[考研类试卷]考研英语（一）模拟试卷99及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（一）模拟试卷 99 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 1 Advances in computers and data networks inspire visions of a future “information economy“ in which everyone will have (1)_ to gigab

2、ytes of all kinds of information anywhere and anytime, (2)_ information has always been a (3)_ difficult commodity to deal with, and, in some ways, computers and high-speed networks make the problems of buying, (4)_, and distributing information goods worse (5)_ better. The evolution of the Internet

3、 itself (6)_ serious problems. (7)_ the Internet has been privatized, several companies are (8)_ to provide the backbones that will carry traffic (9)_ local networks, but (10)_ business models for interconnectionwho pays how much for each packet (11)_, for examplehave (12)_ to be developed. (13)_ in

4、terconnection standards are developed that make (14)_ cheap and easy to transmit information across independent networks, competition will (15)_. If technical or economic (16)_ make interconnection difficult, (17)_ transmitting data across multiple networks is expensive or too slow, the (18)_ suppli

5、ers can offer a significant performance (19)_; they may be able to use this edge to drive out competitors and (20)_ the market.（A）admission（B） access（C） right（D）command（A）Because（B） Though（C） But（D）If（A）distinctly（B） notoriously（C） well-known（D）especially（A）manufacturing（B） selling（C） allotting（D）pu

6、rchasing（A）more than（B） less than（C） than（D）rather than（A）poses（B） produces（C） makes（D）brings（A）Provided that（B） In that（C） Now that（D）Given that（A）competing（B） struggling（C） fighting（D）contending（A）through（B） in（C） on（D）between（A）imaginable（B） credible（C） workable（D）tangible（A）transmitted（B） transf

7、erred（C） transformed（D）transported（A）but（B） yet（C） still（D）then（A）If（B） Because（C） Though（D）for（A）that（B） what（C） it（D）which（A）prosper（B） improve（C） promote（D）flourish（A）elements（B） factors（C） ingredients（D）components（A）so that（B） for that（C） in that（D）except that（A）biggest（B） vastest（C） largest（D）g

8、reatest（A）benefit（B） drawback（C） profit（D）advantage（A）predominate（B） take（C） enlarge（D）monopolizeGrammar21 The taller the container, _at the bottom.（A）the greater will the water pressure be（B） the water pressure will be greater（C） the greater will be the water pressure（D）greater the water pressure w

9、ill be22 The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he_himself.（A）injure（B） had injured（C） injured（D）would injure23 You cant imagine_.（A）what did we have awful weather（B） what weather awful did we have（C） what awful weather we did have（D）what awful weather had we24 Peter used to live in London

10、, _?（A）usednt he（B） wasnt he（C） didnt he use（D）didnt he use to25 He_unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.（A）may have acted（B） must have acted（C） should act（D）would act26 My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he_go there.（A）not to（B） wont（C） does not（D）no

11、t27 Husband and wife with a common duty to the country will find themselves_closer together.（A）draw（B） drawing（C） drawn（D）to draw28 So little_about mathematics that the lecture was completely beyond me.（A）I knew（B） did I know（C） I know（D）do I know29 It is most desirable that he_hands with us in our

12、common effort.（A）join（B） joined（C） will join（D）be joined30 Its no use_with him. You might as well argue with a stone wall.（A）arguing（B） of arguing（C） in arguing（D）to arguePart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)30 The

13、 Action of Vitamin DI, a mother of two girls, gave birth to a third girl one month ago. The pediatrician recommended a liquid multivitamin that contains 400 international units (IUs) of Vitamin D for the new born baby, which confused me a lot. When my first girl, who is now 4, was born, the doctor t

14、old us to simply get her out in the sun from time to time to let her body produce Vitamin D. When our second child was born two years ago, we were told to give her a multivitamin that had 200 lUs of Vitamin D. So there is a big change, and what do we really know about its risks and benefits?Turns ou

15、t the debate about how much Vitamin D we need has intensified over the past 10 years. One part of the discourse focuses on the growing body of research that point to numerous health benefits of the chemical (actually a hormone) ; it can help prevent rickets in children and severe bone loss in adults

16、 and potentially lowers the risk of multiple sclerosis, juvenile diabetes, cancer, heart disease, colds and influenza.Amid all this new evidence, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) has assembled a panel of experts to reevaluate just how much Vitamin D we really need and can safely tolerate. Current IOM

17、 recommendations, set in 1997, are 200 Ills a day from birth to age 50 and a bit more after that. The upper limit of safety, according to the institute, is 2, 000 lUs dailytoo much can lead to, among other things, nausea and kidney stonesyet some vitamin D proponents are pushing for up to 4,000 lUs

18、a day for adults.The IOM review wont be completed until May 2010. In the meantime, Dr. Frank Greer, chairman of the nutrition committee at the American Academy of Pediatrics, is confident that the academys new guideline of 400 IDs is enough for kids under 2. But, he wonders, “what about adolescents?

19、 Do they need 800?“ That remains to be seen.In addition to the question of how much Vitamin D, there is debate over the best way to get it. About 10 to 15 minutes spent outside in full sun will give a fair-skinned person dressed only in his skivvies 10,000 to 20,000 lUs. Some vitamin D advocates poi

20、nt to the vigorous use of sunscreen as the reason studies show that so many Americans dont get enough D. But we dont want taking advantage of the potential benefits of Vitamin D to mean increased risk of contracting skin cancer. In addition to supplements, there are foods that naturally contain Vita

21、min D (salmon, egg yolks, liver) and others that are fortified with it (milk, cereals, juices, breads). And, of course, there is always codliver oil.31 Which one of the following statements is TRUE according to Para. 1 ?（A）The amount of Vitamin D intake for the authors first child is a half of that

22、for her third child.（B） The authors new born baby was taking Vitamin D pills.（C） Sunshine can help produce Vitamin D.（D）The authors second child did not have any Vitamin D supplement when born.32 What can be inferred from Para. 2?（A）There is a universal agreement on the safety level for the amount o

23、f Vitamin D intake.（B） Few researches on the amount of Vitamin D intake have been carried out.（C） Vitamin D belongs to the category of hormone.（D）Vitamin D is only useful for retaining the bone.33 Which of the following descriptions about the amount of Vitamin D intake is true?（A）The upper limit of

24、Vitamin D intake for adults is 400 lUs.（B） It is dangerous for adults to take 2,000 lUs Vitamin D daily.（C） An overdose of Vitamin D does not necessarily result in diseases.（D）For people under 50, it is safe to take 200 lUs Vitamin D daily.34 What can we learn from the passage?（A）People can hardly g

25、et Vitamin D from daily diet.（B） Heavy use of sunscreen can promote the Vitamin D production by the body.（C） The Vitamin D density is strengthened in milk and bread.（D）The standard amount of Vitamin D intake keeps no change for kids and adolescents.35 This passage is mainly to_.（A）give the answers o

26、n the safe amount of vitamin D intake（B） introduce the disagreements over the Vitamin D intake and the general knowledge about Vitamin D（C） present her own questions on medicine and ask for help（D）show off her knowledge on child-care35 Chest Compressions: Most Important of CPRCardiopulmonary resusci

27、tation, or CPR, can save the life of someone whose heart has stopped. The condition is called cardiac arrest. The heart stops pumping blood, The Person stops breathing. Without lifesaving. measures, the brain, starts to die within four to six minutes. CPR combines breathing into the victims mouth an

28、d repeated presses on the chest. 41However, a new Japanese study questions the usefulness of mouth-to-mouth breathing. The study was published in the British medical magazine, The Lancet. Doctors in Tokyo led the research. It examined more than four thousand people who had suffered cardiac arrest. I

29、n all the cases, witnesses saw the event happen.More than one thousand of the victims received some kind of medical assistance from witnesses. Seven hundred and twelve received CPR. Four hundred and thirty-nine received chest presses only. 42 The researchers say any kind of CPR improved chances of t

30、he patients survival. But, they said those people treated with only chest presses suffered less brain damage. Twenty-two percent survived with good brain ability. 43The American Heart Association changed its guidelines for CPR. chest presses in 2005. 44 Gordon Ewy is a heart doctor at the University

31、 of Arizona College of Medicine in Tucson. He wrote a report that appeared with the study. Doctor Ewy thinks the CPR guidelines should be changed again. He said the heart association should remove rescue breaths from the guidelines. He argues that more witnesses to cardiac arrests would provide trea

32、tment if rescue breaths are not a part of CPR. He says this would save lives. 45_Cardiac arrest kills more than 300, 000 people in the United States every year. The American Heart Association says about ninety-five percent of victims die before they get to a medical center.A. So far, we have not kno

