[考研类试卷]考研英语（一）模拟试卷95及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 95 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Even plants can run a fever, especially when they are under attack by insects or disease. But (1)_ humans, plants can have their te

2、mperature (2)_ from 3,000 feet awaystraight up. A decade ago, (3)_ the infrared scanning technology developed for military purpose and other satellites, physicist Stephen Paley (4)_ a quick way to take the temperature of crops to determine (5)_ ones are under stress. The goal was to let farmer (6)_

3、target pesticide spraying (7)_ rain poison on a whole field, which (8)_ include plants that dont have the pest problem.Even better, Paleys Remote Scanning Services Company could detect crop problem before they became (9)_ to the eye. Mounted on a plane flown at 3,000 fee (10)_, an infrared scanner m

4、easured the heat emitted by crops. The data were (11)_ into a color-coded map showing (12)_ plants were running “fevers“. Farmers could then spot spray, using 50 to 70 percent less pesticide than they (13)_ would.The bad news is that Paleys company closed down in 1984, after only three years. Farmer

5、s (14)_ the new technology and long-term backers were hard (15)_. But with the renewed concern about pesticides on produce, and refinements in infrared scanning, Paley hopes to (16)_ into operation. Agriculture experts have no doubt about the technology works. “This technique can be used (17)_ 75 pe

6、rcent of agricultural land in the United States“, says George Oerther of Texas AM. Ray Jackson, who recently retired from the Department of Agriculture, thinks (18)_ infrared crop scanning could be adopted by the end of the decade. But (19)_ Paley finds the financial backing (20)_ he failed to obtai

7、n 10 years ago.（A）as（B） with（C） like（D）unlike（A）taken（B） take（C） took（D）taking（A）adopted（B） adopting（C） adapted（D）adapting（A）put up with（B） came up to（C） came up with（D）stood up to（A）whose（B） which（C） what（D）where（A）precisely（B） extraordinarily（C） exceedingly（D）extremely（A）more than（B） less than（C）

8、rather than（D）other than（A）dominantly（B） deliberately（C） accidentally（D）invariably（A）seeming（B） clear（C） apparent（D）visible（A）at night（B） for the night（C） in night（D）over night（A）transmitted（B） transferred（C） transformed（D）transported（A）how（B） where（C） what（D）when（A）otherwise（B） still（C） thus（D）ther

9、efore（A）persisted in（B） resisted（C） insisted on（D）assisted（A）to find out（B） to be found（C） to find（D）to be found on（A）get off（B） get out（C） get away（D）get back（A）of（B） in（C） for（D）on（A）remote（B） lonely（C） removed（D）desolate（A）even if（B） if only（C） only if（D）though（A）where（B） which（C） how（D）whenGramm

10、ar21 We_ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.（A）just have had（B） have just had（C） just had（D）had just had22 You should have put the milk in the icebox; I expect it_undrinkable by now.（A）became（B） had become（C） becomes（D）has become23 He_killed last night if he had taken part in the surpris

11、e attack on the city.（A）would be（B） should have been（C） must have been（D）might have been24 I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I_the journey in exactly two days.（A）must make（B） must have made（C） was able to make（D）could make25 _the First World War, the United States became the

12、dominant force in the motion-picture industry.（A）It was during the advent under（B） With the advent of（C） To follow the advent in（D）Upon the advent at26 Mrs. Brown is supposed_for Italy last week.（A）to have left（B） to be leaving（C） to leave（D）to have been left27 Living in the western part of the coun

13、try has its problems, _obtaining fresh water is not the least.（A）with which（B） for which（C） of which（D）which28 I_a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.（A）should arrive（B） would be arriving（C） could have arrived（D）arrived29 He wore dark glasses to avoid_.（A）recognizing（B） recognized

14、（C） being recognized（D）to be recognized30 It was_we had hoped.（A）more a success than（B） a success more than（C） as much of a success as（D）a success as much asPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 Reduce Waste-Food

15、Experts in the food industry are thinking a lot about trash these days. Restaurants, colleges, hospitals and other institutions are compensating for the rising costs of waste in novel ways. Some are tracking their trash with software systems, making food in smaller amount or trying to cut down on tr

