[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷361及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 361 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 Family traditions are very visible signs of our love for each other. Traditions represent stability in an often very shaky world. Traditions are frequen

2、tly the security blanket we need to get through tough situations. Those statements may sound like platitudes, or pie-in-the-sky ideals, but they are the truth in our family as we share and grow together. What do pinwheel steaks and ice cream cakes have in common? In our family, food is always a part

3、 of our traditional times together. The birthday person always gets to pick a favorite meal, and no one else will complain because that is the way it is. Sometimes it is comforting not to have to give a reason for everything a teenager questions! We celebrate birthdays with favorite foods be it a ca

4、rrot cake or apple pie for dessert because that is just the way it is! Growing boys with a craving for meat usually order pinwheel steaks with mashed potatoes. Grandpa always wants an ice cream cake to celebrate while Grandma wants a strawberry rhubarb pie for dessert. Requests are honored without q

5、uestion or debate so that these times together are filled with love.When someone in the family is having a shaky time in school or at work, everyone gathers to sit around the fireplace and talk. A homemade chocolate milkshake and a bowl of buttered popcorn add the additional familiarity that can bri

6、ng comfort to a troubled day and make the problem easier to solve. Sometimes just watching the flames flicker with family surrounding each other can calm a moment and bring solutions to issues. The tradition of gathering together is the beginning of the answer to the problem.Christmas Eve at our hou

7、se is now filled with growing grandchildren and wonderful in-laws, but the traditions have only grown as new family members are added. For over forty years, Christmas Eve means going to church as a family. There is great comfort in the routine and in having this security blanket to cover us and draw

8、 us even closer together. Since we dont have to worry about how we are going to celebrate, we can just relax and enjoy the evening.Traveling to new vacation spots and sampling different foods are also a part of the tradition our family enjoys. We love the comfortable long-standing traditions, but as

9、 new friends and family enter our circle of life, we delight in trying new adventures and ways of sharing. Some of these ideas we know will even become long-standing traditions. Because traditions are built with love over time, they will continue to bring happiness and make our family bonds even str

10、onger.1 The author believes that family traditions_.（A）represent our initial elevated ideals（B） promote social solidity and balance（C） give us security in the troubled world（D）are inherited form parents and ancestors2 What pinwheel steaks and ice cream cakes have in common is that they_.（A）provide u

11、s with pleasure in special occasions（B） serve as traditional meals in family gatherings（C） are favorite foods used to celebrate birthdays（D）are indispensible to teenagers and the elderly3 That family gatherings are filled with love is shown in that_.（A）growing boys usually crave for meat（B） people h

12、ave different tastes for food（C） affection replaces question and debate（D）everyones demands are well respected4 The tradition of family gatherings_.（A）offers an opportunity to enjoy delicacy（B） helps us find solutions to our problems（C） brings joy, peace and comfort to all of us（D）enhances mutual un

13、derstanding and trust5 It is implied in the text that family traditions _.（A）instruct us to celebrate Christmas Eve（B） encourage us to try various adventures（C） afford comfort and pleasure to everyone（D）enhance the cohesive affinity of a family5 The first time Tom Kiklas saw an electronic cigarette,

14、 he recalls, “I couldnt stand it . I thought, I dont want to be involved in this. Im an anti-smoking kind of guy. “But after Kiklas realized that electronic cigarettes, a. k. a. e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine without tobacco or combustion products, thereby eliminating virtually all of the health haz

15、ards associated with smoking, he was comfortable becoming media relations director for inLife, one of the companies that sell the devices in the United States. Unfortunately, many anti-smoking activists and public health officials are stuck in that first stage of visceral antipathy toward anything t

16、hat resembles cigarettes, an emotional reaction that could prove deadly for smokers. Introduced by the Chinese company Ruyan in 2004, e-cigarettes produce water vapor containing nicotine and the food additive propylene glycol. The tip of the battery-powered “cigarette“ lights up when a user sucks on

17、 it, and the vapor looks like smoke, but it dissipates immediately and contains none of the toxins and carcinogens that are generated when tobacco burns. Given the enormous differences between this vapor and tobacco smoke, the companies that sell e-cigarettes online and from shopping mall kiosks are

