[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷447及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 447 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 When one of his employees phoned in sick last year, Scott McDonald, CEO of Monument Security in Sacramento, California., decided to investigate. He had

2、already informed his staff of 400 security guards and patrol drivers that he was installing Xora, a software program that tracks workers whereabouts through GPS technology on their company cell phones. A Web-based “geo-fence“ around work territories would alert the boss if workers strayed or even dr

3、ove too fast. It also enabled him to route workers more efficiently. So when McDonald logged on, the program told him exactly where his worker wasand it wasnt in bed with the sniffles. “How come youre eastbound on 80 heading to Reno right now if youre sick?“ asked the boss. There was a long silencet

4、he sound of a job endingfollowed by, “You got me.“Learn that truth, and learn it well: what you do at work is the bosss business. Xora is just one of the new technologies from a host of companies that have sprung up in the past two years peddling products and servicessoftware, GPS, video and phone s

5、urveillance, even investigatorsthat let managers get to know you really well.“Virtually nothing you do at work on a computer cant be monitored,“ says Jeremy Gruber, legal director of the National Workrights Institute, which advocates workplace privacy. Nine out of 10 employers observe your electroni

6、c behavior, according to the Center for Business Ethics at Bentley College. A study by the American Management Association and the ePolicy Institute found 76% of employers watch you surf the Web and 36% track content, keystrokes and time spent at the keyboard.You cant really blame companies for watc

7、hing our Web habits, since 45% of us admit that surfing is our favorite time waster, according to a joint survey by S and AOL. A Northeast technology company found that several employees who frequently complained of overwork spent all day on MyS-.Businesses argue that their snooping is justified. No

8、t only are they trying to guard trade secrets and intellectual property, but they also must ensure that workers comply with government regulations, such as keeping medical records and credit-card numbers private. And companies are liable for allowing a hostile work environmentsay, one filled with po

9、m-filled computer screensthat may lead to lawsuits. “People write very loosely with their e-mails, but they can unintentionally reach thousands, like posters throughout a work site,“ says Charles Spearman of diversity-management consultants Tucker Spearman the elites humbly confess their ignorance t

10、o Congress or a grand jury, and the search for new patterns begins.Tellingly, scholars date the modem scientific study of wisdom to the work of the American psychologist Vivian Clayton in the malaise-ridden 1970s. Clayton devised the first empirical tests for wisdom, which she defined as the ability

11、 to acquire knowledge and analyze it both logically and emotionally-picking up on the work begun by Socrates.So its no coincidence that several dozen researchers in fields ranging from neuroscience to art, music and law have just received wisdom-seeking grants under the auspices of the University of

12、 Chicago. The $2.7 million program, funded by the Templeton Foundation, is called Defining Wisdom, a name that implies the researchers will know what they were looking for once they find it. Wisdom, according to Robert J. Sternberg of Tufts University, the author of several books on the topic, is st

13、ill an obscure field with minimal academic cachet.With so much at stake, the programs directors, psychologists John Cacioppo and Howard Nusbaum, dismissed the traditional approach to wisdom research; rather they cast their nets wide and deep into the pools of academy. The 38 proposals they approved

14、include ones aimed at finding wisdom in computer operations and in classical literature. Starting at the beginning, one scholar observes that “language is the medium by which wisdom-related knowledge is usually conveyed.“ That sounds self-evident, but another scientist proposes to “explore music as

15、a form of wisdom.“ “We are trying to think out of the box,“ says Nusbaum.Cacioppo and Nusbaum dismiss arguments about the inherent circularity of searching for wisdom at the same time as defining it. But they have some preconceptions about what they expect to find. They see “wisdom“ in part as a cor

16、rective to the “rational choice“ pattern of decision making, the foundation of free-market economics. Rational choice holds that everyones happiness is best served when people maximize their short-term individual gains, even at the expense of the broad interests of society or the long-term future. T

17、hat is precisely opposite the approach of, for example, ants, which are entirely indifferent to their individual fates and dont, as a rule, over-expand out of reckless greed.11 #NAME?（A）The quest for wisdom is an old-fashioned economic indicator.（B） When things proceed smoothly, people dont need to

18、go searching for wisdom.（C） Billionaires listed on the Forbes are demonstrating the profits of free market.（D）In the long run, all the wealthiest individuals will confess their ignorance. 12 Which of the following is true of Vivian Clayton?（A）Scholars considered her work as the start of modern scien

