[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷359及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 359 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 “Always“. “Never“. These are probably the two most powerful words in the English language. Even more powerful than yes and no, since saying yes(or no)ap

2、plies to the moment or subject at hand, while saying “always“ or “never“ sets the tone for everything to come. The two words can be powerful in a beneficial way, or in an adversely negative way. If you use “always“ in affirmations such as “I am always increasing my level of joy and aliveness“, or “I

3、 am always growing nearer and nearer to my divine reality“, or “I am always at the right place at the right time“, etc. , then these uses of the word “always“ become an empowerment. However, when we use the word “always“ in negative situations, such as “I always get it wrong“, or “I always catch a c

4、old“, etc. then we are “creating our reality“ in a powerful way.The use of the word ALWAYS is very powerful, so is the use of NEVER. While I encourage you to find empowering ways to use the word “always“, I also encourage you to drop completely the word NEVER. One cannot use that word positively? Ev

5、en if you say “I never catch a cold“, or “My husband never cheats on me“, or whatever, the focus is still on something you dont want in your lifea cold, a cheating husband, etc. It is better to replace those statements(and thoughts)with “I am always healthy“, or if youre not quite comfortable with t

6、hat statement, then say “Each day, I get healthier and healthier“. Or rather than focus on the picture of a cheating husband, better to focus on “My husband is always faithful to me“, or “My husband and I are faithful and honest with each other“. You can ask your subconscious to help you root out yo

7、ur use of the word “always“ and the word “never“. Ask your subconscious to alert you when you use those words whether in thought or conversation. When you catch yourself “creating your reality“ in a way that does not meet your highest vision of a happy life, then rephrase your thought or statement.

8、If you find yourself saying “ I always“ followed by a negative projection, you could, at the least, replace the “always“ with “in the past, I . . . “(omitting the word “always“ or “never“). In this way, you at least keep that picture tied to your past, and free your future for something which is mor

9、e in keeping with your dreams and vision for yourself. I leave you with these thoughts: May you always be blessed with many wonderfull experiences. May your heart always be full of love for yourself and for others. So be it!1 The text suggests that_.（A）the word “never“ cannot be powerful in a benefi

10、cial way（B） the word “always“ can only be powerful in a positive way（C） the use of the word “always“ is creating a reality powerfully（D）yes and “no“ should be replaced by “always“ and “never“2 According to the author, the word “always“_.（A）is usually used to talk about happiness in our lives（B） may

11、be used either in a beneficial or in a negative way（C） is used more in a beneficial way than in a negative way（D）can be extremely powerful when used in a negative way3 The author maintains that the word “never“_.（A）can scarcely be used positively（B） can sometimes be used positively（C） can be used in

12、 an empowering way（D）should be used in a negative situation4 In the authors opinion, the word “always“_.（A）should be discarded completely（B） should be used more subconsciously（C） should be used to talk about past events（D）should be less used in negative situations 5 The author insists that_.（A）what

13、you prefer to “always“ have in your life, just say so（B） everybody is always blessed with love and great happiness（C） your future is based on your dreams and vision for yourself（D）whatever you say or whatever you dream will come true someday5 In May, USA Today reported that the federal government is

14、 collecting data on the phone calls made and received by tens of million of Americans. According to the programs defenders, your grocery store, your cable company, and your credit card company can identify you based on your phone number, but the National Security Agency(NSA)cant. At least, thats the

15、 implication when people say the database is legal because the information in it has been “anonymized“i. e. , stripped of names and addresses. But phone numbers can readily be linked to names and addresses using publicly available information. The claim that there s really nothing personal or privat

16、e about the phone call records which tell the NSA who calls whom, when, and for how longis a tenuous basis for defending data collection that ordinarily requires a court order or the customers consent. One major phone company, Qwest, refused to give the NSA its customers records. Officials there kne

17、w they could face hefty penalties under at least two statutes, the Communications Act and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, if they revealed this information without their customers permission unless they were legally required to do so. The NSAs defenders cite Qwests refusal as evidence the