16、ash-hauling costs.Roughly 30 percent of food in the United States goes to waste, costing some $48 billion annually, according to a Stockholm International Water Institute study. A 2004 University of Arizona study estimated that 40 to 50 percent of food in the United States is wasted. Freshman studen

17、ts at Virginia Tech were surprised this year when they entered two of the campuss biggest dining hails to find there were no cafeteria trays. Getting rid of trays has cut food waste by 38 percent at the cafeterias, said Denny Cochrane, manager of Virginia Techs sustainability pro-gram. Before the pr

18、ogram began, students often grabbed whatever looked good at the canteen, only to find at the table that their eyes were bigger than their stomachs, he said.That same phenomenon often happens at Oregons Portland International Airport. Busy travelers often discard half-eaten meals into trash cans, add

19、ing dozens of tons of waste that the airport must pay the city to haul away. Now the airport is carrying out a program to install food-only trash carts. The food waste is collected in biodegradable bags and given to the city to use as compost. Besides being environmentally friendly, the changes may

20、save the airport money. It costs about $ 82 to have one ton of trash hauled from the airport to the city landfill. But food waste costs about $ 48 a ton to haul.Cutting back on the waste can require spending money on software and training. LeanPath, based in Portland, Ore. , sells a software system

21、to track food being thrown out. Steve Peterson, head chef at the MGM Grand hotel in Las Vegas, said he was surprised when he installed the LeanPath system and saw the value of food that was going out the back door. To cut costs, Peterson decided to reduce serving sizes. He said customers werent both

22、ered by the switch, which has helped him lower food waste by between 15 to 20 percent over 18 months.31 What is the main reason for people paying attention to food waste?（A）To lower the cost of food waste.（B） To save more food for the world.（C） To keep the dining room clean.（D）To reduce the effort o

23、f cooking.32 What kind of measure has been taken to cut food waste?（A）Making cafeteria at collage and universities trayless.（B） Using software system to trace the location of the trash.（C） Trying to remove the food waste little by little.（D）Charging higher prices for smaller amount of food.33 Whats

24、the benefit of installing food-only trash cans at the airport?（A）It will reduce the cost of removing the trash.（B） It will keep the airport clean and tidy.（C） It will faster the process of making trash into compost.（D）It will remind the passenger to produce less trash.34 In which way can software he

25、lp reduce the food waste?（A）It can store varieties of measures from which people can choose.（B） It can help people to be always informed of the food waste.（C） It can calculate the total amount of the food offered.（D）It can connect the food needed with the data of customers.35 What is the main idea o

26、f the passage?（A）Great amount of food is wasted at public places.（B） Individuals dont pay attention to food waste.（C） It costs more money to make environmental friendly disposal,（D）Lots of new methods are taken to dispose food waste.36 In 1967, in response to widespread public concern aroused by med

27、ical reports of asbestos(石棉 ) related deaths, the National Medical Research Council organized a committee of inquiry to investigate the health threats associated with the use of asbestos in the building industry.After examining evidences provided by medical researchers and building workers and manag

28、ement, the Council published a report which included advice for dealing with asbestos. The report confirming the findings of similar research in the United States and Canada. Exposure to relatively small quantities of asbestosis fibers, they concluded, was directly responsible for the development of

29、 cancers, asbestosis(石棉沉滞症) and related diseases. Taking into account evidence provided by economists and building industry management, however, the report assumed that despite the availability of other materials, asbestos would continue to play a major role in the British building industry for many

30、 years to come because of its availability and low cost.As a result, the council gave a series of recommendations which were intended to reduce the risks to those who might be exposed to asbestos in working environments. They recommended that, where possible, asbestos-free materials should be employ

31、ed. In cases where asbestos was employed, it was recommended that it should be used in such a way that loose fibers were less likely to enter the air. The report recommended that special care should be taken during working in environments which contain asbestos. Workers should wear protective equipm

32、ent and take special care to remove dust from the environment and clothing with the use of vacuum cleaner. The report identified five factors which determine the level of risk involved. The state and type of asbestos is critical to determining the risk factors. In addition, dust formation was found

33、to be limited where the asbestos was used when wet rather than dry.The choice of tools was also found to affect the quantities of asbestos particles that enter the air. Machine tools produce greater quantifies of dust than hand tools and, where possible, the use of the latter was recommended.A criti

34、cal factor that takes place in risk reduction is the adequate ventilation of the working environment. When work takes place in an enclosed space, more asbestos particles circulate and it was therefore recommended that natural or machine ventilation should be used. By closely following this advice, i

35、t was claimed that exposure could be reduced to a reasonably practical minimum.36 Exposure to asbestos fibers can cause cancer_（A）only when asbestos is used in building industry（B） only when it is used in large quantities（C） even if it is used in small quantities（D）if they are used when wet rather t

36、han dry37 Exposure to asbestos fibers is harmful to peoples health,_（A）so the use of asbestos is limited（B） but asbestos will continue to be used for a long time to come（C） so other new kinds of materials are under development（D）but they will not be so when ventilation devices are used38 It can be i

37、nferred from the passage that the real danger comes from_（A）the asbestos dust that people take in（B） the contact of the workers skin with asbestos particles（C） the inferior quality of the asbestos itself（D）the excessive use of man-made asbestos material39 Evidence from. the economists and the buildi

38、ng industries shows that_（A）exposure to asbestos fibers is cancer-causing（B） asbestos is in extensive use in building industry（C） use of asbestos is being reduced gradually（D）exposure to asbestos fibers can he reduced significantly40 In order to reduce the asbestos risk, the report gives the followi

39、ng suggestions except_（A）selecting appropriate type and state of asbestos（B） using wet asbestos instead of dry one（C） using hand tools instead of machine tools（D）working in an open place41 The hotels are lull, Japanese tourists throng the designer stores of Waikiki, and the unemployment rate is a me

40、re 3% of the workforce. So what could possibly knock Hawaii, the “aloha“ or “welcome“ state, off its wave? The answer is that Hawaiis 1.2m residents may one day get fed up with playing host to overseas visitors, 7m of them this year.Indeed, some residents are already fed up. KAHEA, an alliance of en

41、vironmentalists and defenders of native Hawaiian culture, bemoans the pollution caused by the cruise ships and the risk posed by the tourist hordes to creatures such as the dark-rumped petrel and the Oahu tree snail, or to plants like the Marsilea villosa fern. KAHEA has a point: the US FishWildlife

42、 Service currently lists some 317 species, including 273 plants, in the Hawaiian islands as threatened or endangered the highest number of any state in the nation. Even the state flower, the hibiscus Brackenridge, is on the danger list. The loss of species, says one government report, has been “stag

43、gering“. As for the impact of tourism On Hawaiian culture, a KAHEA spokeswoman wryly notes the element of exploitation: “Native Hawaiian culture is used as a selling pointcome to this paradise where beautiful women are doing the hula on your dinner plate.“So what else is new? Hawaiis environment and

44、 culture have been under threat ever since Captain Cook and his germ-carrying sailors dropped anchor in 1778. Foreign imports have inevitably had an impact on species that evolved over the millennia in isolation. Moreover, with up to 25 non native species arriving each year, the impact will continue

45、. But, as the US Geological Survey argues, the impact can add to biodiversity as well as lessen it. The real challenge, therefore, is for Hawaii to find a balance between the costs and the benefits of development in general and tourism in particular.The Benefits are not to be sneezed at. The states

46、unemployment rate has been below the national average for the past two and-a-half years. Economists at the University of Hawaii reckon that Hawaiians real personal income rose by 2.8% last year, will rise by 2.7% this year and will continue through 2007 at 2.5%. According to the states “strategic pl

47、an“ for the next decade, tourism should take much of the credit, accounting directly and indirectly for some 22% of the states jobs by 2007, more than 17% of its economic output and around 26% of its tax revenues.The trouble is that the costs can be high, too. As one economist puts it, “We have a Ma

48、nhattan cost of living and Peoria wage rates.“ That translates into a median house price today on the island of Oahu, home to three-quarters of the states population, of $500, 000, and a need for many workers to take on more than one job.41 What is the main idea of the first paragraph?（A）Hawaii is i

49、n short of the hotels now.（B） Japanese tourists account for the most part of the travelers.（C） The unemployment rate in Hawaii is very low.（D）Hawaii may change its “welcome“ policy.42 How do Hawaiis residents receive tourists now?（A）Get fed up with them.（B） Warmly welcome them.（C） With reserved welcome.（D）With traditional hospitality.43 According to the passage, all these following are problems resul