[考研类试卷]考研英语（二）模拟试卷55及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 55 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could be just for you.The clock, called Sl

2、eepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits【C1】_you to be in your lightest phase of sleep【C2】_rousing you. Its makers say that should【C3 】 _you wake up feeling refreshed every morning.As you sleep you pass【 C4】_a sequence of sleep stateslight sleep, deep sleep and REM(rapid eye movement)sleepthat

3、【C5】_approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can【C6】_how you feel later, and may【C7】_have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase【C8】_you are more likely to wake up energetic.SleepSmart【C9 】_the distinct pattern of

4、brain waves【C10】_during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped【C11】 _electrodes(电极)and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearer s brain, in much the【C12】_way as some machines used for medical and research【C13】_, and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near th

5、e bed. You【C14】_the clock with the latest time at【C15】_you want to be wakened, and it【C16】_duly( 适时地)wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that.The【C17 】_was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island【C18】_a friend complained of waking up tired and performing po

6、orly on a test. “【C19】_sleep-deprived people ourselves, we started thinking of【C20】_to do about it, “ says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea.1 【C1 】（A）beside（B） near（C）

7、 for（D）around2 【C2 】（A）upon（B） before（C） towards（D）till3 【C3 】（A）ensure（B） assure（C） require（D）request4 【C4 】（A）through（B） into（C） about（D）on5 【C5 】（A）reveals（B） reverses（C） resumes（D）repeats6 【C6 】（A）effect（B） affect（C） reflect（D）perfect7 【C7 】（A）already（B） ever（C） never（D）even8 【C8 】（A）means（B） ma

8、rks（C） says（D）dictates9 【C9 】（A）removes（B） relieves（C） records（D）recalls10 【C10 】（A）proceeded（B） produced（C） pronounced（D）progressed11 【C11 】（A）by（B） of（C） with（D）over12 【C12 】（A）familiar（B） similar（C） identical（D）same13 【C13 】（A）findings（B） prospects（C） proposals（D）purposes14 【C14 】（A）prompt（B） pro

9、gram（C） plug（D）plan15 【C15 】（A）where（B） this（C） which（D）that16 【C16 】（A）then（B） also（C） almost（D）yet17 【C17 】（A）claim（B） conclusion（C） concept（D）explanation18 【C18 】（A）once（B） after（C） since（D）while19 【C19 】（A）Besides（B） Despite（C） To（D）As20 【C20 】（A）what（B） how（C） whether（D）whenPart ADirections: Re

10、ad the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousnes

11、s of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in

12、the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England

13、between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in de

14、tail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling,and were proud to be pub

15、lished in the daily press. “ So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism , “ Newman wrote , “ that I am tempted to define journalism as a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.Unfortunately, these critics are virt

16、ually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975 ,is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime,though,he was also one of England s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely adm

17、ired that his Autobiography(1947)became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967,the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print,and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Carduss criticism will enjoy a revival? The

18、 prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21 It is indicated in Paragraphs

19、1 and 2 that（A）arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers（B） English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews（C） high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers（D）young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies22 Newspaper reviews in England before World Wa

20、r II were characterized by _.（A）free themes（B） casual style（C） elaborate layout（D）radical viewpoints23 Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?（A）It is writersduty to fulfill journalistic goals.（B） It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.（C） Writers are likely to

21、 be tempted into journalism.（D）Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24 What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?（A）His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.（B） His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.（C） His style caters largel

22、y to modern specialists.（D）His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25 What would be the best title for the text?（A）Newspapers of the Good Old Days.（B） The Lost Horizon in Newspapers.（C） Mournful Decline of Journalism.（D）Prominent Critics in Memory.25 Over the past decade, thousands of pate

23、nts have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon, com received one for its“ one-click“ online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nations top patent court appears completely

24、 ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U. S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review o

25、f business-method patents. In re Bilski,as the case is known ,is“a very big deal“ ,says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It“ has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents.“Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the fede

26、ral circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out

27、exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files,if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005,IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-metho

28、d patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method f

29、or hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the courts judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider“ its state street Bank ruling.The Fede

30、ral Circuits action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for“ inventions“ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal

31、 circuit are“reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court“ , says Harold C. Wegner,a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26 Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of_.（A）their limited value to business（B） their connection with ass

32、et allocation（C） the possible restriction on their granting（D）the controversy over authorization27 Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?（A）Its ruling complies with the court decisions.（B） It involves a very big business transaction.（C） It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit.（D）It

33、may change the legal practices in the U. S. .28 The word“about-face“(Para 3)most probably means_.（A）loss of good will（B） increase of hostility（C） change of attitude（D）enhancement of dignity29 We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents_.（A）are immune to legal challenges（B） are

34、 often unnecessarily issued（C） lower the esteem for patent holders（D）increase the incidence of risks 30 Which of the following would be the subject of the text?（A）A looming threat to business-method patents.（B） Protection for business-method patent holders.（C） A legal case regarding business-method

35、patents.（D）A prevailing trend against business-method patents.30 In spite of “ endless talk of difference,“ American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is“ the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference“ characteristic of po

36、pular culture. People are absorbed into “ a culture of consumption“ launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “ vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite, “ these were stores “ anyone could enter,regardless of class o

37、r background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act. The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration

38、 Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9. 8 percent of population; in 1990,13. 6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990,3. 1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years pri

39、or to 1890,9. 2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilationlanguage , home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English well or very well after ten years of residence. “The

40、children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families. “ Hence the description of America as a “graveyard“for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a ho

41、me ownership rate of 75.6 percent,higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics“ have higher rates of intermarriage than do U. S. -born whites and blacks. “By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 perc

42、ent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet“ some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation s a

43、ssimilative power.Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America s turbulent past,today s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.31 The word“ hom

44、ogenizing“(Paragraph 1)most probably means_.（A）identifying（B） associating（C） assimilating（D）monopolizing32 According to the author,the department stores of the 19th century_.（A）played a role in the spread of popular culture（B） became intimate shops for common consumers（C） satisfied the needs of a kn

45、owledgeable elite（D）owed its emergence to the culture of consumption33 The text suggests that immigrants now in the U. S._.（A）are resistant to homogenization（B） exert a great influence on American culture（C） are hardly a threat to the common culture（D）constitute the majority of the population34 Why

46、are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?（A）To prove their popularity around the world.（B） To reveal the public s fear of immigrants.（C） To give examples of successful immigrants.（D）To show the powerful influence of American culture.35 In the authors opinion,the absorption

47、 of immigrants into American society is_.（A）rewarding（B） successful（C） fruitless（D）harmful35 Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else; the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them

48、 to report enormous losses, and its just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independen

49、ce of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, Americas Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexi