quit virtually【B10】_For【B11 】 _of their stu

5、dies, they【B12】_of detailed records kept between 1971 and 2003 about 5,124 people who participated in the landmark Framingham Heart Study. Because many of the subjects had ties to the Boston suburb of Framingham, many of the participants were【B13】_somehow through spouses, neighbors, friends, co-work

6、ersenabling the researchers to study a network that【B14】_12,067 people.Taken together, these studies are【B15】_a growing recognition that many behaviors are【B16】_by social networks in【B17】_that have not been fully understood. And【B18】_may be possible, the researchers say, to harness the power of thes

7、e networks for many【B19】_, such as encouraging safe sex, getting more people to exercise or even【B20】_crime.1 【B1 】（A）so（B） but（C） as（D）although2 【B2 】（A）resource（B） database（C） communication（D）intranet3 【B3 】（A）pair（B） sociologists（C） spouse（D）universities4 【B4 】（A）range（B） differ（C） vary（D）spread5

8、 【B5 】（A）between（B） among（C） in（D）through6 【B6 】（A）consequent（B） controversial（C） similar（D）diffident7 【B7 】（A）issue（B） dispute（C） problem（D）question8 【B8 】（A）cultivate（B） kick（C） leave（D）tick9 【B9 】（A）how（B） that（C） what（D）whether10 【B10 】（A）surprisingly（B） simultaneously（C） spontaneously（D）strongl

9、y11 【B11 】（A）neither（B） none（C） both（D）which12 【B12 】（A）made a companion（B） took advantage（C） took an attitude（D）had the best13 【B13 】（A）concerned（B） excluded（C） encouraged（D）connected14 【B14 】（A）totaled（B） increased（C） summed（D）added15 【B15 】（A）filling（B） blocking（C） fueling（D）contributing16 【B16 】

10、（A）swayed（B） deviated（C） bettered（D）deteriorated17 【B17 】（A）order（B） ways（C） fear（D）case18 【B18 】（A）it（B） there（C） they（D）if19 【B19 】（A）reasons（B） keeps（C） good（D）purposes20 【B20 】（A）banning（B） promoting（C） fighting（D）committingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions be

11、low each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions mak

12、es for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than their parents did and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of the sexes“.If the pr

13、ocess goes too far and mans role is regarded as less importantand that has happened in some caseswe are as badly off as before, only in reverse.It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism“ but we dont want to exchange it for a “neo-Popi

14、sm“. What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists , social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not re

15、ceive all the creditnor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a womans place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze mans place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child.The family is a c

16、ooperative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules, because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems.Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is per

17、tinent not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.21 According to the text, notions of male superiority are_.（A）not maintained by most American women（B） difficult to maintain in a home where the woman does most of the work（C） completely alien to American mothers and fathers（D）diff

18、icult to maintain in a home where household tasks are shared by the mother and father22 The danger in the sharing of household tasks by the mother and father is that_.（A）the role of the father may become an inferior one（B） the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexes（C） sha

19、ring leads to masculine women and effeminate men（D）the father becomes physically worn out23 Today, people who specialize in family problems_.（A）reaffirm the belief that a womans place is in the home（B） would reestablish the father as the autocratic ruler of the family（C） are becoming more aware of t

20、he importance of the fathers role in the family（D）believe that the mother deserves all the credit or blame for the raising of the children24 According to the author, the solution of family problems_.（A）is best felt in hands of social workers and specialists on the family（B） is similar in all familie

21、s（C） needs to be reached by ways unique to each family（D）is not necessary in household where sharing is done25 The word “pertinent“(Line 2, Para. 5)most probably means_.（A）penetrating（B） profound（C） appropriate（D）irrelevant25 Is it possible that women may change their minds about going out to work i

22、n the face of all that social disordercrime, delinquent children, and divorces? So far there is no sign of it. A poll for the Whirlpool Foundation, a research body linked to the eponymous white-goods producer, found in the mid-1990s that most women in Western Europe and North America would want to w

23、ork whether or not they needed her money.Attitudes to working women vary considerably, even in the richer countries. One reason, according to Francoise Core, who conducted a study of female employment for the OECD, is that in countries where agriculture declined rapidly and early, and in which urban

24、ization and industry took over, the habit of fairly equal sharing of work between men and women was lost for a long time. New social expectations grew up along with the urban, nuclear family. This was true in Britain and America, for example, whereas in France the shift from agriculture came much la

25、ter, with a shorter gap before new service professions expanded to create jobs for women. This sort of difference also explains why sexual equality is more pronounced in Finlands labor market than in neighboring Swedens.Such a mixed heritage also explains why it is wrong to conclude that increasing

26、female participation in the workforcewith its 1960s assistant, the contraceptive pillhas caused crime and disorder. Even if the correlation could be shown to be based on causation, it would be wrong then to argue that female liberties should be curtailed with any degree of compulsion. Mr. Fukuyama o

27、f George Mason University stops short of this, but he praises Japan for having forbidden the use of the pill until this year, and wonder whether this will bring family breakdown and rising crime to Japan.Yet the correlation, is a broader one: that female liberation was merely a part of a general soc

28、ial change, as greater urbanization, affluence and mass education loosened family ties. There may have been a disruption, but the causes of it were wider than just a change in the status of women and in the ability to control pregnancy. And family ties are far from the only old bonds to have loosene

