[考研类试卷]考研英语（二）模拟试卷65及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（二）模拟试卷 65 及答案与解析一、Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points) 0 Researchers say talking to yourself, out loud, is more common than many of us might care to admit. Psychologists call it “self talk

2、“ and say how we do it【C1】_a big difference in both our mood and our behavior. Motivational self-talk【C2】_what we say to psych ourselves up: “Come on!“ “Let s go!“ “You can do this!“ Instructional self-talk walks us【C3】_a specific task. If you are driving, you might tell yourself to turn right at th

3、e next light, and then you do it. “It sounds simple, 【C4】_you get the correct reaction,“ says Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis, associate professor at the University of Thessaly in Greece.The way you【C5】_yourself matters, too. the Research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology in Febr

4、uary found people who spoke to themselves【C6】_another person wouldusing their own name or the pronoun “you“【C7】_better under stress than people who used the word “I“.In one study, University of Michigan researchers induced stress in【C8】_by telling them they had to prepare a speech to give to a panel

5、 of judges about their【 C9】_for a dream job. They were given five minutes to prepare and told they couldnt use notes. Half of the participants were instructed to【C10】_their anxiety using the first-person pronoun(“Why am I nervous?“). The other half were told to address themselves【C11】_name or the pr

6、onoun “you“(“Why are you nervous?“). Afterward, each participant was asked to【C12 】_how much shame he or she experienced right after the speech, and how much【C13】_ruminating they did.The results were【C14】_: People whose self-talk used their names or “you“ reported【C15】_shame and ruminated less than

7、the ones who used “I“. The judges found the【C16】_of those using “you“ to be more confident, less【C17 】_and more persuasive.Both positive and negative words can【C18】_us in positive and negative ways. Say to yourself, “This job interview is going to be a piece of cake,“ and you might not get pumped up

8、 enough to make it.【C19】_, tell yourself, “You just lost that match, you need to focus harder,“【C20】_it could spur you to do better in the future.1 【C1 】（A）has（B） makes（C） gives（D）offers2 【C2 】（A）excludes（B） indicates（C） includes（D）demands3 【C3 】（A）through（B） with（C） for（D）across4 【C4 】（A）because（B）

9、 but（C） moreover（D）thus5 【C5 】（A）talk（B） speak（C） tell（D）address6 【C6 】（A）with（B） about（C） as（D）on7 【C7 】（A）perform（B） act（C） communicate（D）talk8 【C8 】（A）researchers（B） students（C） applicants（D）participants9 【C9 】（A）desires（B） thoughts（C） standards（D）qualifications10 【C10 】（A）work through（B） look th

10、rough（C） look into（D）live with11 【C11 】（A）in（B） by（C） with（D）for12 【C12 】（A）wonder（B） imagine（C） estimate（D）consult13 【C13 】（A）forthcoming（B） subsequent（C） previous（D）past14 【C14 】（A）consistent（B） opposite（C） contradictory（D）recognizable15 【C15 】（A）other（B） more（C） similar（D）less16 【C16 】（A）situatio

11、ns（B） games（C） actions（D）performances17 【C17 】（A）nervous（B） confident（C） reliable（D）coward18 【C18 】（A）treat（B） assess（C） influence（D）judge19 【C19 】（A）Likewise（B） Conversely（C） Similarly（D）Consequently20 【C20 】（A）though（B） but（C） and（D）soPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the que

12、stions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)20 Why has crime in the U.S. declined so dramatically since the 1990s?Economists and sociologists have offered a bounty of reasons, including more police, more security technology, more economic growth, more immigration, more imprisonment,

13、and so on.The “real“ answer is almost certainly a combination of these factors, rather than one of them to the exclusion of the rest. But a new paper adds a surprising variable to the mix. What if the decline of crime in America started with the decline of cash?Cash is critical to the health of an u

14、nderground economy, because its anonymous, nearly untraceable, and easily stolen. This makes it the lifeblood of the black market.But Americans are rapidly abandoning cash thanks to credit cards, debit cards, and mobile payments. Half a century ago, cash was used in 80 percent of U.S. payments. Now

15、that figure is about 50 percent, according to researchers.In the 1980s, the federal government switched from paper money to electronic benefit transfers.They didnt switch all at once. They switched one county at a time within states. This created a kind of randomly controlled environment for the res

16、earchers, who studied Missouri s counties to establish whether the areas that switched from welfare cash to electronic transfers saw a concurrent decline in crime.The results were striking: The shift away from cash was associated with “a significant decrease in the overall crime rate and the specifi

17、c offenses of burglary and assault in Missouri and a decline in arrests.“ In other words, the counties saw a decline in specific crimes when they switched away from cash welfare.Perhaps most interestingly, they found that the switch to electronic transfers reduced robbery but not rape, suggesting th

18、at the move away from cash only had an impact on crime related to getting and spending cash.The move toward cashlessness in the U.S. continues quickly. Google now lets you attach money to emails to send to friends, which means that for some shoppers, pulling out your credit card could become as rare

19、 as finding exact change in your coin purse. It might seem absurd to imagine Visa, Square, and Google Wallet as crime-fighting technologies. But with a better understanding of how cashs availability affects crime, perhaps the government should consider killing more than just the penny.21 Which of th

20、e following cannot explain why cash is critical to the health of an underground economy?（A）Cash is anonymous.（B） Cash is hardly traceable.（C） Cash is easily stolen.（D）Cash is the lifeblood of the black market.22 The government switched one county at a time within states favors researchers because_.（

21、A）it reduced cash payment in Missouri（B） it offered a randomly controlled environment（C） it helped to extend electronic transfers to the state（D）it saw a concurrent decline in crimes23 The shift away from cash in Missouri s counties resulted in_.（A）an unobvious decrease in the overall crime rate（B）

22、a decrease in certain crimes such as robbery and rape（C） a decline in crimes related to the use of cash（D）a decline in overall crimes24 It can be learned from the last paragraph that_.（A）the government is advised to advocate cashless payments（B） America has become a cashless society（C） most people n

23、ow send their friends money by email（D）it is absurd to fight against crime by using Visa, Square, and Google Wallet25 Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for this text ?（A）Why has Crime in America Declined since the 1990s（B） How the Decline of Cash Makes America a Safer Countr

24、y（C） The Impacts of the Decline of Cash in America（D）The Relations between Cash and Crime25 That some people make weird associations between the senses has been acknowledged for over a century. The condition has even been given a name: synaesthesia. Odd as it may seem to those not so gifted, synaest

25、hetes insist that spoken sounds and the symbols which represent them give rise to specific colours or that individual musical notes have their own hues.Yet there may be a little of this cross-modal association in everyone. Most people agree that loud sounds are brighter than soft ones. Likewise, low

26、-pitched sounds are reminiscent of large objects and high-pitched ones evoke smallness. Anne-Sylvie Crisinel and Charles Spence of Oxford University think something similar is true between sound and smell.Ms. Crisinel and Dr. Spence wanted to know whether an odour sniffed from a bottle could be link

27、ed to a specific pitch. To find out, they asked 30 people to inhale 20 smells. After giving each sample a good sniff, volunteers had to click their way through 52 sounds of varying pitches, and identify which best matched the smell. The results of this study are intriguing.The researchers first rind

28、ing was that the volunteers did not think their request utterly ridiculous. It rather made sense, they told them afterwards. The second was that there was significant agreement between volunteers. Sweet and sour smells were rated as higher-pitched, smoky and woody ones as lower-pitched.It is not imm

29、ediately clear why people employ their musical senses in this way to help their assessment of a smell. But gone are the days when science assumed each sense worked in isolation. People live, say Dr. Spence and Ms. Crisinel, in a multisensory world and their brains tirelessly combine information from

30、 all sources to make sense, as it were, of what is going on around them.Taste, too, seems linked to hearing. Ms. Crisinel and Dr. Spence have previously established that sweet and sour tastes, like smells, are linked to high pitch, while bitter tastes bring lower pitches to mind. Now they have gone

31、further. In a study that will be published later this year they and their colleagues show how altering the pitch and instruments used in background music can alter the way food tastes. Volunteers rated the toffee eaten during low-pitched music as more bitter than that consumed during the high-pitche

32、d performance. The toffee was, of course, identical. It was the sound that tasted different.26 “Synaesthesia“ probably has the same meaning to_.（A）weird association（B） cross-modal association（C） similar association（D）common association27 All of the following association can be called synaesthesia EX

33、CEPT _（A）sound and color（B） sound and brightness（C） sound and symbol（D）sound and smell28 It can be inferred from the researchers first finding that_.（A）the experiment did not make sense（B） volunteers feelings varied from one to another（C） researchers found out why musical senses may assess smell（D）h

34、uman brains combine multisensory information to make sense29 The experiment of toffee aims to_.（A）reveal that taste is linked to sound（B） explore toffee taste in background music（C） show how sound alters the way food tastes（D）find out if sound has different tastes30 According to the text, which of t

35、he following is true?（A）Low-pitched sounds evoke smallness.（B） Sweet and sour smells evoke low pitch.（C） Sweet and sour tastes evoke low pitch.（D）Toffee tastes sweeter in high-pitched music.30 Clearly, a person s decisions are determined by circumstances. Experiments conducted over the past few year

36、s have revealed that giving someone an icy drink at a party leads him to believe he is getting the cold shoulder from fellow guests, that handing over a warm drink gives people a sense of warmth from others.The latest of these studies also looks at the effect of furniture. It suggests that something

37、 as trivial as the stability of chairs and tables has an effect on perceptions and desires.The researchers asked half of their volunteers to sit in a slightly wobbly chair next to a slightly wobbly table while engaged in the task assigned. The others were asked to sit in chairs next to tables that l

38、ooked physically identical, but were not wobbly.Once in their chairs, participants were asked to judge the stability of the relationships of four celebrity couples. They did this by rating on a scale of one to seven, that a couple would break up in the next five years. A score of one meant “extremel

39、y unlikely to dissolve“. A score of seven meant “extremely likely to dissolve“.After they had done this, they were asked to rate their preferences for various traits in a potential romantic partner. Traits on offer included some which a pilot study indicated people associate with a sense of psycholo

40、gical stability, some that are associated with psychological instability and some with no real relevance to instability or stability. Participants rated the various traits on another one-to-seven scale, with one indicating “not at all desirable“ and seven meaning “extremely desirable“.The results re

41、veal that just as cold drinks lead to perceptions of social conditions being cold, feelings of physical instability leads to perceptions of social instability. Participants who sat in wob bly chairs at wobbly tables gave the celebrity couples an average stability score of 3.2 while those whose furni

42、ture did not wobble gave them 2.5.What was particularly intriguing, though, was that those sitting at wonky furniture not only saw instability in the relationships of others but also said that they valued stability in their own relationships more highly. They gave stability-promoting traits in poten

43、tial romantic partners an average desirability score of 5.0, whereas those whose tables and chairs were stable gave these same traits a score of 4.5. The difference is not huge, but it is statistically significant. Even a small amount of environmental wobbliness seems to promote a desire for an emot

44、ional rock to cling to.31 It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.（A）an icy drink makes people get the cold shoulders（B） a warm drink makes people give warmth to others（C） people produce illusion under some circumstances（D）people s decisions are influenced by circumstances32 The latest stu

45、dies were made in order to explore_.（A）the effect of furniture on volunteers（B） the effect of something trivial on perceptions and desires（C） the stability of the relationships of celebrities（D）the stability of volunteers psychology33 The score given by participants who sat in wobbly chairs reveals

46、that physical instability_.（A）makes people greatly subjective（B） leads to insecurity（C） results in perceptions of social instability（D）brings people suspicion34 The word “wonky“(Para. 7)probably means_.（A）stable（B） safe（C） shaky（D）straight35 According to the last paragraph, which of the following is

47、 NOT true?（A）Those sitting at wobbly furniture valued social stability less.（B） Those sitting at stable furniture gave less score.（C） The difference between scores is important for revealing problems.（D）The environmental wobbliness may promote the desire for stability.35 One of the worlds first vide

48、ogames, Tetris, has turned thirty years old, and its brand is anything but old school.But whats kept people swiping and clicking to ensure each row of blocks stays aligned and disappears into the virtual world since its development in 1984 Soviet Russia? A combination of new platforms and an attract

49、ing psychological appeal.Maya Rogers, the CEO of Blue Planet Software, the sole agent of the Tetris brand, said the protection of the games core over the last three decades has aided its longevity. As mobile and social become two of the largest sources for gaming these days, Tetris isnt showing any signs of losing its appeal. Currently appearing on over 50 different gaming platforms, from the 1983 Nintendo Ente