[考研类试卷]考研英语（一）模拟试卷97及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 97 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It 1 its attention upon those physical characteristics and indus

2、trial techniques, conventions and values, which 2 one community from all others that belong to a different tradition. The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other societies 3 our own. For its purposes any social 4 of mating and reprodu

3、ction is as significant as our own. To the anthropologist our customs and those of a New Guinea tribe are two possible social schemes for 5 a common problem, and in so far as he remains an anthropologist he is 6 to avoid any weighting of one 7 the other. He is interested in human behavior, not as it

4、 is shaped by one tradition, our own, but as it has been shaped by any tradition 8 . He is interested in a wide 9 of custom that is found in various cultures, and his object is to understand the way in which these cultures change and 10 , the different forms through which they express themselves and

5、 the 11 in which the customs of any peoples function in the lives of the 12 Now custom has not been commonly regarded as a 13 of any great moment. The inner workings of our own brains we feel to be uniquely 14 of investigation, but custom, we have a way of thinking, is behavior at its most commonpla

6、ce. 15 it is the other way round. Traditional custom is a mass of detailed behavior more astonishing than 16 any one person can ever evolve in individual actions. Yet that is a rather 17 aspect of the matter. The fact 18 first rate importance is the predominant role that custom 19 in experience and

7、belief, and the very great varieties it may 20 .（A）pays（B） revolves（C） fastens（D）draws（A）distinguish（B） prohibit（C） dispel（D）exempt（A）of（B） from（C） for（D）than（A）regulation（B） execution（C） prosecution（D）disposition（A）meditating on（B） imposing on（C） tangling with（D）dealing with（A）acknowledged（B） autho

8、rized（C） bound（D）credited（A）in favor of（B） instead of（C） rather than（D）in contrast with（A）however（B） though（C） whatsoever（D）indeed（A）option（B） span（C） prototype（D）range（A）deviate（B） fluctuate（C） differentiate（D）segregate（A）manner（B） means（C） case（D）context（A）personnel（B） locality（C） natives（D）indivi

9、duals（A）subject（B） object（C） objective（D）subjective（A）worth（B） worthwhile（C） worthy（D）rewarding（A）As a matter of fact（B） On the whole（C） In general（D）On the other hand（A）that（B） why（C） how（D）what（A）vulgar（B） lofty（C） grim（D）trivial（A）in（B） of（C） at（D）to（A）functions（B） plays（C） makes（D）leads（A）manife

10、st（B） illustrate（C） reveal（D）indicateGrammar21 _from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.（A）Jumped down the burglar（B） Down the burglar jumped（C） The burglar jumped down（D）Down jumped the burglar22 The bedroom is in a terrible mess; it_cleaned.（A）cant have been（B） shouldnt h

11、ave been（C） mustnt have been（D）wouldnt have been23 Mikes uncle insists _in this hotel.（A）staying not（B） not to stay（C） that he would not to stay（D）that he not stay24 They will get the job done in_time.（A）three quarter of an hour（B） three quarters of an hour（C） three quarter of an hours（D）three quart

12、ers of an hours25 It is better to die on ones feet than_ones knees.（A）on（B） live on（C） living on（D）to live on26 Everyone congratulated the captain, _whom the team could not have won.（A）without（B） except（C） beyond（D）besides27 I wonder why Mary didnt come to the examination yesterday. She_ since she h

13、ad already passed it.（A）didnt need to（B） neednt take it（C） neednt to（D）neednt have taken it28 Can you imagine the fat _ famous as an actor?（A）boy become（B） boy to become（C） boy becoming（D）boys becoming29 It is generally thought to be of importance to a man that he_himself.（A）knew（B） know（C） knows（D）

14、must know30 Send the note to_is in the office.（A）whoever（B） whomever（C） no matter who（D）whicheverPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)31 After World War the glorification of an ever-larger GNP formed the basis of a

15、 new materialism, which became a sacred obligation for all Japanese governments, businesses and trade unions. Anyone who mentioned the undesirable by-products of rapid economic growth was treated as a heretic. Consequently, everything possible was done to make conditions easy for the manufacturers.

