[考研类试卷]考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编21及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 21 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 法律教育对于新闻报道事业的意义2007 年英译汉及详解The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, onl

2、y in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities.【F1】Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older

3、 and more continental view of legal education is establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal

4、directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideas as justice, democracy and freedom.【F2 】On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links

5、journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law. Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law

6、 is a desirable component of a journalist s intellectual preparation for his or her career.【F3】But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Po

7、litics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their reporting will be.【F4】In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Can

8、adian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journal ists on interpretations suppli

9、ed to them by lawyers.【F5 】While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5

10、】5 欧洲的电视媒体2005 年英译汉及详解It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant phase in European history. History and news become confused, and ones impressions tend to be a mixture of skepticism and optimism.【F1】Television is one of the means by which these feeling

11、s are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can begin to ana

12、lyze the European television scene.【F2】In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would be the Berlusconi group, wh

13、ile abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market.【 F3】This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by st

14、atistics that show that out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.【F4】Creating a “European identity“ that

15、 respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choicethat of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence on the North American market, whose programs relate to ex

16、periences and cultural traditions which are different from our own.In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between European countries for the creation of a European ba

17、nk for Television Production which, on the model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.【F5】In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall“and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unit

18、y in our diversity“. A unity of objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 现代政府依赖专家人才2000 年英译汉及详解Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and we

19、alth of the community.【F1】Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.【F2 】Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with

20、the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best

21、 advantage. For example, they may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate direc

22、tly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.【F3】Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, p

23、eople everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place at a vastly accelerate

24、d speed compared with the past. For example,【F4】in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrializationwith all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followedwas spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a d

25、ecade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.【F5 】Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration

26、movementsthemselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】

27、15 动物的权利问题1997 年英译汉及详解Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.【F1】Actually, it isnt, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.On one view of rights, to

28、 be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none.【F2】Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd, for exactly the

29、same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some peoplefor instance to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a cont

30、ract can have for people who never consented to it, how do you reply to somebody who says “I dont like this contract“?The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.【F3】It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you t

31、o think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?Many deny it.【F4】Arguing from the vi

32、ew that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistakea sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.Thi

33、s view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely “logical.“ In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoningthe ethical equivalent of learning to crawlis to weigh others interests a

34、gainst ones own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.【F5】When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankinds instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that

35、should be encouraged rather than laughed at.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 21 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 1 【正确答案】 传统上，学习法律在这类学校里一直被看作是律师的专门工作，而不是一个受过教育的人所必须具备的知识素养。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：

36、suchas和 rather than 平行结构的译法。 本句是一个简单句，主干为legal learning has been viewed as，rather than。Traditionally 为副词作状语，viewas 中间插入介词短语 in such institutions 作状语， as 的宾语是 the special preserve oflawyers(as)a necessary part of，rather than 连接两个并列的宾语。 of the intellectual equipment ofan educated person 作 a necessary

37、part 的后置定语。 2 【正确答案】 另一方面，法律又将这些观念与日常实际联系在一起，就像新闻记者每天报道和评论新闻时的做法一样。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。 句子主干为it links these concepts to everyday realities，in a manner作方式状语，里面有一个 which 引导的定语从句修饰 manner，该定语从句里面又嵌套了一个省略关系代词 that 的定语从句 thelinks journalists forge on a daily basis 和一个由连接词 as 引导的时间状语从句 they cover and

38、commenton the news。此外，句子中的 it 指代上文的law，these concepts 指代前文的 justice，democracy andfreedom，翻译时要具体译出来，以使汉语表达清楚明白。 3 【正确答案】 但是，新闻记者必须比普通公民更深刻地理解法律，这个观点建立在对新闻媒体的既定规范和特殊的社会责任理解的基础上。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：同位语从句的译法。 本句的主干为the idearests on an understanding。that为同位语从句，作 idea 的同位语；of the established conventions and s

39、pecial responsibilities of the news media 为介词结构作 understanding 的后置定语。同位语从句与定语从句的翻译策略相似，如果从句长的话，就采用拆译法，即“，这个观点”；如果从句较短，就采用合译法，即“这个观点”。这里应采用拆译法。 4 【正确答案】 事实上，很难想象那些对加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者何以能够胜任政治新闻报道的工作。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：形式主语和定语从句。 本句的主干为it is difficult to see，it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。不定式里面含有how 引导的宾语从句 how

40、 journalistscan do a competent job，作 see 的宾语。on political stories 作后置定语修饰 job。who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution 为定语从句修饰 journalists。此外，have a clear grasp of 意为“深刻领会、清楚了解”。这一搭配，考生应铭记于心。 5 【正确答案】 尽管律师的评论和反馈可能会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好还是依靠自己对重要性的理解并作出自己的判断。【试题解析】 本句

