[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷186及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 186 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 AWhatever fragile harmony we may have been able to achieve within ourselves is exposed every day to dangerous challenges and to ferocious batterings, an

2、d the issue of our struggle remains forever uncertain. A character in a novel by Mario Vargas Llosa gave the best image for this common predicament of ours: “Life is a shitstorm, in which art is our only umbrella. “This observation, in turn, brings us to the very meaning of literary awards. Any well

3、-ordered state must naturally provide for public education, public health, public transports, public order, the administration of justice, the collection of garbage, etc. Beyond these essential services and responsibilities, a truly civilized state also ensures that, in the pungent squalls of their

4、daily lives, citizens are not left without umbrellasand therefore, it encourages and supports the arts.BPractical-minded people and men of action are often inclined to disapprove of literary fiction. They consider reading creative literature as a frivolous and debilitating activity. In this respect,

5、 it is quite revealing that, for example, the great polar explorer Mawsonone of our national heroesgave to his children the stern advice to not waste their time reading novels; instead, he instructed them to read only works of history and biography, in order to grow into healthy individuals.CDo psyc

6、hotherapists multiply when novelists and poets become scarce? There may well be a connection between the development of clinical psychology on the one hand, and the withering of the inspired imagination on the otherat least, this was the belief of some eminent practitioners. Rainer Marie Rilke once

7、begged Lou Andreas Salome to psychoanalyse him. She refused, explaining, “If the analysis is successful, you may never write poetry again. “DThe beauty of all literary awards is that they produce only winnersthere can be no losers here, for this is not a competition and, in this respect, actually re

8、sembles more a lottery. Without doubting the quality of his work, a writer who receives a literary award is perfectly aware that he is being very lucky indeed. Not only he knows that this honour could have gone to any other writer on the shortlist, but he also knows that there are many writers not o

9、n the shortlist, who may have deserved it equally well; and furthermore, it is quite conceivable that the writer who should have deserved it most did not even succeed in having his manuscript accepted for publication.EHalf a century earlier, the great psychologist Carl Jung developed the other side

10、of this same observation. He phrased it in more technical terms: “Mans estrangement from the mythical realm and the subsequent shrinking of his existence to the mere factualthat is the major cause of mental illness. “In other words, people who do not read fiction or poetry are in permanent danger of

11、 crashing against facts and being crushed by reality. And then, in turn, it is left to Dr. Jung and his colleagues to rush to the rescue and attempt mending the broken pieces.FSome time ago, the English actor Hugh Grant was arrested by the police in Los Angeles. He was performing a rather private ac

12、tivity in a public place, with a lady of the night. For less famous mortals, such a mishap would have been merely embarrassing, but for such a famous film star the incident proved quite shattering. In this distressing circumstance, he was interviewed by an American journalist, who asked him a very A

13、merican question, “Are you receiving any therapy or counselling?“Grant replied,“No. In England, we read novels. “GYet these considerations should not tarnish in the least the happiness of the winners. Ultimately, lotteries are designed to benefit not their winners, but handicapped children, or guide

14、 dogs for the blind, or whatever good cause is sponsoring them. And it is the same with the literary awards: year after year, they have only one true and permanent winner, always the sameand it is literature itself, our common love.Order:5 ASome people will find the results threateningbecause some p

15、eople find any group differences threateningbut such fears will be misplaced. We may find that innate differences give men, as a group, an edge over women, as a group, in producing, say, terrific mathematicians. But knowing that fact about the group difference will not change another fact: that some

16、 women are terrific mathematicians. The proportions of men and women mathematicians may never be equal, but who cares? Whats important is that all women with the potential to become terrific mathematicians have full opportunity to do so.BThis scholarship shows a notable imbalance, however: scholarsh

17、ip on the environmental sources of male-female differences tends to be stale(wade through a recent assessment of 172 studies of gender differences in parenting involving 28,000 children, and you will discover that two-thirds of the boys were discouraged from playing with dollsbut were nurtured prett

18、y much the same as girls in every other way); but scholarship about innate male-female differences has the vibrancy and excitement of an important new field gaining momentum. A recent notable example is The Essential Difference , published in 2003 by Simon Baron-Cohen of Cambridge University, which