18、 on firm ground in advertising them as safer alternatives to conventional cigarettes that can be used in places where smoking is banned. The arguments of e-cigarette opponents, by contrast, reek of red herrings.The critics warn that nicotine is addictive, that it may contribute to cardiovascular pro

19、blems, and that smokers may use e-cigarettes as way of coping with smoking bans, continuing their habits instead of quitting. All of these objections also apply to the nicotine gum, patches, sprays, and inhalers the FDA has approved as safe and effective smoking cessation tools.E-cigarettes are less

20、 expensive than those products and may be more appealing to smokers looking for an experience thats closer to the real thing. Although they have not been subject to the sort of rigorous testing the FDA demands for new drugs, the drug they contain is not new. Its the same one delivered, in a much dir

21、tier manner, by the cigarettes that the government says kill 400,000 Americans every year. “The standard for lower-risk products for use by current smokers,“ argues the American Association of Public Health Physicians, “should be the hazard posed by cigarettes, not a pharmaceutical safety standard.

22、“ Telling smokers they may not use e-cigarettes until theyre approved by the FDA is like telling a floundering swimmer not to climb aboard a raft because it might have a leak.6 It is evident that Tom Kiklas_.（A）used to be an enthusiastic anti-smoking activist（B） accepted the position of a section di

23、rector gladly（C） was convinced of the safety of a. k. a. e-cigarettes（D）couldnt stand any kind of new electronic devices7 The author notes that anti-smoking activists_.（A）are naturally disgusted with any electronic cigarettes（B） act in line with the direction of public health officials（C） disbelieve

24、 in the harmlessness of electronic cigarettes（D）had a stronger emotional reaction than most smokers8 E-cigarettes are advertised as a safe substitute of ordinary cigarettes because they_.（A）contain harmless food additive propylene glycol（B） produce water vapor without harmful substances（C） reduce to

25、xins and carcinogens that are generated（D）create tobacco smoke without addictive chemical9 By saying “The arguments of e-cigarette opponents . reek of red herrings. “, the author means that people who oppose to e-cigarettes_.（A）are not on firm ground in their objections（B） ignore other safe and effe

26、ctive alternatives（C） cant convince smokers of their viewpoints（D）overemphasize the harm caused by nicotine10 The author argues that e-cigarettes（A）may deliver the same drug as ordinary cigarettes（B） may be safer than other alternatives to cigarettes（C） may not be used until theyre approved by the F

27、DA（D）may be used without rigorous testing for new drugs10 The overwhelming support on Capitol Hill for legislation that will dramatically increase the fines for broadcasting “indecent“ programming suggests theres broad agreement that the federal government should get serious about cleaning up TV. Bu

28、t the more closely you examine the justifications for this crackdown, the clearer it becomes that the ban on broadcast indecency either goes too far or does not go far enough. Sen. Sam Brownback says businesses that use “ the nation s public airwaves“ have special obligations. “Broadcast spectrum is

29、 a very valuable and scarce national resource,“ he says. “In return for a license, each broadcaster must not air indecent content between the hours of 6 a. m.and10 p. m. “Broadcast spectrum is a “national resource“ only because the government insisted on nationalizing it. Theres no reason in princip

30、le why the right to transmit at a certain frequency in a certain area could not be treated the same way as the right to graze cattle or build a skyscraper on a particular piece of land. Broadcast licenses already are de facto property, bought and sold along with stations, except that the Federal Com

31、munications Commission occasionally clobbers broadcasters with fines if it does not like what they air. Nor is it clear why using a public resource to send a message should affect the speaker s First Amendment rights, making him subject to government content regulation. Newspapers are delivered via

32、“the public roads“, and Web site information travels on wires across public property(sometimes even through “the public airwaves“), but that doesnt mean forcing journalists and bloggers to be “decent“ is constitutionally permissible. In any case, for the politicians and activists who want to protect