41、考查的重点是：让步状语从句。 本句的主干为it is preferable for journalists to rely onand make， it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。While 引导的让步状语从句译为“尽管”，为符合汉语表达习惯需增译“但是”。preferable“ 更可取的，更好的”，这里处理为副词 “最好”。rely on 意为“依靠，凭借，根据”。 6 【正确答案】 电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一在最近的欧洲事务中，电视把不同的民族和国家联结在一起，作用之大前所未有。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：被动语态的转换和并列句的译法。 本句以破折号为界，可看作是

42、and 连接的并列句， and 前面的分句主干为 Television is one of themeans，后接 by which 引导的定语从句；and 后面的分句主干为 perhaps never before has it served somuch，to connect different peoples and nations 为不定式结构作目的状语，as 引导比较状语从句，补全为 as(it has served to connect different peoples and nations)in the recent events in Europe。 7 【正确答案】 在欧

43、洲，像在其他地方一样，传媒集团越来越成功：这些集团把相关的电视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社组合在一起。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。 本句主干为 multimedia groups have been increasingly successful分号后面为主语 multimediagroups 的同位语，里面有个 which 引导的定语从句，又嵌套了定语从句 that work in relation to oneanother 修饰 houses。In Europe 作地点状语，as elsewhere 作比较状语。定语从句 that work in relationto

44、one another 由于较短可译为前置定语。multimedia groups 译为“传媒集团”，而不是 “多媒体集团”。 8 【正确答案】 仅这一点就表明在电视行业生存下来并非易事，统计数字也证实了这个事实：在 80 家欧洲电视网中，1989 年出现亏损的不少于 50。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：从句的辨别和主被动态的转换。 本句主干为This alone demonstrates that，the television business is not an easy world to survive in 作 demonstrates 的宾语，a fact underlined b

45、y statistics为同位语结构，that show为定语从句修饰 statistics，that out of eighty 为宾语从句，作 show的宾语。同位语结构中的 underlined 为被动语态，可译为主动语态“统计数据也证明了这个事实”，后加冒号，修饰 statistics 的定语从句可单独翻译放在冒号后面。underline 本意为“加下划线，强调”，句子中与 fact 搭配可译为“证实”。 9 【正确答案】 不同的文化和传统将欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“ 欧洲特色 ”绝非易事，需要战略性选择。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：定语从句的译法。

46、本句主干为 Creating a“European identity”is no easy task and demands a strategic choice，thatrespects the different cultures and traditions为定语从句修饰“European identity”，里面又嵌套个定语从句 which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent 修饰 different cultures andtraditions。嵌套式定语从句使得后置定语太长，翻译时要理清思路，根据汉语表达

47、习惯，调整语序进行翻译。结合上下文知道 European identity 是不同于北美的、带有欧洲特色的标志，因此译为“特色、品牌”比较合适。fabric 本义为“纤维，织物，构造”，这里比喻不同的文化传统将欧洲大陆联系起来，像织物一样紧密，因此 make upfabric(组成的纤维)可以意译为“编织”。因为美洲被称为“新大陆”，因此 the Old Continent(旧大陆)特指欧洲。 10 【正确答案】 在应付如此规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。”【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：形式主语和介词短语的用法。 本句结构较简单，in deali

48、ng with a challenge on such a scale 为介词结构作状语，it is noexaggeration to say为主干部分，it 是形式主语，真正主语是 to say“United we stand，divided we fall”，过去分词 united 和 divided 分别在两个分句中作条件状语。本句的关键是引号中两个并列分句的翻译。United we stand，divided we fall 改自肯尼迪总统的一句话“United，there is little we cannot do，divided，there is little we can d

49、o” ，译文最好能够对仗，体现出文学色彩。 11 【正确答案】 在现代条件下，这就要求中央出台不同的措施，因此就需要有经济学家和运行研究专家等专业科学家的帮助。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：介词短语的用法。 句子的主干结构是一个带双宾语的简单句：this requires varying measures ofand hence the helpof；两个宾语各带有 of 短语作定语；specialized scientists 后面的短语 such as是其定语。 12 【正确答案】 而且，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力直接与其丁农业生产的效率密切相关，而工农业生产的效率又有赖于各类科技人员的努力。【试题解析】 本句考查的重点是：主语从句和形式主语的译法。 句子的主干结构是 it is obvious that，and that，其中包含形式主语和两个主语从句：两个 that从句都是简单的主谓宾结构句考生易于理解；其中 this 指代前面的宾语中心词efficiency 需译出。 13 【正确答案】 由于大众传播的显著发展，各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，他们同时还不断接触新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常需