[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷180及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 180 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 Why are the Olympic Games so important? To answer these questions we need to go back in history to find the meaning of the Olympic Games.In ancient Greece, sports and competition were very important. The Greeks believed that physical exercise and mental tr

2、aining were connected to each other.【C1】 _Religion encouraged this kind of education, and great athletic and musical contests were held in holy places, under the protection of the gods, and in front of thousands of spectators from all over Greece.The contests were called Games, and the most famous w

3、ere held at the Sanctuary of Olympia in southwestern Greece. The Olympian or Olympic Games started in 776 B. C. , and were held every four years in honor of Zeus, the king of the mythical Greek gods. They were at their peak in the 5th and 4th centuries B. C., but they were suppressed in 394 A. D. by

4、 the Roman emperor Theodosius I.【C2】 _The competitions were open only to honorable Greek men, and lasted five days. On the first day of the Games the athletes and the judges swore that they would compete and judge honestly. On the second, third, and fourth day the different contests were held. The m

5、ain event at Olympia was the stadion or single-course race, and the winner of that race gave his name to the Olympiad. On the fifth day, at the conclusion of the Games, the victors were awarded a crown of wild olive leaves.【C3】 _The victors were linked to the immortals, celebrated by poets and sculp

6、tors, and they often lived for the rest of their lives at public expense. A strong bond joined every athlete with his gods, to whom he believed he owed his success.The Olympics was suspended for nearly 1,500 years. Its revival owed a debt of gratitude to a French sportsman and educator, Baron Pierre

7、 de Coubertin. He was fascinated with the idea of the ancient Olympic Games, and was convinced that physical exercise and competition build moral values. Inspired by the discoveries at Olympia, he proposed the modern Olympics for the first time in 1892.【C4】 _In the first Olympics, 311 athletes from

8、13 countries competed in a stadium with room for 50,000 spectators. It ushered in a new era of Olympic Games, although Greek and American college athletes dominated the events, performances were mediocre and athletes benefited from the poor athletic organization.Since then, with the exception of the

9、 two World War periods, the Olympics have been held every four years in one of the worlds major cities.【C5】 _ABefore the Games, special messengers would set off in every direction to announce the beginning of a sacred truce. All disputes and warfare among the city-states were then suspended. The sac

10、red truce was to protect Games-goers from assault and lasted three months.BThe Greek word for education meant the development of the entire human being and could not be divided into physical and mental education, because the mind cannot exist without the body, and the body has no meaning without the

11、 mind. Their rule of thumb was, “Educate children with gymnastics and music. “CThis was the greatest honor for the contestant and also for his family and his city. It was an honor that could never be outranked either by money or official position.DAfter two years of tireless efforts he gathered enou

12、gh public support to organize the International Athletic Congress of 1894 in Paris. The Congress appointed the International Olympic Committee(IOC), and approved an Olympics to be held in Athens, in April of 1896.EThe site of the games is chosen, usually six years in advance, by the IOC. The games l

13、ast two weeks and include many more contests than the original Games did. Athletes of all nations are eligible to participate. A record 10, 500 athletes from a record 197 countries are expected to participate in the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.FThe history of the Olympic Games is long and consistent. E

14、very four years, people from all around the world gather to compete in sports, in an environment of peace and mutual understanding. They did it for almost twelve hundred years in ancient times and again for the last hundred years in modern times. Therefore, the Olympics is the longest lasting social

15、 activity that exists.GHistory has testified to the fact that Coubertins idea of revival of the Olympic Games was momentous. It was not a passing fancy, was rather the logical culmination of a great movement1 【C1 】2 【C2 】3 【C3 】4 【C4 】5 【C5 】5 HIV is a viral infection that causes a chronic life-thre

16、atening condition acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS). AIDS occurs when the HIV infection damages or destroys the cells of the immune system, reducing the bodys ability to fight off bacterial, viral and fungal infections.HIV is caused by a virus called the human immunodeficiency virus. Its mos

17、t commonly spread among adults by sexual contact with an infected partner.【C1】 _HIV was first reported in the early 1980s. Since then, it has spread worldwide. There are now an estimated 40 million people living with HIV, including about 2. 5 million children under 15.【C2】 _The initial infection wit

