[考研类试卷]考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷40及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 40 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 【F1】It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing; that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be consi

2、dered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanleys Mr. Roach has been drawing attention to

3、 the fact that the “global labor arbitrage“ is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs.【F2 】It is no longer just basic data processing and call centers that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance

4、 and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition.The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than 1 million American service-sect

5、or jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4 million jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30 million jobs destroyed and created in America every year.【F3】The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sort

6、s of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies.Mr. Blinder says: “education offers no protection.【F4】Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have

7、to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may help to explain why the real median wage of American graduates hat fallen by 6% since 2000, a bigger decline than in average wages.“In th

8、e 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled workers widened significantly. But since then, according to a study by David Autor, Lawrence Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top ha

9、ve done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India. It is the easily standardized skilled jobs in the middle, such as accounting, that are now being squeezed hardest.【F5】 A study confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to fore

10、ign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradable services and tradable manufacturing industries.1 【F1】2 【F2】3 【F3】4 【F4】5 【F5】5 In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to

11、 trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this; it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them.【F1】The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into t

12、he private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “protection“. But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.【F2】The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western wor

13、ld reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes,“The old protectionism . coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptable of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanismi

14、ndeed, protectionists as well as(if only not more than)free traders stood for laissez-faire.【F3】Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction.It is precisely this profound sk

15、epticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the governme

16、nt intervenes to bring about a more desired result.The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe.【F4】In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain thi

17、s is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European econo

18、my.【F5】The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe, social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are through now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 Often refe

19、rred to as “the heart of a factoring organization, “the credit department is responsible for granting credit to clients customers and for collecting the accounts receivable purchased through the factor.【F1】When factored clients submit customer orders for credit approval, the credit department analyz

20、es the financial condition and credit worthiness of the customer, then makes a decision to approve or decline the order. The department must then monitor the condition of approved customers and collect all due receivables. Careful credit checking and effective collection procedures in this departmen

21、t can greatly reduce the risks inherent in factoring.As the head of the credit department, the credit manager is responsible for seeing that the department operates effectively.【F2】He must develop the factors credit policies in consultation with senior factoring associates, and he is in overall comm

22、and of everything from credit and collections to bankruptcy and liquidations. If only the factor is a commercial bank division, the credit manager is a bank vice president, and credit policy must also be approved through top management of the bank.【F3】Assisting the credit manager may be several supe

23、rvisors who have credit responsibilities of their own and who also oversee the analysis and approval of customer orders through the credit specialists. Credit supervisors typically spend about eighty percent of their time handling large customer orders. If only a customer order exceeds a supervisors

24、 credit authority, he is responsible for making recommendations to the credit manager. A supervisor also reviews a subordinates credit decision if only the subordinate is unsure of the extent of the credit risk or if only a client questions a particular credit decision. In extremely large credit exp

25、osures, supervisors bear the responsibility for analyzing the credit position of the customers and deciding on credit limits. To do this, they must regularly obtain current data from various credit information sources. They must also have extensive contact with each customer to determine operational

26、 performance and progress. Frequently, supervisors are called upon to give advice on what should be done to improve a companys financial condition.【F4】Meeting all these responsibilities requires that each supervisor continuously observe and study the industries with which he is concerned, so that he

27、 is capable of anticipating market changes which may affect his accounts.【F5】A supervisors major challenge is to maintain a fine balance between the demands of clients that all their customer orders be approved and the questionable financial position of some of the customers. In reviewing any credit

28、 decision, a supervisor must be capable of weighing a variety of elements, including the possibility of losing the client, the customer s credit position, and the extent of any possible loss.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 【F1】As any parents of a young child who is a problem sleeper will confi

29、rm, permanent tiredness and constant irritability can put a huge strain on your relationship. In fact, according to a survey, lack of sleep is a big factor in divorce and separation for a third of couples.【F2】Ahead of a new series on the subject, a poll carried out for Channel 4 suggests the average

30、 parent surveyed got fewer than six hours of sleep a night, which also found that three in 10 couples who had split up said sleep deprivation since having their child was a factor in the breakup. Nearly 45% said they had dozed off in a place they shouldnt have or was unsafe, with one in 20 admitting

31、 to falling asleep at the wheel of their car.Children waking throughout the night, as well as the struggle to get children off to bed at a respectable hour, were equally important issues for parents. Nearly half of the 2, 000 people questioned said getting their child to sleep at a consistent time w

32、as a nightly battle.【F3】Around 11% admitted to pretending to be asleep in the night so that their partner was forced to deal with a crying child, while 11% said they had shut the door and 9% said they had turned up the TV to block out the noise of a sobbing child. A fifth of parents blamed the fact

