[考研类试卷]考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷9及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 9 及答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 0 【F1】Were moving; into another era, as the toxic effects of the bubble and its grave consequences spread through the financial system. Just a couple of years

2、 ago investors dreamed of 20 percent returns forever. Now surveys show that theyre down to a “realistic“ 8 percent to 10 percent range. But what if the next few years turn out to be below normal expectations? Martin Barners of the Bank Credit Analyst in Montreal expects future stock returns to avera

3、ge just 4 percent to 6 percent. Sound impossible?【F2】After a much smaller bubble that burst in the mid-1960s Standard Iraq would be even more unstable as a result of its liberation; and a conflict would increase the threat posed by terrorists.【F1 】What we did not know was that Tony Blair had receive

4、d intelligence and advice that raised the very same points.Last weeks report from the Intelligence and Security Committee included the revelation that some of the intelligence had warned that a war against Iraq risked an increased threat of terrorism. Why did Mr. Blair not make this evidence availab

5、le to the public in the way that so much of the alarmist intelligence on Saddams weapons was published?【F2】Why did he choose to ignore the intelligence and argue instead that the war was necessary, precisely because of the threat posed by international terrorism?There have been two parliamentary inv

6、estigations into this war and the Hutton inquiry reopens tomorrow.【F3 】In their different ways they have been illuminating, but none of them has addressed the main issues relating to the war. The Foreign Affairs Committee had the scope to range widely, but chose to become entangled in the dispute be

7、tween the Government and the BBC. The Intelligence Committee reached the conclusion that the Governments file on Saddams weapons was not mixed up, but failed to explain why the intelligence was so hopelessly wrong. The Hutton inquiry is investigating the death of Dr. David Kelly, a personal tragedy

8、of marginal relevance to the war against Iraq.Tony Blair has still to come under close examination about his conduct in the building-up to war. Instead, the Defence Secretary, Geoff Hoon, is being fingered as if he were master-minding the war behind everyones backs from the Ministry of Defence. Mr.

9、Hoon is not a minister who dares to think without consulting Downing Street first. At all times he would have been dancing to Downing Streets tunes. Mr. Blair would be wrong to assume that he can draw a line under all of this by making Mr. Hoon the fall-guy.【F4】It was Mr. Blair who decided to take B

10、ritain to war, and a Cabinet of largely skeptical ministers that backed him. It was Mr. Blair who told MPs that unless Saddam was removed, terrorists would pose a greater global threateven though he had received intelligence that suggested a war would lead to an increase in terrorism.Parliament shou

11、ld be the forum in which the Prime Minister is called more fully to account, but Iain Duncan Smiths support for the war has neutered an already inept opposition.【F5 】In the absence of proper parliamentary scrutiny, it is left to newspapers like this one to keep asking the most important questions un

12、til the Prime Minister answers them.6 【F1】7 【F2】8 【F3】9 【F4】10 【F5】10 【F1】Sending your child to piano or violin lessons in a bid to boost their academic achievement is a waste of money, according to scientists.Although research has shown that youngsters who take music lessons are more likely to be t

13、op of their class, Professor Schellenberg claims this link is misleading.【 F2】Instead, improved academic performance may be because brighter children from privileged backgrounds are more likely to learn an instrument, rather than music classes helping to boost their intelligence. “Music may change y

14、ou a bit, but its also the case that different children take music lessons.“ said Professor Schellenberg, who added that parents education was the most influential factor on musicality.【 F3】Children who take music lessons come from families with higher incomes, they come from families with more educ

15、ated parents, they also do more extracurricular activities, they have higher IQs, and they do better at school.【F4】In tests on 167 children who played piano or other instruments, they found their answer to personality tests could predict how likely it was for them to continue their music lessons. Th

16、ose who were more outgoing and conscientious were more likely to continue to play. “We were motivated by the fact that kids who take music lessons are particularly good students, in school they actually do better than you would predict from their IQ, so obviously something else is going on.“ Profess