33、 children from the shows their parents let them watch, the “public airwaves“ argument does not go far enough. Nearly nine out of 10 American households get TV via cable or satellite, modes of transmission that are not subject to indecency rules.As Senate Commerce Committee Chairman Ted Stevens has p

34、ointed out, that distinction makes little sense. “Most viewers dont differentiate between over the air and cable,“ he told the National Association of Broadcasters last year, and “cable is a greater violator in the indecency arena. “When it upheld the FCC s content rules back in 1978, the Supreme Co

35、urt said “indecent material presented over the airwaves confronts the citizen . in the privacy of the home“, as if TV were a robber or a rapist. But TV is not a criminal invading our homes; its an invited guest. If we think he might misbehave, its up to us to keep an eye on him.11 It is generally ag

36、reed that broadcasting “indecent“ programming should be_.（A）dealt promptly with（B） closely examined（C） sternly forbidden（D）fairly justified12 The author believes that the ban on broadcast indecency is_.（A）impartial（B） imperative（C） insufficient（D）inappropriate13 The author argues that broadcast spec

37、trum is_.（A）incontrovertibly a national resource（B） not necessarily a national resource（C） equal to a particular piece of land（D）de facto property of a TV company14 It is implied in the text that a pub ic resource（A）may be used to send indecent messages（B） may not be used to send indecent messages（C

38、） should be free from indecency regulations（D）should be used to send permissible messages15 The author suggests that TV content regulation be_.（A）dismantled（B） improved（C） legalized（D）mended15 Science and science funding have enjoyed a good run over the past 20 years or so. During the unusually long

39、 economic boom after the end of the cold war, governments of all political stripes have accepted the argument that it is in their interest to support “the best science“. Something like a global consensus has emerged on the value of curiosity-driven, basic research. The predominant argument behind th

40、is consensus has been the belief that excellent scienceof whatever disciplineis likely to spur innovation, which will in turn foster economic growth. At the same time, direct government sponsorship of technology development has fallen out of vogue. Considerable expenditure continues, of course, and

41、if the military sphere is included, it still dwarfs the resources devoted to basic science. But the idea of explicit state support for the development of drugs or circuit boards or civilian airliners has been pretty well driven off the table. There has been an assumptioneven in comparatively centris

42、t nations such as France and Japanthat governments arent good at “picking winners“.This particular era of science and technology policy may now be drawing to a close. Even before last weeks juddering stock markets sparked talk about a possible U. S. , or even global, recession, policymakers in indus

43、trialized countries were watching the flight of much industrial production to China and India with intensifying alarm. As a result, the word “competitiveness“ is back on the agenda, particularly in the United States.When political leaders look at research budgets in the light of competitiveness, the

44、y are always prone to be more drawn to the direct support of innovation through technology programmes, than to its indirect support, through basic science. Asa result, they may start asking questions that are inherently difficult for scientists to answer, such as, what will be the economic spin-off

45、from this work? What are we getting for our money?These questions are currently being posed most directly in the United Kingdom, where the research councils, which support most university science, seem to be undergoing a subtle change of direction. Some scientist groups are already nervous about a p

46、aper, “Increasing the economic impact of the research councils“, that was published in January by the councils steering group.There is a risk that this process could result in perceived economic relevance displacing scientific merit, to a significant extent, as the determining factor in the selectio

47、n of research-council grants. Before that happens, it would be reassuring if the leaders of the research councils emphatically reiterated that their primary function is to promote scientific excellenceand that they will best support Britains national interests, economic and otherwise, by doing exact

48、ly that.16 Most governments believe that_.（A）the long economic prosperity is in their ultimate interests（B） the end of the cold war led to the rapid economic growth（C） the curiosity-driven, basic scientific research is invaluable（D）the research likely to spur innovation should be supported17 The phr

49、ase “out of vogue“(Line 1, Paragraph 2)most probably means_.（A）obsolete（B） universal（C） unpopular（D）unwanted18 The direct state support to develop technology lessens because_.（A）most resources are devoted to developing basic science（B） it is difficult to choose the technology worth supporting（C） there exist so many technologies needed to be supported（D）the resources available for developing technology are scarce19 The major concern of policy-makers in developed countries has