[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷295及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 295 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Telecommuting, Internet shopping and online meetings may save energy as compared with in-person alternatives, but as the digital age moves on, its green

2、 reputation is turning a lot browner. Last year, E-mailing consumed as much as 1.5 percent of the nations electricityhalf of which comes from coal.In 2005 the computers of the world ate up 123 billion kilo-watt hours of energy. As a result, the power bill to run a computer over its lifetime will sur

3、pass the cost of buying the machine in the first placegiving Internet and computer companies a business reason to cut energy costs, as well as an environmental one. One of the biggest energy sinks comes not from the computers themselves but from the air-conditioning needed to keep them from overheat

4、ing. For every kilowatt-hour of energy used for computing in a data center, another kilowatt-hour is required to cool the furnace like racks of servers.For Internet giant Google, this reality has driven efforts such as the installation of a solar array that can provide 30 percent of the peak power n

5、eeds of its headquarters as well as increasing purchases of renewable energy. But to deliver Web pages within seconds, the firm must maintain hundreds of thousands of computer servers in cavernous buildings. “We are actively working to maximize the efficiency of our data centers, which account for m

6、ost of the energy Google consumes worldwide.“ remarks Googles green energy czar Bill Weihl. Google will funnel some of its profits into a new effort, dubbed REfall by the wayside.Most economists would argue that, without a patent system, even fewer inventions would lead to successful innovations, an

7、d those that did would be kept secret for far longer in order to maximize returns. But what if patents actually discourage the combining and recombining of inventions to yield new products and processesas has happened in biotechnology, genetics and other disciplines?Or what about those ridiculous bu

8、siness-process patents, like Amazoncoms “one-click“ patent or the “name-your-price“ auction patent assigned to P? Instead of stimulating innovation, such patents seem more about extracting “rents“ from innocent bystanders going about their business. One thing has become clear since business-process

9、patents took off in America during the 1990s: the quality of patents has deteriorated markedly. And with sloppier patenting standards, litigation has increased. The result is higher transaction costs all found.It is not simply a failure of the United States Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO)to exami

10、ne applications more rigorously. The Federal Circuit has been responsible for a number of bizarre rulings. Because of its diverse responsibilities, the Federal Circuitunlike its counterparts in Europe and Japan has never really acquired adequate expertise in patent law.To be eligible for a patent, a

11、n invention must not just be novel, but also useful and non-obvious. Anything that relies on natural phenomena, abstract ideas or the laws of nature does not qualify. The USPTO has taken to requiring a working prototype of anything that supposedly breaches the laws of physics. So, no more perpetual-

12、motion machines, please.6 What can we learn from the first paragraph?（A）It is a natural tendency for people to believe that innovation is stimulated by patents.（B） The inventors cannot reap the fruits of their patents until many years later.（C） Individuals and organizations welcome competitions brou

13、ght about by the patentees.（D）Patenting can never be a blessing to society if it fails to benefit people at large.7 The phrase “fall by the wayside“(Line 6, Para 2)most probably means（A）give up.（B） break down.（C） drop off.（D）fall over.8 According to the author, the “one-click“ patent and the “name-y

14、our-price“ patent are（A）comical.（B） shocking.（C） absurd.（D）unreasonable.9 The author holds that business-process patents（A）should have been introduced earlier.（B） have helped innovation.（C） should be responsible for rising prices.（D）should achieve a higher standardization.10 According to the text, w

15、hich of the following is eligible for a patent?（A）The perpetual-motion machine.（B） A solar-powered automobile.（C） The “one-click“ online payment system.（D）A words-memorizing approach.10 If American medicine were a patient, he would weigh 350 pounds and be gaining fast. Despite being repeatedly couns

16、eled about the dangers of morbid obesity, he would be making at best half-hearted attempts to mend his gluttonous(excessive drinking and eating)ways. Meanwhile, his doctors, insurance company, politicians and regulators would remain in a deep state of denial, clutching the illusion that their patien

17、t, other than being a bit overweight, was in tip-top health. Truth be told, the US medical system is headed for multiple organ failure. The spiraling cost of healthcare is well known: $7,100 per person this year, projected to increase to $12,000 in 2015 and compounding at more than double the rate o

18、f inflation. Already, medical care gobbles up one-sixth of the GDP. Even so, we ask ourselves, how better to spend our money on the best healthcare in the world? Not so fast. The facts show that these enormous expenditures may be buying us the best facilities in medical carebut not the best health.

19、For example, Canada spends only 60% as much per person on healthcare as the United States. Yet, since 1980, the longevity of all Canadians has improved more rapidly than that of only white Americans. Yes, the “queues“ in Canada can involve delays in nonemergency care. But these could be shortened wi

20、th relatively small increases in funding. An article in the US journal Health Affairs investigating the number of Canadians who come here to avoid these waits found the number so small that it asked, “A tip with no iceberg?“ Britain spends only 40% as much as we do on healthcare. But according to th

21、e Journal of the American Medical Assn., middle-class insured Americans “are much less healthy than their English counterparts“. In fact, although Americans spend twice as much per person on healthcare as the other 21 wealthiest countries, data from the World Health Organization show that we live th

22、e shortest amount of time in good health years less than the average in the other countries. Reviewing a Dartmouth Medical School study that found higher mortality rates in areas that spent the most on Medicare, professor Elliott Fisher concluded that “perhaps a third of medical spending is now devo

23、ted to services that dont appear to improve health or the quality of careand may make things worse.“ This means that the US is wasting more than $650 billion a yearhalf again more than the entire Defense Department will spend this year, including the cost of the war in Iraqon unnecessary and often h

24、armful.11 In the opening paragraph, American medicine is compared to a patient to show that（A）it has wasted the US government a huge amount of money.（B） it is so problematic and troublesome that it is past cure.（C） it is generally wholesome except for some minor problems.（D）it is as problem-ridden a

25、s a patient with serious illness.12 Canada and Britain are mentioned in paragraph 3 to illustrate that（A）America spends more money on medical care than Canada and Britain.（B） both Canada and Britain are fairly successful in terms of healthcare.（C） American expenditure on medical care is not so effic

26、ient as expected.（D）both Canada and Britain should hike up their expenditures on healthcare.13 “A tip with no iceberg?“(lines 5-6, Paragraph 3)most probably means（A）patients in Canada sometimes do have to wait for nonemergency treatments.（B） shortage of funds in Canadian medical system can be resolv

27、ed easily.（C） a big increase in funding is needed in Canada, not a small one.（D）delays in nonemergency treatment in Canada are not such a serious problem.14 Which of the following statements is true of the text?（A）Medical care takes up the largest share of US government expenditures.（B） Americans en

28、joy the best facilities in medical care but have worst health.（C） America performs worse than Canada and Britain in terms of healthcare.（D）Americans have a shorter life expectancy than people in other 21 wealthiest countries.15 Elliott Fisher will most probably agree that（A）US expenditure on medical

29、 care is a waste of money and should be halted.（B） US government should make the best use of the spending in medical care.（C） America is turning into such an over-medicated society that it does harm to people.（D）more money should be diverted to military defense instead of medical care.15 Norwood, Oh

30、ioin this town, which is surrounded by Cincinnati, there is a field surrounded by a high chain-link fence. Across a street on one side of the field is a residential neighborhood of modest homes. On another side is an upscale shopping center. The field used to be a neighborhood with 99 houses and sma

31、ll businesses, but almost all the structures have been destroyed. One of the homes that remainthe developer of the shopping center wants to level all so he can expand his domainwas for 35 years the first and only home owned by Carl and Joy Gamble, who are both in their mid-60s.Now they live across t

32、he Ohio River in Kentucky, in the basement of their daughters house, as they wait for the Ohio Supreme Court to decide their homes fate. Norwoods government seized it to enrich itself by enriching a taxpaying developer who has a $125 million project.The Gambles say that when the city offered them mo

33、ney for their house, they were not interested. “We had everything we wanted, right there,“ says Joy, who does not drive but could walk to see her mother in a Norwood nursing home. “We loved that housethat home.“ Past tense. Norwoods government, in a remarkably absurd deal, accepted the developers of

34、fer to pay the cost of the study thatsurprise! enabled the city to declare the neighborhood “blighted“ and “deteriorating.“ NEWSWEEK reader, stroll around your neighborhood. Do you see any broken sidewalk pavement? Any standing water in a road? Such factorsnever mind that sidewalks and roads are gov

35、ernments responsibilitywere cited by the developers study to justify Norwoods forcing the Gambles and their neighbors to sell to the developer.Norwoods behavior is part of a national pattern: From 1998 through 2002, state and local governments seized or threatened to seize more than 10,000 homes, bu

36、sinesses, churches and pieces of land, not for “public use“ but to enrich private interests, some of whose enhanced riches can be siphoned away by taxes. Such legalised thefttheft by governmentdoes not use a gun, it just abuses the power of eminent domain.The Gambles plighta quiet, blue-collar coupl

37、es life in ruins just as they are entering retirement vividly illustrates what happens when property rights become too attenuated to protect the individuals zone of sovereignty against governmfnt power. Because such abuses are proliferating nationwide, people are pressuring state legislatures to for

38、bid the seizure of property simply to give local governmentswho never say they have enough revenuesthe revenues they say they need. And Congress may forbid the use of federal funds for projects benefiting from such seizures.16 Which of the following is true of the current situation in Norwood, Ohio?

39、（A）Theres a shopping center in this town for common people.（B） 99 houses and small businesses remain in this destroyed area.（C） The Gambles, developers of the shopping center moved in lately.（D）The town has undergone great changes in recent years.17 Norwoods government seized the homes of the Gamble

40、s in that it wanted to（A）benefit from a taxpaying developer.（B） do justice to other residents.（C） help to develop the area efficiently.（D）level all to build a new town.18 It is indicated in Paragraph 3 and 4 that（A）the Gambles were hesitating when the government offered them money.（B） the government

41、 allowed the developer to conduct a study in this area（C） Norwoods government tried to prevent the residents from losing their homes.（D）Norwoods behavior is rare compared with other regions in the country.19 The word “attenuated“(Line 2, Paragraph 5)most probably means（A）overpowered.（B） dominating.（

42、C） weak.（D）centralized.20 Which of the following is the best title for this text?（A）Norwood, a Neglected Place（B） The Revenues Governments Need（C） The Gambles Dilemma（D）Legal Theft in Norwood考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 295 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text b

43、y choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节1 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 语义理解题。句 but 之前讲到网络活动可能更节约能源，但转折后却说其环保名声正变得越来越黯淡。句更是举例说到耗电量，隐含意思是网络活动变得不够环保，故 B 项与之相符。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。该段句提出最大的能量消耗不是来自电脑本身而是来自于为防止电脑过热而使用的空调，句的举例形象地说明了此原因，故 C 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。该段句提到 Goog

44、le 增加可更新能源的采购，此外还有太阳能电池组的安装，从而推进一项名为“比煤炭廉价的可再生能源”的新行动(句) ，故 C 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 事实细节题，考查例证细节。通常举例是为了说明某个观点，而段落的观点通常在该段第一句。句表明电脑行业开始运用一小技巧来努力节约电能，惠普就是用来举例说明这些小技巧可能是什么，故 A 项与之相符。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。该段句引述 Allyson Klein 的原话“如果能成功转向多核芯片，这将节约大量能源”理解关键在于 savingswere subs

45、tantial，其中substantial 意为 “大量的”，故 B 项与之相符。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节6 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。第一段结尾部分句谈到了作者对专利的看法：只有(only if)当专利授予刺激了经济发展，生产出商品，从而改善了人们生活时，专利导致的竞争丧失才看似合理，这样的专利才可以被认为是一种福佑，故 D 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节7 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 词语理解题。第二段句表明，将创新推向市场需花费大量的人力物力，接着句 And 表明另一种并列情况：每一个聪明的创意取得商业上的成功，就有数千个创意

46、 fall by the wayside。由此可以推知该短语的意思应与 goes on to become a commercial winner 相反，即“失败，半途放弃”，故 A 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节8 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据题干的两个专利定位文章第四段。该段句可以看出，作者认为诸如亚马逊网站的“一键点击”之类的专利都是 ridiculous(荒谬的)，absurd(荒谬的)是其同义词， C 项为答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 观点态度题。根据关键词 business-process patents 定位文章第

47、四段。句表明：随着专利标准日渐下滑，相关诉讼事件日益增加，由此可见作者认为这类专利的标准不够高，故 D 项最符合题意。sloppy 和 litigation 都是难词，sloppy 意为“ 松垮的”，此处指 “下滑”，litigation 指“诉讼”。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据 eligible 一词定位文章最后一段。句表明：一项发明要想符合申请专利的条件，不但要有新意，还要有用，并且具有非显而易见性。任何依赖自然现象、抽象思维或者自然规律的东西都不合格。根据这点可以推断得出 B 项最符合题意。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节【知识模块】

48、阅读理解 A 节11 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。第一段和 句指出，如果把美国医疗比作一个病人，那它不仅仅只有肥胖的问题，它的很多器官已濒临功能衰竭。可见，文章将美国医疗比作病人其实是想说美国医疗的问题很多，故 D 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节12 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。该段讲到,加拿大和英国在医疗方面的开支少，人们反而更加健康。举例的目的就是突出美国在医疗方面花费大，但收效小，故 C 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 语义理解题。第三段句讲到加拿大医疗制度的一个小问题，即排队会导致延误治疗，但因此选择到美国医

49、院就诊的人仍然很少，也就是说，这个问题并不严重，D 项的理解正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。文章第三段旨在说明：加拿大和英国，在医疗方面的开支比美国少，国民反而更加健康，根据此意，不难推断出 C 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 观点态度题。第五段句提到费希尔教授认为美国浪费了很多钱在不必要甚至是有害的医疗服务上，其隐含意思是美国政府应该合理利用资金，完善医疗制度，故 B 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节16 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题。该段句提到“这块空地上原来是一个小区，有 99 幢房子还有些小商店，但是现在几乎所有的建筑物都已被摧毁”，说明这里经历了很大的变化，故选 D 项。【知识模块】 阅读理解 A 节17 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 事实细节题，考查因果细节。根据 Norwoods government seized可定位至第二段。该段句说的是政府征用这块土地并将其出售给了一名纳税开发商，以此来中饱私囊，enrich itself 中 itself 指的就是