17、or Schellenberg told the American Association for the Advancement of Science(A A AS)annual conference in Boston.【F5】Asked if so-called helicopter parents were wasting their money sending their children to music lessons in the belief they could boost their school results, he said “yes“. “Clearly stud

18、ying music changes the brain, but so does any learning. In fact, that is what learning is.“ he said.11 【F1】12 【F2】13 【F3】14 【F4】15 【F5】15 Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way.【F1】In classical phy

19、sics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some “stuff“ of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity assoc

20、iated with activity, or with processes.【F2 】The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern.This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a

21、relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons.【F3】Diracs theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same m

22、ass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and oppo

23、site charge. Pairs of particles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.【F4】These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Diracs theory before they were actually disco

24、vered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times.The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.【F5 】Before relativistic particl

25、e physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts. The basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whet

26、her one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units.16 【F1】17 【F2】18 【F3】19 【F4】20 【F5】20 The technological revolutions of the last two decades have placed a severe burden on the concept of technology transfer. It is quite clear that the concept has serious limitations; with time, it is

27、not at all clear that its methods have improved or its result progressed.【F1】The underlying assumption in “technology transfer“ is that the application of new discoveries to the development of new technology through the developed countries produces results which are applicable to underdeveloped coun

28、tries. Although this assumption has never really been put to a true global test, it is through now clear that this can not be the main means of technological progress in developing areas such as Africa South East Asian and Latin America, irrespective of its possible utility elsewhere.【F2 】The questi

29、on is whether such an outcome is inevitable and inherent in the process or whether it merely reflects the shortage of resources and improper management. It is my contention that “technology transfer“ as a vehicle of progress for the developing countries is irreparably flawed and cannot succeed.【F3】T

30、he fundamental flaw is that “technology transfer“ is cast in the die of a colonial process where through developed countries do things in ways that they find acceptable for their former colonies, the developing countries. Whether the development process is carried out through citizens of the recipie

31、nt nation or not is irrelevant; the philosophy upon which “technology transfer“ is based, beginning with training and ending with application, is composed of a set of socioculturally and economically determined values within the institutionalized fabric of science, which select the questions found t

32、o be meaningful, dictate the preferred research plans and evaluate the significance only of the results obtained.Clearly, technology based on the set of determinants is not likely to be very relevant to the vastly different economic and sociocultural conditions of developing countries. It will hardl

33、y get to the needs of the developing countries, perhaps even serving to slow progress.【F4】This situation must be replaced through a new process which might be called “basic knowledge transfer“ as part of growth of a forefront science in the developing countries. This approach contains the following

34、features:Given full access to new scientific discovery at the cutting edge of science, that is, at the region of high intensity transfer from basic to applied knowledge, the scientists of developing countries can create their own technology transfer from basic to applied. Scientists in the developin

35、g countries, in active dialogue with other elements such as government, community and industry, can identify and prioritize problems and develop a practical situation.【F5 】The problem of internal “technology transfer“ will require for each country or region a suitable number of trained scientific sp

36、ecialists; means for maintaining the competency of these leaders will need to be developed through each nation or region.21 【F1】22 【F2】23 【F3】24 【F4】25 【F5】25 【F1】When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the aff

37、liction and find ways to combat it.Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at

38、 grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.【F2】The process of vaccination allows the patients body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can wa

39、rd it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his bodys immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease s defenses is transmitted to all

40、 elements of the patients immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell.【F3 】This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done

41、 so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however.【F4 】On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patients death.【F5】Such is the case of the smallpox

42、 vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10, 000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the en

43、tire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3, 000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disea

44、se, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a mixed blessing, may indeed hide some hidden curses.26 【F1】27 【F2】28 【F3】29 【F4】30 【F5】考研英语（翻译）模拟试卷 9 答案与解析Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then t

45、ranslate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points) 【知识模块】 翻译1 【正确答案】 当投资泡沫的毒效及其严重后果在整个金融系统中散开时，我们正在进入另外一个时代。 【知识模块】 翻译2 【正确答案】 一个较小的投资泡沫于 20 世纪 60 年代破灭之后，在接下来的 17年里标准普尔 5 000 股票的回报率平均一年为 69(包括红利再投资)。很少有投资者准备好了应对这个状况。 【知识模块】 翻译3 【正确答案】 违背常识的是，许多投资者对拥有太多本公司股票的危险视而不见。 【知识模块】 翻译4 【正确答案】 但是老雇员在能够