19、presents a grand unified theory of male and female cognition that may well be a historic breakthrough.CHow our genetic makeup is implicated remains largely unknown, but our geneticists and neuroscientists are doing a great deal of work to unravel the story. When David C. Gearys landmark book Male, F

20、emale: The Evolution of Human Sex Differences was published in 1998, the bibliography of technical articles ran to 52 pagesand that was seven years ago. Hundreds if not thousands of articles have been published since.DMr. Summers offered that innate sex differences might explain why so few women are

21、 on science and engineering faculties. To judge from the subsequent furor, one might conclude that Mr. Summers was advancing a radical idea backed only by personal anecdotes and a fringe of cranks. In truth, its the other way around. If you were to query all the scholars who deal professionally with

22、 data about the cognitive repertoires of men and women, all but a fringe would accept that the sexes are different, and that genes are clearly implicated.E“Exciting“ is the right word for this work, not “threatening“or “scary. “We may not know the answers yet, but we can be confident that they will

23、be more interesting than, say, a discrete gene for science that clicks on for men differently than it does for women. Rather, it will be a story of the interaction of many male and female genetic differences, and the way a persons environment affects those differences. Hardly any of the answers will

24、 lend themselves to simplistic verdicts of “males are better“ or vice versa. For every time there is such a finding favoring males, there will be another favoring females.FForty-six years ago, in The Two Cultures , C. P. Snow famously warned of the dangers when communication breaks down between the

25、sciences and the humanities. The reaction to remarks by Lawrence Summers, the president of Harvard, about the differences between men and women was yet another sign of a breakdown that takes Snows worries to a new level: the wholesale denial that certain bodies of scientific knowledge exist.GIn the

26、study of gender, large and growing bodies of good science are helping us understand the sources of human abilities and limitations. It is time to accept their existence, their seriousness and their legitimacy.Order:10 ANot long ago, texting, also called SMS, was the domain of the young. But now it a

27、ppears to have joined the letter, phone, fax and e-mail as a bona fide communications tool of institutions in government and the private sector.BLate last year the human-resources director of a French radio station sent a “texto“ message to several staff members over the weekend telling them not to

28、bother coming to work on Monday: they were fired. The boss, of course, didnt have to deliver the bad news face to face. E-mail wouldnt have been appropriate because the employees might not have checked their in boxes until Monday morning. But a message to the cell phone is both instantaneous and pri

29、vate.CTexting is popping up in some surprising places. In Ukraine, the son of the leader of the main opposition group, the Party of Regions, is overseeing the countrys first text-message opinion poll-referred to as an“sms referendum. “From Jan. 17 until mid-March, those surveyed will be able to chim

30、e in by text message on whether Russian should be the countrys official second language. In Thailand, 25 million voters received a text reminder to vote in last years national election, which saw the landslide re-election of Thaksin Shinawatra, a businessman who made a fortune in the cell-phone indu

31、stry.DThe biggest users, at least among Europeans and Asians, have until now been the under-30 crowd. For them, texting is fully integrated into their lives, says Per Holmkvist, CEO of Swedish cell-phone firm Mobiento. According to surveys, a majority of young Europeans would choose their texting se

32、rvice over actual phone calling, if they were forced to pick one or the other.EPerhaps the best indication that texting has become ingrained in the culture is its use by government authorities, who are rarely quick to incorporate new technologies. Last autumn, residents of the Swiss town of Baluch w

33、ere allowed to cast real votes by cell phone to decide on a local ballot measure. Switzerland, a country sometimes mocked in Europe over the number of times people vote on ballot initiatives each year, is contemplating broadening the text-voting system nationwide.FJust as the technology finds accept

34、ance, it is changing. Instant messaging, a faster, keyboard-oriented method of texting, is catching on as more cell phones and PDAs come with tiny keyboards. Then theres photo and video messaging. Projections suggest that the total messaging markettext, photo and video-will be worth 5 0 billion, wit

35、h 2. 3 8 trillion messages sent, by 2010. Thats no youth fad.GAre you afraid of storms, bursting levees and killer tsunamis? Hold on to your cell phoneit may soon be warning you of impending catastrophe. Starting on Feb. 1, cellphone owners in flood-prone regions of the Netherlands can expect a ring

36、 and then a text message warning with evacuation instructions in case of flood. And its not just the water-watchful Dutch. South Korea is working out the kinks in a cell-phone storm-warning system. Finland, Malaysia and India are mulling similar plans.Order:15 AWhy cant this happen more often? It is

37、 no accident that Worthen and so many others are drawn to a teacher who is not a lifelong academic, but who was active in the real world. Yet our universities operate too much like a guild system, throwing plenty of people with dissertations at students, not enough with practical knowledge. Why aren

38、t there more scholars, like Hill, Gaddis and Kennedy, who teach students to be generalists, to see the great connections? Instead, the academy encourages squirrel-like specialization.BGrand Strategy is taught by three great professorsJohn Lewis Gaddis, Paul Kennedy and Charles Hill. But when my stud

39、ents talked, there was always a special reverence for Hill. This was the Renaissance man, the career foreign-service officer who had used power from the inside, but who also applied literature and philosophy to everyday problems. What they were really describing when they talked of Hill was a man of

40、 authority, an adult in full.COne of my students, an uncommonly self-reflective young woman named Molly Worthen, did something more than just admire Hill. She asked: Who is this man I look up to? Where does such an authoritative person come from? In the year after graduation, she devoted herself ful

41、l time to writing a book-length biography. Ive just seen her manuscript; its one of the more uplifting documents Ive read in a long time. At one level its a regular biography. It describes Hills foreign-service career, first as a China-watcher, then in Vietnam, then as a speechwriter for Henry Kissi

42、nger, then in Israel and, at the climax of the Cold War, as Secretary of State George Shultzs right-hand man.DCollege students, even at Yale, live enveloped by uncertainty. What should I do with my life? What really matters? Hill seemed to them a man who in the course of years had figured it all out

43、. He was an austere but commanding presence in their lives. Students would go to him outside class, seeking guidance about life. Hill made time for them. He didnt hem and haw; he rendered judgments. One student had a few conversations with Hill and joined the Marines after graduation. Some rebelled

44、against his self-confident opinions, but others were drawn by his sense of seriousness, his aura of great purpose, which they longed to share.EA few years ago, I taught a course at Yale. Over dinners, Id listen to my students talk about their other courses, and in many of these conversations there w

45、as one that stood out: Grand Strategy. For many students, this yearlong course was not just a class, but a life-altering event. Somehow students in Grand Strategy were applying Thucydides, Kant and Sun Tzu to modern foreign policy crises. They talked excitedly about seeing the connections between bi

46、g ideas and big events.FBut this is not really a biography of Hill. This is a book about teaching. Its a book about the complex relationship between an experienced person, offering lifes lessons, and a young seeker, hoping to acquire them. Throughout her manuscript, Worthen describes what it was lik

47、e to write about her guide. To study him, she used all the mental disciplines he had taught her. Soon she found that their roles were becoming reversed. She found herself judging the guru. She found herself reaching conclusions independently.GToo many universities have become professionalized inform

48、ation-transmission systems, when teaching should instead be this sort of relationship between the experienced Hill and the young Worthen, on whom little now is lost.Order:考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 186 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C o

49、r D. (40 points)【知识模块】 段落排序1 【正确答案】 E【知识模块】 段落排序2 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 段落排序3 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 段落排序4 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 段落排序5 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 段落排序【知识模块】 段落排序6 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 段落排序7 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 段落排序8 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 段落排序9 【正确答案】 E【知识模块】 段落排序10 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 段落排序【知识模块】 段落排序11 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 段落排序12 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 段落排序13 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 段落排序14 【正确答案】 E【知识模块】 段落排序15 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 段落排序【知识模块】 段落排序16 【正确答案】 E【知识模块】 段落排序17 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 段落排序18 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 段落排序19 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 段落排序20 【正确答案】 A【知识模块】 段落排序