18、 program is voluntary and therefore legal. In fact, it indicates just the opposite: Had Qwest been presented with a lawful subpoena or court order demanding the data, it almost certainly would have complied. If it hadnt, the government could have forced it to do so. Instead, USA Today reported, the

19、NSA resorted to extra-legal methods, pressuring the phone companies to divulge the data through appeals to patriotism, warnings about terrorism, and threats of lost government contracts. Presumably it took this route because it would have had a hard time convincing the Foreign Intelligence Surveilla

20、nce Court that every Americans phone records were “relevant“ to a terrorism investigation. Maybe the NSA shouldnt have to meet that standard when it does automated analyses of such data aimed at preventing terrorist attacks. If so, theres a simple solution: Ask Congress to change the relevant statut

21、es. Otherwise, divulging the records to the government violates the law.6 It was reported that the federal government is_.（A）defending its right to collect data on the phone calls of people（B） collecting data on the phone calls of people for security reasons（C） interested in getting the personal inf

22、ormation of average citizens（D）following the example of credit card companies in data collection7 The National Security Agency believes that it is legal_.（A）to collect “anonymized“ personal information（B） to link phone numbers to names and addresses（C） to use publicly available information in data a

23、nalysis（D）to identify and accuse anyone based on phone call records8 The NSAs defenders state that phone call records_.（A）are frequently used by various institutions（B） can be used without the customers consent（C） are nothing but publicly available information（D）can hardly be considered as private i

24、nformation9 The example of Qwest is cited by the NSAs defenders to prove that phone data collection_.（A）faces severe penalties（B） requires a court order（C） is permitted by the law（D）is forbidden by statutes10 The author argues that at present_.（A）revealing call records to the NSA is illegal（B） colle

25、cting data for national security is legal（C） communications statutes have to be modified（D）preventing terrorism is a matter of great urgency10 Divorce is one of those creations, like fast food and lite rock, that has more people willing to indulge Zin it than people willing to defend it. Back in the

26、 1960s, easier divorce was hailed as a needed remedy for toxic relationships. But familiarity has bred contempt. In recent years, the divorce revolution has been blamed for worsening all sorts of problems without bringing happiness to people in unhappy marriages.Theres a lot of evidence that marital

27、 breakup does more social harm than good. In their 2000 book, The Case for Marriage, Linda Waite and Maggie Gallagher document that adults who are married do better than singles in wealth, health, and personal satisfaction. Children living with a divorced or unwed single parent are more likely to fa

28、ll into poverty, sickness, and crime than other kids.Marriage is a good thing, most people agree, while divorce is, at best, a necessary evil. So the laws that accompanied the divorce revolution have come under fire for destroying families and weakening safeguards for spouses who keep their vows. Wa

29、ite and Gallagher argue that loose divorce laws harm even intact households by fostering chronic uncertainty. Louisiana, in line with this criticism, has gone so far as to provide a “covenant marriage“ option for couples who want the protection of stricter divorce rules. It may seem obvious that eas

30、ier divorce laws make for more divorce and more insecurity. But what is obvious is not necessarily true. What two scholars have found is that when you make divorce easier to get, you may actually produce better marriages.In the old days, anyone who wanted to escape from the trials of wedlock had to

31、get his or her spouse to agree to a split, or else go to court to prove the partner had done something terribly wrong(such as committing adultery). The 1960s and 70s, brought “no-fault“ divorce, which is also known as “unilateral divorce“, since either party can bring it about without the consent of

32、 the other. The first surprise is that looser divorce laws have actually had little effect on the number of marriages that fall apart. Economist Justin Wolfers of Stanford University, in a study published by the National Bureau of Economic Research(NBER), found that when California passed a no-fault

33、 divorce law in 1970, the divorce rate jumped, then fell back to its old leveland then fell some more. That was also the pattern in other states that loosened their laws. Over time, he estimates, the chance that a first marriage would break up rose by just one-fourth of one percentage point, which i