16、Few dared question the wisdom of discharging untreated waste into the nearest water body or untreated smoke into the atmosphere. This silence was maintained by union leaders as well as by most of the countrys radicals; except for a few isolated voices, no one protested. An insistence on treatment of

17、 the various effluents would have necessitated expenditures on treatment equipment that in turn would have given rise to higher operating costs. Obviously, this would have meant higher prices for Japanese goods, and ultimately fewer sales and lower industrial growth and GNP.The pursuit of nothing bu

18、t economic growth is illustrated by the response of the Japanese government to the American educational mission that visited Japan in 1947. After surveying Japans educational program, the Americans suggested that the Japanese fill in their curriculum gap by creating departments in chemical and sanit

19、ary engineering. Immediately, chemical engineering departments were established in all the countrys universities and technical institutions. In contrast, the recommendation to form sanitary engineering departments was more or less ignored, because they could bring no profit. By 1960, only two second

20、-rate universities, Kyoto and Hokkaido, were interested enough to open such departments.The reluctance to divert funds from production to conservation is explanation enough for a certain degree of pollution, but the situation was made worse by the type of technology the Japanese chose to adopt for t

21、heir industrial expansion. For the most part, they simply copied American industrial methods. This meant that methods originally designed for use in a country that stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific with lots of air and water to use as sewage receptacles were adopted for an area a fraction o

22、f the size. Moreover, the Japanese diet was much more dependent on water as a source of fish and as an input in the irrigation of rice; consequently discharged wastes built up much more rapidly, in the food chain.Notes: heretic 异教徒。sanitary 卫生的。for the most part 基本上。receptacle 储存地。31 According to th

23、e text, no measures were resorted to in environmental protection after World War in Japan because _.（A）they were reckoned to be unnecessary.（B） they would check economic development.（C） no one was much interested in them.（D）pollution was held as inevitable at that time.32 According to the context, t

24、he word “effluents“ in Para. 1 is closest in meaning to _.（A）by-effects.（B） drainage.（C） solid wastes.（D）risks.33 It can be learned from the text that soon after the Second World War _.（A）hardly anyone suspected that it was unwise to contaminate the water and air.（B） people unanimously found it acce

25、ptable to damp industrial wastes into the sea.（C） the government tried to deal with the pollution problem but in vain.（D）nobody attached great significance to the remedy for public hazards.34 According to the logical clue of the text, the second paragraph is an example to show that _.（A）Japan was ma

26、rkedly influenced by the U.S. in education.（B） education in Japan was not so developed as that in the U.S（C） Japanese educational institutions were much the same as those in the U.S（D）the Japanese government concerned itself only about the economic gain.35 Which of the following is not a reason for

27、the rapidity and intensity of pollution in Japan?（A）The Japanese were generally modeled on the American pattern of industrial development.（B） Japan was unwilling to allocate funds for the solution to environmental problems.（C） No sanitary engineering departments were set up in higher institutions in

28、 Japan.（D）Japan placed too much emphasis on economic growth and neglected environment.35 For three decades weve heard endlessly about the virtues of aerobic (increasing oxygen consumption) exercise, Medical authorities have praised running and jumping as the key to good health, and millions of Ameri

29、cans have taken to the treadmill(踏车)to reap the rewards. But the story is changing. Everyone from the American Heart Association to the surgeon generals office has recently embraced strength training as a complement to aerobics. And as weight lifting has gone mainstream, so has the once obscure prac

30、tice known as “Super Slow“ training. Enthusiasts claim that by pumping iron at a snails pacemaking each “rep“ (repeat) last 14 seconds instead of the usual seven-you can safely place extraordinary demands on your muscles, and call forth an extraordinary response. Slow lifting may not be the only exe

31、rcise you need, as some advocates believe, but the benefits are often dramatic.Almost anyone can handle this routine. The only requirements are complete focus and a tolerance for deep muscular burn. For each exerciseleg press, bench press, shoulder press and so onyou set the machine to provide only

32、moderate resistance. But as you draw out each rep, depriving yourself of impetus, the weight soon feels unbearable. Defying the impulse to stop, you keep going until you cant complete a rep. Then you sustain your vain effort for 10 more seconds while the weight sinks gradually toward its cradle. Int

33、ense? Uncomfortable? Totally. But once you embrace muscle failure as the goal of the workout, it can become almost pleasure.The goal is not to burn calories while youre exercising but to make your body burn them all the time. Running a few miles may make you sweat, but it expends only 100 calories p