33、that their child had a television in their room for their failure to fall asleep.【F4】But psychologist Tanya Byron, who is among a panel of experts taking part in the series, Bedtime Live, which will allow people to call in via video to the show and ask for help, said it wasnt about blaming parentsra

34、ther that family downtime was being eroded by the demands of work and the attraction of technologies, and that sleep was being lost as a result. Sleep deprivation in adults was also a worry, she said, pointing to tests done on the sleep-deprived mothers. Those without sleep were just as dangerous as

35、 those who had been drinking. One woman drove 100 metres with her eyes closed.【F5 】What we have to remember is that fundamentally we are beings who run on circadian rhythms and we are just putting our brains under constant stress if we can t get our sleep.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】考研英语（翻译）模

36、拟试卷 40 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 【知识模块】 翻译1 【正确答案】 目前，被外包到海外的不只是蓝领工作，过去被认为不会受国外竞争影响的白领工作也正在被外包到海外。 【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 不再仅仅是基本的数据处理和呼叫中心被外包给低工资国家，软件编程、医疗诊断、工程设计、法律、会计、金融和商业咨询也正在被外包给低工资国家。 【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确

37、答案】 问题在于这样的研究仅考虑到那些已经被移往境外的工作，但实际上能够被转移的工作的比率将会随着新兴国家的信息技术的发展以及教育的提高而上升。 【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 通过电子化传输，高技能的会计，放射学家或者计算机的编程员现在不得不参与到来自国外的竞争。而粗俗的计程车司机、看门人和起重机驾驶员这些工作依然很安全不会有被移到海外的危险。 【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 一项研究则肯定了暴露在外国竞争下的从事可贸易服务的工人势必比那些从事不可贸易的工人和可贸易的制造业工人的技能要求更高。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 事实上，新的贸易保护主义指政府对私营

38、经济的全部干涉是如何影响国际贸易的。 【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案】 西方世界出现的新贸易保护主义反应了干涉主义的胜利，或者说是福利经济对市场经济的胜利。 【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 现在，就像在三十年代一样，贸易保护主义是对市场能否令社会满意地配置资源和收入能力的一种深刻的怀疑主义。 【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 在瑞士、挪威、芬兰、丹麦以及荷兰，政府对经济和社会生活几乎所有方面的干涉被认为是正常的。 【知识模块】 翻译10 【正确答案】 同西欧一样，福利政府在美国也取得了显著的发展。社会保障、失业保险，最低工资的规定以及租赁控制是现在美国传统福利政府的基础。 【知识模块】

39、 翻译【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 当进行代理融资的客户提出对其消费定单提供信贷批准时，信贷部门要对消费者的财务状况和信贷价值进行分析，然后决定接受或者拒绝这一要求。【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 他必须与融资方高级员工进行磋商，改进对融资方的信贷政策，并且全面掌握与信贷、收款、以至破产、流动性相关的各种事项。 【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 协助信贷经理工作的可以是几名监督人员，他们有他们自己的信贷责任，同样监视着信贷专家们对消费定单所进行的分析以及批准。 【知识模块】 翻译14 【正确答案】 为尽到所有这些职责，每一位监督人员要不断地观察研究与其相关的行业，好让自己能够

40、预见到可能对他经管的信贷账目产生影响的市场动态。 【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 一个监督人员的主要挑战是在客户提出所有消费定单均获得信贷批准的要求与一些消费者不确定的财务状况之间保持好的平衡。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 任何家里有不肯好好睡觉的孩子的父母都会证实这一点，长期的疲倦和持续的烦躁会让你的感情关系承受巨大压力。 【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 英国第 4 频道在推出一个针对这一题材的新系列节目之前，委托开展了一项调查，该调查显示，被调查的父母平均每晚睡眠还不到六个小时，调查还发现，十分之三的离婚夫妻称有小孩后一直睡眠不足是导致他们分手的一个

41、原因。【知识模块】 翻译18 【正确答案】 约有 ll的父母们承认自己夜里曾假装睡着，这样他们的配偶只好被迫去应对哭泣的小孩。此外，为了不听见孩子的哭声，11的父母称自己把门关上，9的父母称自己把电视音量调高。 【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 但是心理学家塔尼亚拜伦表示，这一调查不是要谴责父母，而是要指出家庭的休息时间正在被工作要求和科技产品的诱惑所侵蚀，从而造成了睡眠缺失。塔尼亚拜伦是参与名为睡前直播系列节目的专家之一，这一节目让人们可以通过视频电话参与到节目中来并寻求帮助。 【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 我们要记住的是本质上我们是按照昼夜节律来运作的生物，如果我们得不到睡眠，我们就会让我们的大脑遭受持续的压力。【知识模块】 翻译