34、s next to nothing.11 By saying “familiarity has bred contempt“, the author means that_.（A）familiar people tend to despise each other（B） divorce revolution has become unwelcome（C） divorced people are always held in contempt（D）familiarity contributes to unhappy marriages12 According to the book, The C

35、ase for Marriage, divorce_.（A）serves as a trigger for juvenile delinquency（B） harms health, and lessens personal satisfaction（C） is the primary reason for poverty and sickness（D）does harm to both adults and children involved13 Most people believe that easier divorce laws_.（A）are needed to remedy mar

36、ital breakup（B） bring happiness to unhappy marriages（C） are desirable to reduce the divorce rate（D）inflict chronic insecurity on marriages14 The author argues that loose divorce laws may_.（A）improve marriages and not promote divorce（B） raise divorce rate and cause more insecurity（C） impel more peopl

37、e to choose to get divorced（D）help people escape from the trials of wedlock15 The no-fault divorce law_.（A）was hailed when it was passed（B） caused the divorce rate to jump（C） failed to make for more divorce（D）created more one-parent families15 Deviance is defined as any act, belief or action that re

38、sults in the disapproval of any members of society. Much of the scorn that people face in society today is a result of situational deviance(that which is regarded as regular in one community may be considered deviant in another). It is because of situational deviance that literally every person coul

39、d be labeled a deviant by some. With so many different value and belief systems occurring simultaneously throughout the planet, systems that often conflict with one another, it is impossible for anyone to be considered “normal“ in every society on earth. Take this example: a member of a street gang

40、assisting in an armed robbery with fellow gang members. This act is seen as deviant within most cultures and organizations throughout the planet, but fellow criminals or members of the gang may scorn those who do NOT participate in such acts, as they are viewed as cowards or fools. This proves that

41、regardless of how a person acts or what beliefs they hold they are destined to face scorn from some members of the population, which makes everyone deviant to some extent. You might be asking why: if everyone is considered deviant to some extent, only a small portion of the population is punished by

42、 the law. Many times laws reflect the values of the majority of a population. This means that as long as an act is considered to be acceptable by most of the local population, this will most likely be reflected in the laws of the community. This is not always the case, as sometimes laws are simply r

43、eflective of the values of those in power and do not reflect the beliefs of the majority of the population(euthanasia and homosexual marriage are two controversial laws).This is not to say that all acts that are deemed deviant are criminal. Many non-criminal acts are considered by many to be deviant

44、, while some acts that are against the law may be seen as legitimate by a majority of society. Many people view the legal activity of purchasing pornography as deviant, while many more consider mercy killing(or euthanasia)to be acceptable or even commendable despite the fact that this act is often i

45、llegal. Virtually every human being on the face of the earth has been scorned or stigmatized at one point or another. This is simply the result of an ever changing, diverse, and multicultural planet, and it is humanitys beliefs and values that separate the human race from other animals.16 According

46、to the text, situational deviance refers to_.（A）a behavior seen as deviant only in a particular culture（B） much of the scorn faced by people in modern society（C） an act that is considered illegal in specific occasions（D）severe social disapproval of personal characteristics17 The example of a street

47、gang member is given to show that_.（A）there are numerous value and belief systems（B） everyone may be seen as deviant somewhere（C） belief systems often run up against each other（D）giving aid to an armed robbery is a deviant act18 We learn from the text that a deviant behavior is_.（A）usually acceptabl

48、e to ordinary people（B） seen as unacceptable by most people（C） unlikely to be reflected in the laws（D）not necessarily considered illegal19 The example of euthanasia shows that _.（A）a law may fail to reflect the values of the majority（B） a legal act may well be unacceptable to most people（C） euthanas

49、ia is inconsistent with homosexual marriage（D）an illegal act is probably both rational and acceptable20 The author uses the example of purchasing pornography to show that_.（A）some illegal acts are regarded as lawful in society（B） everyone faces scorn on account of his deviant act（C） legal acts are likely to be unacceptable occasionally（D）deviant acts are usually not illegal but morally wrong考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 359 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts.