[考研类试卷]考研英语（二）模拟试卷130及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 130 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 As I type these lines, my daughter, Harriet, who is 14, is on her iPhone skipping among no fewer than eight social media sites. My

2、 son, Penn, who is 15, will be asleep for hours yet. He was 【C1】_ all night with a friend playing two video games, in a jag fueled by his favorite foodlike【C2】_.I like that my kids are comfortable and alert in the wired world. But increasingly I am 【C3】 _ for them. Its more 【C4】_ every day that scre

3、ens have gradually stolen them from themselves. My wife, Cree, and I have 【C5】_ them to drift quite distantly into the online world, and we fear our casualness has been a【C6】_.Each summer Cree and I resolve to 【C7】_ things back. This is 【C8】_ we draft rules for a new school year, strictures like: no

4、 laptops in bedrooms during the week; homework before screen time; no electronics after 10 p.m These rules invariably begin to 【C9】_ by Day 3. By Day 4, there is pleading, and the discreet slamming of doors. By Day 8, no one is sure what the【C10】_are anymore. Were back where we started, and plump wi

5、th fear.This year it【C11】_to me we needed help. So I sat down with a new book that【C12】_assistance, and understanding. It is The Big Disconnect: Protecting Childhood and Family Relationships in the Digital Age, whose primary【C13】_, Catherine Steiner-Adair, is a clinical psychologist who teaches at H

6、arvard Medical School. Her book is【C14 】_on thousands of interviews, and it can be eloquent about the need to ration our children s computer time. Here the author has pinned me. I like to think I m a good father, perhaps even casually【C15】_in my better moments,【C16】_there is zero doubt that, without

7、 my iPhone in my palm, I feel I lose something since Im fairly【C17】_. I must change my life a bit.Cree and I are still hammering out our kids computer rules. We are trying to【C18 】_in mind that we re not our kids best friends; we re their【 C19】_. And we are【C20】_if there s an app for fortitude.1 【C1

8、 】（A）out（B） awaken（C） away（D）up2 【C2 】（A）objects（B） substances（C） things（D）materials3 【C3 】（A）disappointed（B） satisfied（C） terrified（D）worried4 【C4 】（A）common（B） serious（C） negative（D）apparent5 【C5 】（A）stopped（B） allowed（C） suggested（D）admitted6 【C6 】（A）habit（B） failure（C） fortune（D）disaster7 【C7 】（

9、A）rein（B） pay（C） return（D）keep8 【C8 】（A）when（B） what（C） where（D）because9 【C9 】（A）work（B） pause（C） cease（D）crack10 【C10 】（A）electronics（B） punishments（C） rules（D）concerns11 【C11 】（A）occurred（B） took（C） left（D）seemed12 【C12 】（A）applies（B） relates（C） offers（D）features13 【C13 】（A）character（B） author（C）

10、partner（D）editor14 【C14 】（A）written（B） identified（C） based（D）put15 【C15 】（A）inferior（B） superb（C） nice（D）playful16 【C16 】（A）and（B） besides（C） but（D）as17 【C17 】（A）confused（B） regretable（C） lonely（D）obsessive18 【C18 】（A）put（B） remember（C） stay（D）keep19 【C19 】（A）relatives（B） parents（C） companions（D）ene

11、mies20 【C20 】（A）wondering（B） thinking（C） guessing（D）hopingPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 What would make a smoker more likely to quit, a big reward for succeeding or a little penalty for failing? That is w

12、hat researchers wanted to know when they assigned a large group of CVS employees(CVS Caremark is the countrys largest drugstore chain by sales), their relatives and friends to different smoking cessation programs.“Adding a bit of a stick was much better than a pure carrot. These large employers are

13、spending an average of $800 to $900 per employee per year, but in ways that are often blind to normal human psychology“ said Dr. Scott Halpern, who led the study. The trial was intended to change that. Researchers randomly assigned the participants to a number of program options and let them decide

14、whether they wanted to participate. The penalty program required participants to deposit $150; six months later, those who had quit smoking would get the deposit back, along with a $650 reward. In the reward-only program, participants were simply offered an $800 payment if they stayed off cigarettes

15、 for six months.The trial, which was described in The New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday, was the largest yet to test whether offering people financial incentives could lead to better health. Researchers found that offering incentives was far more effective in getting people to stop smokin

16、g than the traditional approach of giving free smoking cessation help, such as counseling or nicotine replacement therapy like gum, medication or patches. But they also found that requiring a $150 deposit that would be lost if the person failed to stay off cigarettes for six months nearly doubled th

17、e chances of success.“This is an original set of findings,“ said Cass R. Sunstein, a Harvard law professor who helped develop some influential ideas in the field of behavioral economics, notably that if the social environment can be changedfor example, by posting simple warningspeople can be nudged

18、into better behavior. “They could be applied to many health issues, like alcoholism, or whenever people face serious self-control problems.“Over all, success eluded most of the study participants. More than 80 percent of smokers in the most popular pure rewards group were still smoking at the end of

19、 the study. Even so, researchers say, their success rate was far greater than for those who got the traditional treatment. Smoking is the largest cause of preventable death in the United States. Diseases linked to it kill more than 480,000 Americans a year. And even a small decline could have a big

20、health effect.21 The underlined word “that“ in Paragraph 2 refers to the situation that_.（A）using a carrot is worse than using a stick（B） the spending on physical examination is less（C） employers ignore normal human psychology of their staff（D）large companies put too much money in their employees22

21、Researchers found that the most effective smoking cessation approach was to_.（A）provide incentives（B） give penalty for failing（C） offer consultation services（D）provide nicotine replacement therapy23 According to Cass R. Sunstein, the findings of the study can be used in the following fields EXCEPT t

22、he field of_.（A）warnings（B） alcoholism（C） health problems（D）self-control issues24 It is implied from the last paragraph that offering financial incentives in the study_.（A）could get the highest success rate（B） changed 20 percent of smokers（C） might bring public health benefits（D）made most participan

23、ts quit smoking25 The most appropriate title for this passage would be_.（A）Can Carrot or Stick Better Help Smokers Quit?（B） Is Smoking Cessation Programs Effective in CVS?（C） Is Pure Rewards Group more Popular than Part Penalty Group?（D）Can Traditional Smoking Cessation Treatment Lead to Better Heal

24、th?25 When it comes to Barbie s body, it will no longer be one size fits all. On Thursday, Mattel unveiled curvy, petite and tall versions of its iconic fashion doll whose unrealistically thin shape has attracted criticism for decades. The three body types will also be sold in an assortment of skin

25、tones, eye colors and hairstyles.The move is about more than just making Barbie look different. While Barbie was once Mattels powerhouse brand, sales have plummeted in recent years as the doll has struggled to remain relevant to little girls who do not look like her and who play with toys other than

26、 dolls. “This is about drawing a wider demographic that had turned away from Barbie back to Barbie,“ said Jim Silver, the editor of a toy review website.But some industry experts and academics have long doubted that cosmetic changeswhether racial or body shapescan revive the popularity of the 57-yea

27、r-old Barbie, whose sales have been declining by double-digits in recent years. Executives have been optimistic, pointing to signs that Barbie s in-store sales began picking up last year.The slumping sales may also be partly attributed to the shift away from traditional toys toward electronics and g

28、ames in recent years, as many parents and children have clamored for less gender-specific toys. Even Lego, the world s top toymaker, has had to alter its strategy and some of its building block lines to accommodate the growth in the market for learning toys that appeal to boys and girls. Faced with

29、weakening sales in its core brands like Barbie, and criticism that it was too slow to pick up on trends, Mattel has undertaken a number of efforts to improve innovation.Barbie s new shapes also coincide with a progressive cultural shift already underway in stores and the toy aisles. Parents and many

30、 health experts have complained that too many dolls, models and even clothing companies conform to an extremely thin, even anorexic, body type and have pressured corporations to offer a broader variety of images and apparel sizes to give girls and boys more confidence in their own body shapes.And so

31、me parents, concerned about negative gender stereotypes(a racecar for a son, a princess doll for a daughter), have pushed retailers into more gender-neutral territory. The Disney Store, for example, decided to label all of its childrens Halloween costumes as “for kids,“ as opposed to for boys or gir

32、ls. Amazon, which by some measures accounts for more than half of all online sales, has banished gender distinctions for its toys.26 According to Jim Silver, Barbie adds curvy, petite and tall to body shapes in order to_.（A）make Barbie look different in skin tones, eye colors and hairstyles（B） cater

33、 to girls who do not look like Barbie and who play with other toys（C） let a wider range of people who lose interest in Barbie like Barbie again（D）let more people from different countries who have never known Barbie love Barbie27 What do some industry experts and academics think of Barbies change?（A）

34、It s too old for Barbie to vary its race and body shapes.（B） The change of makeup may not make Barbie popular again.（C） Barbie can not be in accordance with customer preferences.（D）Barbie can represent more girls with different racial and body shapes.28 Which of the following can be inferred from Pa

35、ragraph 4?（A）Electronics and games tend to be less gender-specific.（B） Lego will offer girls more career-oriented toys.（C） Lego will shift all of its energies to producing learning toys.（D）Mattel is not good at using new technology and innovative approach.29 According to the passage, parents and man

36、y health experts_.（A）complain that there are too many dolls and models（B） think that an extremely thin body type is comfortable（C） force clothing company to bring pressure to other corporations（D）hope that children are more confident of their own body shapes30 The introduction of Disney and Amazon h

37、elps to illustrate that_.（A）they try to help kids build self-confidence（B） there is no basis for some parents concerns（C） they reject the negative gender stereotypes from the start（D）there are some clothes and toys that are less gender-specific in retail stores30 Just as each wedding creates potenti

38、al business for divorce lawyers, so each engagement gives insurers a chance to drum up business. Future spouses, says Alan Tuvin of Travelers, an insurer, may wish to protect themselves against something going wrong on the wedding day. It is unlikely that your intended wife will leave on horseback,

39、as Julia Roberts did in “Runaway Bride“, and most insurers wouldn t cover that anyway. But you never know what might happen. Mr. Tuvin launched the firm s wedding-insurance business; he and his wife were its first clients.A typical American wedding costs 25,000 or so. This has fallen a bit over the

40、past quarter-century but still seems lavish given how tight American belts are these days. Weddings are pricey because the rich are more likely to marry than the poor, and the average age of newlyweds has gone up, so couples are more prosperous when they eventually tie the knot. High prices, and the

41、 fact that many venues require couples to take out liability insurance, feed demand for wedding insurance. A fifth of couples buy it, says the Wedding Report, a trade publication.Wedding insurance began in Britain: Cornhill, an insurer, wrote its first policy in 1988. But there were few takers. The

42、idea only took off once transplanted to America. In the early days, says Mr. Nuccio of Robert Nuccio of Wedsure, an surer, there were incidents of couples faking engagements to collect a payout. Since then, most policies have a clause that excludes “change of heart“. Wedsure does insure against cold

43、 feet, but its policy will pay out only if the wedding is cancelled more than 12 months before it is due to take place, thereby guarding against fiances phoning the broker once the relationship is already on the rocks.This does not mean policies are useless. Common causes of payouts include the venu

44、e or caterers going bust after having taken a big deposit. Extreme weather, a spouse being deployed by the armed forces and an absent priest can all trigger payouts. Most policies will pay to re-stage the photos if the photographer fails to turn up or disappears with the pictures.For some, even a sm

45、all risk of something going wrong on a day that has been planned for months is worth paying to avoid. Who says romance is dead?31 The example of Julia Roberts is used to show that_.（A）anything can happen on the wedding day（B） each engagement gives insurers a chance to profit（C） suddenness like that

46、is easy to happen during the wedding（D）most wedding insurers will cover things like that32 Which of the following cannot explain the development of wedding insurance?（A）Higher prices of weddings.（B） More liability insurance required.（C） The newlyweds getting older.（D）More demand for wedding insuranc

47、e.33 Wedsure s policy against cold feet will pay out on condition that _.（A）the fiances are due to break up（B） the fiances relationship is already on the rocks（C） the wedding is cancelled when it is due to take place（D）the wedding is cancelled more than one year in advance34 Common causes of payouts

48、 exclude that_.（A）caterers go bankrupt（B） a spouse changes the heart（C） the priest is not present（D）the photographer vanishes35 The author s attitude towards wedding insurance is_.（A）critical（B） neutral（C） approved（D）indifferent35 The mythology of a culture can provide some vital insights into the b

49、eliefs and values of that culture. By using fantastic and sometimes incredible stories to create an oral tradition by which to explain the wonders of the natural world and teach lessons to younger generations, a society exposes those ideas and concepts held most important. Just as important as the final lesson to be gathered from the stories, however, are the characters and the roles they play in conv