29、d. They have also grown looser in the area in which many women struggle: big business.26 According to the text, which of the following is true of an agricultural society?（A）There is fairly equal sharing of work among men and women.（B） Women play a more dominant role than men.（C） Men play a more domi

30、nant role than women.（D）Most crimes are committed by women.27 Which of the following would be inferred about Finland?（A）Its shift from agriculture came later than that in America and Great Britain.（B） Its habit of equal sharing of work among men and women was long lost.（C） It has a low crime rate.（D

31、）Its women are mostly employed in industrial sectors.28 The word “correlation“ in paragraph three refers to_.（A）the demise of agriculture and urbanization（B） female participation in the workforce and sexual discrimination against men（C） women employment and rising crime rates（D）urbanization and risi

32、ng crime rates29 Which of the following best expresses the views of Mr. Fukuyama of George Mason University?（A）Working women should be on the pill.（B） More women should be in the workforce.（C） Female liberties should be restrained through compulsory means.（D）Womens participation in the workforce may

33、 contribute to crime and disorder.30 In the last paragraph, the authors point is that_.（A）more women should be liberated from their homes（B） womens participation in the workforce has contributed to greater affluence and prosperity（C） crime and disorder may not be put down to womens participation in

34、the workforce alone（D）in big businesses women do better than men30 Europes governments are slamming the last door still open for so-called economic migrants from poor countries. Throughout the late 1980s more and more would-be migrants used this loophole. In 1992, 13 European countries were handling

35、 close to 700,000 requests for immigration a year. By June this year applications have dropped to almost a third of that rate.The largest falls are in Germany, which had Europes most open immigration policy, and in Sweden. In Germany almost all asylum-seekers and immigrants were let in and looked af

36、ter at public expense until tribunals judged(and usually rejected)claims of persecution in their own countries. When Germany tightened the rules in July 1993, it was host to over 500,000 asylum-seekers.Even countries like Britain and France, which had stricter ways of separating political from econo

37、mic migrants to begin with, have made it less attractive to seek asylum, as new figures from the Inter-governmental Consultations on Asylum Refugees and Migration Matters in Geneva suggest. Britains Home Office is speeding ways to detect fraudulent application and has increased fines on ships and ai

38、rlines that carry illegal immigrants.A common policy on asylum and immigration is an avowed goal of the European Union. Germany, which sees itself beset by would-be immigrants crossing neighboring lands, is especially keen. It wants other Europeans to consider the system Germany now uses of rejectin

39、g out of hand applications for political asylum from countries deemed “safe“ , beginning with all of Germanys immediate neighbors. Other European governments, notable Frances, believes that it may be a mistake to single out a handful of countries as free from persecution. Does this not imply, the Fr

40、ench would say, that asylum-seekers from countries off the list are at risk(and so deserve protection)? The French government would like to be a-ble to decide for itself. If the fall in asylum applications is a guide, Europe has a common policy despite itself; keep the poor foreigners out. But it is

41、 not clear that a fortress Europe policy by itself can work for long, now that the Cold War is gone. As Jonas Widgren, who monitors European migration in Vienna, points out, unless Western Europe works more closely on migration with Eastern Europe and Russian, it is simply storing up troubles.31 Ger

42、many now has a system of_.（A）rejecting asylum applications from economically safe countries（B） judging in court immigration-seekers reasons for application（C） imposing heavy fines on economic migrants from poor countries（D）cooperating with its neighbors in choosing politically safe nations32 The aut

43、hor of this essay suggests that_.（A）political asylum is often used as a way to escape control（B） until 1992 Germany only left ajar its door for asylum-seekers（C） France and the UK are both ideal choices for immigration-seekers（D）Europe tries covertly to work out a common immigration policy33 Which o

44、f the following is the meaning of “fraudulent“ in the third paragraph?（A）Authentic.（B） Frustrating.（C） Deceitful.（D）Smuggled.34 Which of the following is implied in the text?（A）Europe as a whole turns its back on poor immigrants.（B） European countries have a standard for political safety.（C） Germany

45、 only handles applications of persecuted migrants.（D）Other European governments will follow Germanys suit.35 How could the migration problem be solved as suggested by the author?（A）The European Union has to maintain a common policy on immigration.（B） Asylum-seekers have to offer sufficient evidence

46、of being persecuted.（C） Rich countries should welcome both economic and political immigrants.（D）Western Europe should cooperate closely with refugee-producing lands.35 Extraordinary creative activity has been characterized as revolutionary, flying in the face of what is established and producing not

47、 what is acceptable but what will become acceptable. According to this formulation , highly creative activity transcends the limits of an existing form and establishes a new principle of organization. However, the idea that extraordinary creativity transcends established limits is misleading when it

48、 is applied to the arts, even though it may be valid for the sciences. Differences between highly creative art and highly creative science arise in part from a difference in their goals. For the sciences, a new theory are the goal and end result of the creative act. Innovative science produces new p

49、ropositions in terms of which diverse phenomenon can be related to one another in more coherent ways. Such phenomena as a brilliant diamond or a nesting bird is relegated to the role of data, serving as the means for formulating or testing a new theory. The goal of highly creative art is very different; the phenomenon itself becomes the direct product of the creative act. Shakespeares Hamlet is not a tract ab