18、h HIV may cause a brief flu-like illness two to six weeks after infection, with symptoms such as fever, headache, sore throat and swollen lymph glands(淋巴腺 ). However, many people dont notice any particular symptoms and children are often infected while in the womb.【C3】 _There appear to be two genera

19、l patterns of illness in HIV-infected children. About 20 percent develop serious disease in the first year of life and most of these children die by the age of four. In the remaining 80 percent, the disease progresses more slowly.【C4】 _Other symptoms may include weight loss, diarrhea, fever, cough,

20、weakness, shortness of breath, headaches and even development of a variety of cancers. If untreated, these problems and related complications may be rapidly fatal.HIV is usually diagnosed using a blood test that detects antibodies to the virus. It may take up to 12 weeks after infection for these an

21、tibodies to be made, so an HIV test may initially be negative.【C5】 _Newer blood tests can detect tiny quantities of the virus in the infants blood, giving an accurate diagnosis in about 95 percent of HIV-infected infants by three months of age.Drug treatments, using a combination of several drugs kn

22、own as highly active antiretroviral therapy, have greatly improved the outlook in AIDS. But drugs cant cure the infection and side effects and drug resistance are still a major problem. Scientists are doing research to find more therapies that can best improve patients quality of life.AIt can also s

23、pread through infected blood and contaminated needles or syringes(for example in drug abuse or medical treatments). In the majority of cases of children with HIV, the virus has been transmitted from the mother during pregnancy, delivery or through breastmilk.BSub-Saharan Africa has been most severel

24、y affected by HIV/AIDS and many millions have died, but the AIDS epidemic is also growing fast in some Asian and European countries.CWorld AIDS Day is commemorated around the globe on December 1st. It celebrates progress made in the battle against the epidemicand brings into focus remaining challeng

25、es.DAIDS cannot yet be cured, although there is increasing success in controlling the infection, using a combination of drugs. Many, but not all, infected people in some developed countries can now expect to live a long and active life. Sadly, in some developing countries, there are often no funds f

26、or drugsand the prognosis is far gloomier.EHowever, all children born to infected mothers receive some of their mothers antibodies to HIV. These may persist for up to 18 months, making antibody tests inaccurate.FThere follows a period in which people feel well and may not even be aware that the viru

27、s is multiplying inside them and damaging their immune system. After a time(sometimes many years)symptoms return.GAn HIV-positive child often fails to gain weight and doesnt grow properly. They may develop problems with walking, or show delayed mental development. They may also develop cerebral pals

28、y.6 【C1 】7 【C2 】8 【C3 】9 【C4 】10 【C5 】10 The Holocaust was the Nazis assault on the Jews between 1933 and 1945. It culminated in what the Nazis called the “Final Solution of the Jewish Question in Europe“, in which six million Jews were murdered.The Jews were not the only victims of Nazism. It is es

29、timated that as many as 15 million civilians were killed by this murderous and racist regime, including millions of Slavs and “Asiatics“, 200,000 Gypsies and members of various other groups. Thousands of people, including Germans of African descent, were forcibly sterilized.【C1】 _The Nazis were the

30、heirs of a centuries-old tradition of Jew-hatred, rooted in religious rivalry and found in all European countries. When the Nazis came to carry out their genocidal programme, they found collaborators in all the countries they dominated, including governments that enjoyed considerable public support.

31、 Most people drew the line at mass murder, but relatively few could be found to oppose it actively or to extend help to the victims, mainly Jews.So despite the fact that it had ancient roots, Nazi ideology was far from a primitive, medieval throwbackit was capable of appealing to intelligent and sop

32、histicated people.【C2】 _Anti-Semitism, the new racist version of the old Jew-hatred, viewed the Jews as not simply a religious group but as members of a “Semitic race“, which strove to dominate its “Aryan“ rivals.【C3】 _Anti-semitism proved a convenient glue for conspiracy theoriessince Jews were inv

33、olved in all sorts of ventures and political movements, they could be accused of manipulating all of them behind the scenes.【C4】 _The Nazis brought their own strain of radical ruthlessness to these ideas. They glorified war and saw the uncompromising struggle for survival between nations and races a

34、s the engine of human progress.【C5】 _Nazism was thus an unscrupulous and warlike ideology, which always had the potential for genocide. But it took some time for an organized killing program to evolve in World War II.AAmong the leading ideologues of this theory were a French aristocrat, the Comte Jo

35、seph de Gobineau, and an Englishman, Houston Stewart Chamberlain.BMany high-ranking Nazis had doctoral degrees and early supporters included such eminent people as philosopher Martin Heidegger, theologian Martin Niemoeller, and commander-in-chief of German forces in the World War I , General Erich L

36、udendorff. Hitler appealed with a powerful vision of a strong, united and “racially“ pure Germany, supported by pseudo-scientific ideas that were popular at the time.CThus Jews were held responsible for Communism and capitalism, liberalism, socialism, moral decline, revolutions, wars, plagues and ec

37、onomic crises. As the Jews had once been demonized in medieval Europe, so the new anti-Semites, including many Christians, found new, secular ways of demonizing them.DBy late 1938, the Nazis could claim an impressive series of successes. Germany had staged the 1936 Olympics, annexed Austria and part

38、 of Czechoslovakia, and was in the midst of a strong economic recovery fuelled by rearmament. These triumphs had increased the Nazis popularity and their confidence. President Hindenburg had died and all opposition parties had been abolished. The last conservatives in the cabinet had been replaced b

39、y Nazis. The way was clear for radical action.EIn all about 900,000 people were gassed at Birkenau without ever being registered as prisoners, almost all of them Jews. This brought the total death toll of the Auschwitz complex to about 1. 1 million, of whom one million were Jewish.FThey rejected mor

40、ality as a Jewish idea, which had corrupted and weakened the German people. They maintained that a great nation such as Germany had the right and duty to build an empire based on the subjugation of “inferior races“.GThese programmes are best seen as a series of linked genocides, each having its own

41、history, background, purpose and significance in the Nazi scheme of things. The ideas and emotions that lay behind these killing programmes were not new, nor were they uniquely German.11 【C1 】12 【C2 】13 【C3 】14 【C4 】15 【C5 】15 Long before Man lived on the earth, there were fishes, reptiles, birds, i

42、nsects, and some mammals. Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today, others are now extinct, that is, they have no descendants alive now.【C1】 _Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skins, so that, apart from color, we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of a

43、n animal that died millions of years ago. The kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land, often of the plants that grew on it, and even of its climate.【C2】 _Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action, and

44、 most of these are of animals that lived in or near water. Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals, birds, and insects of which we know nothing.【C3】 _There are also crab-like creatures, whose bodies were covered with a horny substance. The body segments each had two pairs of legs, o

45、ne pair for walking on the sandy bottom, the other for swimming. The head was a kind of shield with a pair of compound eyes, often with thousands of lenses. They were usually an inch or two long but some were 2 feet.【C4】 _Of these, the ammonites are very interesting and important. They have a shell

46、composed of many chambers, each representing a temporary home of the animal. As the young grew larger, it grew a new chamber and sealed off the previous one. Thousands of these can be seen in the rocks on the Dorset Coast.【C5】 _About 75 million years ago the Age of Reptiles was over and most of the

47、groups died out. The mammals quickly developed, and we can trace the evolution of many familiar animals such as the elephant and horse. Many of the later mammals, though now extinct, were known to primitive man and were featured by him in cave paintings and on bone carvings.AThe shellfish have a lon

48、g history in the rock and many different kinds are known.BNevertheless, we know a great deal about many of them because their bones and shells have been preserved in the rocks as fossils. From them we can tell their size and shape, how they walked, the kind of food they ate.CThe first animals with t

49、rue backbones were the fishes, first known in the rocks of 375 million years ago. About 300 million years ago the amphibians, the animals able to live both on land and in water, appeared. They were giant, sometimes 8 feet long, and many of them lived in the swampy pools in which our coal seam, or layer, or formed. The amphibians gave rise to the reptiles and for nearly 150 million years these were the principal forms of life