[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷322及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 322 及答案与解析Part B (10 points) 0 ASome archaeological sites have always been easily observablefor example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece; the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological s

2、ites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging o

3、f the Mexico City subway in the 1970s. BIn another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City at its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human se

4、ttlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the citys vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived. CHow do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the grou

5、nd? Typically, they survey and sample(make test excavations on)large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites. DSurveys can cover a singl

6、e large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the

7、 distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copan collapsed. ETo find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such

8、 as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields. FMost archaeol

9、ogical sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamum existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valle

10、y of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans combed antique dealers stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for ting engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 12

11、00s BC. Evanss interpretations of those engravings eventually led them to find the Minoan palace at Knossos(Knoso s), on the island of Crete, in 1900. GGround surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for

12、surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors

13、. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research. Order: 5 AMany studies conclude that children with highl

14、y involved fathers, in relation to children with less involved fathers, tend to be more cognitively and socially competent, less inclined toward gender stereotyping, more empathic, and psychologically better adjusted. Commonly, these studies investigate both paternal warmth and paternal involvement

15、and find using simple correlations that the two variables are related to each other and to youth outcomes. BBoys seemed to conform to the sex-role standards of their culture when their relationships with their fathers were warm, regardless of how “masculine“ the fathers were, even though warmth and

16、intimacy have traditionally been seen as feminine characteristics. A similar conclusion was suggested by research on other aspects of psychosocial adjustment and on achievement: Paternal warmth or closeness appeared beneficial, whereas paternal masculinity appeared irrelevant. CThe critical question

17、 is: How good is the evidence that fathers amount of involvement, without taking into account its content and quality, is consequential for children, mothers, or fathers themselves? The associations with desirable outcomes found in much research are actually with positive forms of paternal involveme

18、nt, not involvement per se. Involvement needs to be combined with qualitative dimensions of paternal behavior through the concept of “positive paternal involvement“ developed here. DCommonly, researchers assessed the masculinity of fathers and of sons and then correlated the two sets of scores. Many

19、 behavioral scientists were surprised to discover that no consistent results emerged from this research until they examined the quality of the father-son relationship. Then they found that when the relationship between masculine fathers and their sons was warm and loving, the boys were indeed more m

20、asculine. Later, however, researchers found that the masculinity of fathers per se did not seem to make much difference after all. As summarized by: EThe second domain in which a substantial amount of research has been done on the influence of variations in father love deals with father involvement,

21、 that is, with the amount of time that fathers spend with their children(engagement), the extent to which fathers make themselves available to their children(accessibility), and the extent to which they take responsibility for their children s care and welfare(responsibility). FIt is unclear from th

22、ese studies whether involvement and warmth make independent or joint contributions to youth outcomes. Moreover, “caring for“ children is not necessarily the same thing as “caring about“ them. Indeed, Lamb concluded from his review of studies of paternal involvement that it was not the simple fact of

23、 paternal engagement(i.e., direct interaction with the child), availability, or responsibility for child care that was associated with these outcomes. Rather, it appears that the quality of the father-child relationship made the greatest difference. J. H. Pleck reiterated this conclusion when he wro

24、te: GResearch by Veneziano and Rohner supports these conclusions. In a biracial sample of 63 African American and European American children, the authors found from multiple regression analyses that father involvement by itself was associated with childrens psychological adjustment primarily insofar

25、 as it was perceived by youths to be an expression of paternal warmth(acceptance).HMany studies looking exclusively at the influence of variations in father love deal with two topics:(a)gender role development and(b)father involvement Studies of gender role development emerged prominently in the 194

26、0s and continued through the 1970s. This was a time when fathers were considered to be especially important as gender role models for sons. Order: 10 AYou may have to impress the company HR representatives as well. HR reps are typically trained to ask very specific and personal questions, like what

27、salary you expect and what youve made in the past. They might ask you about your impressions of the company and the people who interviewed you. They might also ask if you have other offers. If so, chances are good that they are willing to compete for you. But if you say that you have other offers, b

28、e prepared to back it up with the who, what and when, because they might challenge you. The HR reps are also the people who will conduct or arrange reference and background checks. They might have the final say. BBesides management, you might also interview with one or more of your future coworkers.