34、er mile, and it doesnt stimulate much bone or muscle development. Strength training doesnt burn many calories, either. But when you push a muscle to failure, you set off a pour of physiological changes. As the muscle recovers over several days, it will thicken and the new muscle tissue will demand s

35、ustenance. By the time you add three pounds of muscle, your body requires an extra 9,000 calories a month just to break even. Hold your diet steady and, very quickly, you are vaporizing body fat.One might have benefited from any strength-training program. But advocates insist that the slow technique

36、 is safer and more effective than traditional methods.36 Many Americans have taken to treadmill for years by virtue of_.（A）its inherent awards to their health（B） its greater consumption of oxygen（C） the compliment paid by authorities（D）the actual benefits from the exercise37 According to the author,

37、 “Super Slow“ training_.（A）has been misunderstood for decades（B） has been widely accepted recently（C） has been the basis of weight lifting（D）has become the nucleus of aerobics38 In practicing slow lifting, one has to_.（A）complete each rep with great demands for his muscles（B） bear the unusual reacti

38、on caused by the training（C） suffer the bitter effect called forth by the exercise（D）exert extraordinary pressure on his legs and shoulders39 Slow weight lifters are required to make each rep .（A）without using any driving force（B） without movement of their body（C） with unbearable iron weights（D）with

39、 the feeling of muscle failure40 The phrase “to break even“ (Line 7, Para. 3) most probably means_.（A）to upset the physical energy balance（B） to disturb the calmness of the body（C） to gain a greater profit than a loss（D）to make neither a profit nor a loss41 Tom Burke recently tried to print out a bo

40、arding pass from home before one of the frequent/lights he takes. He couldnt. His name, or one similar to it, is now on one of the Transportation Security Administrations terrorist watch lists.Every day, thousands of people like Burke find themselves unable o do things like print a boarding pass and

41、 are pulled aside for extensive screening because their name, or a name that sounds like theirs, is on one of the watch lists. From the TSAs perspective, the screening is just one of the many new layers of increased security that are designed to prevent terrorist activity. The inconvenience is regre

42、ttable, but a price that society has to pay for security. And for national security reasons, the FBI and other government agencies responsible for supplying names to the lists will not disclose the criteria they use. They say that would amount to tipping their hands to the terrorists.But civil liber

43、tarians are more concerned about the long-term consequence of the current lists. On Sept. 11, 2001, the no-fly list contained 16 names. Now, the combined lists are estimated to have as many as 20,000. Internal FBI memos from agents referred to the process as “really confused“ and “not comprehensive

44、and not centralized.“ Burke and others contend that such comments axe disturbing, because it was during the first year after the attacks that the watch lists grew exponentially.“The underlying danger is not that Tom. Burke can no longer get a boarding pass to get on an air line,“ says a lawyer. “Its

45、 that the Tom Burkes in the world may forever more be associated (with the terrorist watch list).“ Burke says they do know that the lists axe frequently updated and distributed internationally, but they dont know how the old lists are destroyed. They also hope to ensure that sometime in the future a

46、 person whose name is on the list, but is not a terrorist, does not run into further trouble if, say, law enforcement in another country that theyre visiting comes across their name on one of the old lists.In addition, airlines are concerned that the lists are not updated frequently enough. “Weve be

47、en encouraging the TSA to work with all of the other federal law-enforcement agencies to get a regular re view of the names that they submit to TSA, because there have been reports that these agencies have said that if there was a review, many of the names could be removed,“ says Diana Cronin of the

48、 Air Transport Association.41 The number of names on the no-fly list increases rapidly from 16 to 20,000 most probably because（A）terrorist attacks are launched frequently.（B） many peoples names are similar to known terrorists.（C） the screening system is not effective enough.（D）terrorists are not acc

49、urately identified after 9.11.42 In the eyes of the TSA, the current system is（A）inconvenient and pointless.（B） reasonable but imperfect.（C） effective and praiseworthy.（D）necessary but impractical.43 The attitudes of FBI and Burke towards the reliability of the no-fly list are（A）similar.（B） opposite.（C） confusing.（D）ambiguous.44 According to paragraph 4, Burkes great concern about the current system is that（A）the system fails to update internationally.（B