33、wn exactly yet whether mouth-to-mouth breathing is really useless in CPR.B. Only ten percent of the victims treated with traditional CPR survived with good brain ability.C. CPR keeps blood and oxygen flowing to the heart and brain.D. His studies show that many people do not want to perform mouth-to-

34、mouth breathing on a stranger for fear of getting a disease.E. It said people should increase the number of chest presses from fifteen to thirty for every two breaths given.F. No mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths were given to them.40 Suppose Charles Darwin had been swept overboard and drowned during th

35、e voyage of the Beagle. What would the world be like without him? That is the question Peter Bowler sets out to answer in Darwin Deleted. He uses the notion of a world without Darwin to explore the context of evolutionary thought in the 19th century, and examine exactly what Darwins contributions we

36、re.In many ways, says Bowler, Darwin played less of a role than you might suppose. The concept of evolution was already around before Darwins Origin was published in 1859. Geologists were beginning to realise that Earth was much more than a few thousand years old, and palaeontologists were piecing t

37、ogether a fossil record that testified to vast changes in life forms over a long period of time. Darwins big idea was that evolution proceeded by natural selection; better-adapted individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, and thus pass on adaptive traits to their offspring, while less we

38、ll-adapted individuals die taking their failed traits with them. Others, notably Alfred Russel Wallace, came up a similar idea at about the same time, but only Darwins book attracted wide attention.That concept, with its emphasis on struggle, competition and the relentless elimination out of failure

39、s, was a bombshell. How could a merciful God permit such violence, such wastefulness? Darwins theory instantly polarised the public, with conservative Christians rejecting it outright and anti-religionists using it as an argument against the established church. Without Darwin, Bowler says, anti-reli

40、gionists might have seized another sword, perhaps using geological evidence for an ancient Earth as their weapon.Modern opponents may argue that Darwinism laid the foundation for societal amorality, resulting in two world wars and the Nazi atrocities. So would a world without Darwin have been a kind

41、er, gentler place? Not likely, says Bowler, who shows that the factors underlying the horrors of the past century or so, such as racism or imperialism, existed long before Darwin. True, the notion of Darwinism provided a useful rhetorical framework, as when Nazis spoke of “racial purification“ as a

42、step toward the evolution of better humans. But without Darwin they could easily have turned to another metaphor, says Bowler, such as the need to excise a cancer from society.All this is fascinating and should have made a lively book. But Bowler is so elaborate on his historical detail, so careful

43、to explore every angle of each point he makes, that he often leaves the reader unsure where he is going. Even so, the book is worth the effort. Bowler concludes that where Darwin really mattered was in timing. Here, ironically, the shock of his book, and the polarisation it caused, may have delayed

44、the acceptance of evolution. The great man was ahead of his time, and science may have paid a price for that.41 We learn from Paragraph 2 that the idea of evolution through natural selection _.（A）had arisen long before the publication of Origin（B） was less influential than generally supposed（C） was

45、shared by some of Darwins contemporaries（D）originated from geological evidences and fossil records42 Which of the following is true of Darwins theory of evolution?（A）It was initiated as a weapon against religion.（B） It offered solider evidences against religion than geology.（C） It split the religion

46、ists into two opposing groups.（D）It met strong oppositions from religionists.43 According to Bowler,attributing two world wars to Darwinism is_.（A）a shallow viewpoint（B） a profound insight（C） a reasonable account（D）an untested excuse44 According to Darwin Deleted, Darwin_.（A）holds some responsibilit

47、y for decline in social morality（B） has deferred the public embrace of evolution（C） emphasizes cooperation over competition（D）contributes little to scientific development45 The authors attitude towards Darwin Deleted can be generally described as_.（A）approving（B） skeptical（C） indifferent（D）critical4

48、5 Data security used to be all about spending big bucks on firewalls to defend data at the network perimeter and on antivirus software to protect individual computers. Internet-based computing, or cloud computing, has changed all that, at the same time expanding exponentially the chances for data th

49、ieves and hackers. The cloud creates other opportunities too. a handful of security vendors now deliver security as a service-a one-two punch of hardware and software that monitors and manages an enterprises data security and bills customers only for the computing power they use. “For years, security was about big companies pushing technology to their customers,“ says Qualys CEO and