29、 Regardless of the questions they ask, what they most really want to know is how well youll fit into the team, if youll cause them more work instead of less, and if they should feel threatened by you. When answering, be eager enough to show that you are a good team player and will pull your load, bu

30、t not so eager as to appear to be a back-stabbing ladder climber! CAlways research a company before you interview, and remember that attire, body language and manners count, big time. Try to avoid common mistakes. You may think that this is common sense, but crazy stuff really happens! DJob intervie

31、wing is one of the most popular career topics on the Web. But no career advisor can tell you exactly what to say during a job interview. Interviews are just too up-close and personal for that. About the best that career advisors can do, is to give you some tips about the typical questions to expect,

32、 so you can practice answering them ahead of time. But, while there are many canned interview questions, there are few canned answers. The rest is up to you. EBe prepared to attend a second interview at the same company, and maybe even a third or fourth. If youre called back for more interviews, it

33、means that theyre interested in you. But, it doesnt mean youre a shoo-in. Most likely, they are narrowing the competition, so keep up the good work! FTo put you somewhat at ease, many interviewers really dont know how to interview effectively. Frontline interviewers are typically managers and superv

34、isors who have never been or are barely trained in interviewing techniques. Theyre a little nervous too, just like you. Some dont even prepare in advance. This makes it easier for you to take control of the interview, if you have prepared. But in controlling an interview, its not a good idea to try

35、to dominate. Instead, try to steer it toward landing the job. GAfter interviewing, immediately send a thank you letter to each of your interviewers. Its professional and expected, and might even be the deciding factor in your favor. HRemember, its a two-way street. Its the employers chance to judge

36、you, but its also very much your chance to judge the employer. In fact, if you handle yourself well and ask the right questions, you 11 put the interviewer in the position of selling the company to you. If this happens, you re probably doing well. Order: 考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 322 答案与解析Part B (10 points) 【知识模

37、块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文章一共七段，第二段和第四段已经给出，首段空缺。首段应当是一个提纲挈领式的开始，能够引出文章后面内容或者概括文章内容。浏览各段主要内容，发现除了已经给定的 A 项、E 项之外，C 项最适合作为首段，很明显 C 项引出了文章的主题，暗示考生文章主要讲的是考古学家发现遗址常用的两种方法。因此本题选择 C 项作为首段。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 F【试题解析】 本题需要确定第三段。第二段 A 项的开头句为 Some archaeological sites have always beeneasily observable(一些遗址总是很容易被发现

38、)。浏览浏览剩下的 B、D 、F、G 项，发现 F 项的开头句为 Most archaeological sites， however，are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to lookfor them(不过大部分遗址还是被那些专门寻找它们的考古学家发现的)，与 A 项内容形成转折。因此，本题选择 F 项作为第三段。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 G【试题解析】 本题需要确定第五段。浏览剩下的 B、D 、G 项，发现 G 项开头为Ground surveys，结合段中 Archaeologists also may locat

39、e buried remains bv using such technologies as可知 G 项主要讲发现遗址的一些科技手段。而已经给定的第四段 E 项第一句便是段落主旨句，段中还出现了 Air-borne technologies，Aerial surveys 等。因此 G 项与 E 项的内容是一脉相承的，可以确定第五段是 G 项。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 本题需要确定第六段。只剩下 B、D 两个备选项了，因此相对来说容易些。浏览发现 B 项开头有 In another case，而 D 项第二句开头是 In one case，很明显 B 项排在 D 项之后

40、。因此本题选择 D 项作为第六段。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 本题需要确定第七段。B 项开头 In another case，正好与第七段 D项 In one case 相照应，因此选 B 项。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 E【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 F【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 G【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 D【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 F【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 B【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 C【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 H【知识模块】 阅读16 【正确答案】 E【知识模块】 阅读