46、退出的时候却也一直死抱着股票不放。 【知识模块】 翻译5 【正确答案】 如果你问我，我认为多样股加上债券的支持可以长远地保持稳定。【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译6 【正确答案】 我们不知道的是托尼布莱尔已经收到了提出以上几点的情报或建议。 【知识模块】 翻译7 【正确答案】 为什么他选择了无视情报，而只强调战争的必要性正是源于国际恐怖组织的威胁吗? 【知识模块】 翻译8 【正确答案】 它们用不同的方法进行阐述，但却没有一个涉及到关系这场战争的症结所在。 【知识模块】 翻译9 【正确答案】 是布莱尔决定将英国弓 I 向战争，而持很大怀疑态度的部长们组成的内阁支持着他。 【知识模块】 翻译1

47、0 【正确答案】 在议会缺乏应有的详细审查的情况下，像独立报这样的报纸只好不断询问最重要的问题，直到首相作出回答。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译11 【正确答案】 科学家称，为了提高孩子的学习成绩而把孩子送去学弹钢琴或拉小提琴，纯属浪费钱。 【知识模块】 翻译12 【正确答案】 事实上，更优秀的学习成绩可能是因为这些家庭背景更优越的小孩更聪明，更可能去学习乐器，而并非学音乐有助于提高他们的智力。 【知识模块】 翻译13 【正确答案】 上音乐班的小孩来自收入更高的家庭，他们的父母受教育程度更高，他们参加的课外活动也更多，而且他们的智商也更高，在学校的成绩也更好。 【知识模块】 翻译14

48、【正确答案】 研究人员对 167 个弹钢琴或其他乐器的小孩进行了性格测试，发现从他们的回答可以预测出他们继续学音乐的可能性。 【知识模块】 翻译15 【正确答案】 在被问及那些“直升机父母” 送孩子去上音乐班，以为这样能提高孩子学习成绩是否是浪费钱时，舍伦贝格教授回答说“是的” 。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译16 【正确答案】 在古典物理中，某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联，这是一种构成一切物质的“东西” 。 【知识模块】 翻译17 【正确答案】 某一粒子的质量相当于一定的能量，这一事实意味着该粒子不再被看作是一个静态的物体，而应该被看成是一种动态的形式。 【知识模块】

49、翻译18 【正确答案】 迪拉克理论的极大成功不仅是因为证明了原子结构的微细节，还因为它揭示了物质与反物质是基本对称的。 【知识模块】 翻译19 【正确答案】 粒子生成和毁灭的过程在真正被发现之前，迪拉克的理论已经对它们作出了预测，从那时起人们对此做过数百万次的观测。 【知识模块】 翻译20 【正确答案】 在相对粒子物理学诞生之前，人们一直以为物质的构成成分要么是不可毁灭和不可改变的基本单位，要么是可以分解为其构成部分的合成物。 【知识模块】 翻译【知识模块】 翻译21 【正确答案】 “ 技术转让 ”的基本设想是：发达国家利用新发现开发技术会给发展中国家带来可应用的成果。 【知识模块】 翻译22 【正确答案】 问题在于：这种结果是不是转让过程中不可避免的，固有的；还是仅仅反映了资源的缺乏和管理不当。 【知识模块】 翻译23 【正确答案】 其基本缺陷在于：“技术转让” 有着殖民主义的影子，在对待发展中国家(前殖民地) 时，发达国家在用他们自己觉得合适的方式行事。 【知识模块】 翻译24 【正确答案】 这种情况必须用一种新的方法予以取代，作为发展中国家前沿科学发展的一部分，这种方法即所谓的“基础知识转让” 。 【知识模块】 翻译25 【正确答案】 内部的“技术转让” 要求每个国家或地区有一定数量的训练有素的科学家；每个国家和地区需要创造方