19、tific study of wisdom.（B） She was one of the greatest American psychologists born in the 1970s.（C） She designed empirical tests for wisdom without defining its concept.（D）She achieved more in the work of questing for wisdom than Socrates. 13 Robert J. Sternberg of Tufts University suggests that（A）de

20、fining wisdom requires joint efforts of different fields.（B） research on wisdom still lacks academic achievements.（C） wisdom can only be explained with interdisciplinary supports.（D）researchers have to rely on grants for scientific study.14 The sentence “We are trying to think out of the box“(lines

21、6-7, Paragraph 4)suggests that（A）they will try to find wisdom out of the box.（B） they will probe deep into the pools of academy.（C） they will break away from the conventions.（D）they will pursue their traditional approach.15 According to the text, “rational choice“ holds that（A）decision making is not

22、 linked with wisdom in a sense.（B） happiness relies on short-term individual gains.（C） individual happiness harms the broad interests of society.（D）individual fates change with reckless greed.15 Apart from a new football stadium and some smart university buildings, most of Middlesbrough looks as tho

23、ugh it came to a dead halt in the 1980s. It boomed on steel and chemicals after iron ore was discovered in 1850. Just over a century later, as Britains traditional industries failed, it seemed to have reached the end of the road. Now government leaders hope that splendor and glamour can revive it.Th

24、e most startling sign of this improbable ambition is an expensive art gallery. The 19.2 million Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art(MIMA)houses the local councils collection of modern British paintings and ceramics. It opens on January 28th with works on loan for the occasion by artists rarely see

25、n in the regionPicasso, Matisse, Jackson Pollockalongside pictures by contemporary names such as Chris Ofili and Damien Hirst.The glass-fronted modernist gallery, by Dutch architect Erick van Egeraat, sits on once-ruined land opposite the Victorian town hall and 1960s council buildings. The landscap

26、ed space in between has become a vast new square. “Middlesbrough lost its heart years ago,“ says Ray Mallon, the towns frank elected mayor. “Now we have created a new heart.“Locals are dubious. It looks nice, but they cant see many people going to it; those who want culture go to Newcastle. Mr. Mall

27、on is not worried by such comments. He says MIMA will lure some of the 7 million people who live within an hour and a halfs drive from the town, and persuade them to spend money there. With 5% of the towns 137,600 residents claiming unemploymenttwice the national averageand business registrations at

28、 half the national rate, outside money is needed.Using art for regeneration is a well-tried process, especially in northern England. Liverpools Tate North gallery and Salfords Lowry Centre succeed because they are part of bigger attractions and in big cities. But Gatesheads Baltic Mills art gallery

29、and Sunderlands National Glass Centre have struggled to draw visitors, and both have needed extra subsidies. Godfrey Worsdale, MIMAs director, reckons he will achieve his aim of 110,000 visitors a year. Galleries that run into trouble, he says, tend to have single themes with niche appeal Still, sin

30、ce 96% of MIMAs cost has come from public funds and as two-thirds of the 1 million running cost will fall on local taxpayers, the council is taking a risk. “It is not going to be profitable,“ says Mr. Mallon bravely. “What it can do is make the town profitable.“16 According to the first two paragrap

31、hs, the “improbable ambition“(Line 1, Paragraph 2)is（A）to make Middlesbrough boom on steel and chemicals again.（B） to revive the traditional industries in Middlesbrough.（C） to revive Middlesbrough with glitz and glamour.（D）to build an expensive gallery in Middlesbrough.17 By saying “Middlesbrough lo

32、st its heart years ago“(Line 3, Paragraph 3), Ray Mallon implies that the town has lost（A）its confidence a long time ago.（B） its attraction a long time ago.（C） an important organ long ago.（D）its way a long time ago.18 Money from outside the town is quite needed because（A）few people will pay a visit

33、to Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art.（B） the local unemployment rate is high and business registration rate is low.（C） many people will choose to go to Newcastle to experience culture.（D）the town suffers the high unemployment ratetwice the national average.19 Gatesheads Baltic Mills art gallery

34、and Sunderlands National Glass Centre are cited as examples to show that（A）they are confronted with difficulties in appealing to the visitors.（B） using art for regeneration ensures the success.（C） they are not part of bigger attractions or in big cities.（D）using art for regeneration sometimes also t

35、akes a risk.20 It is suggested in the last paragraph that the goal of MIMA is（A）to make big profits.（B） to have single themes with big appeal.（C） to bring profits to the whole town.（D）to draw as many as 110,000 visitors a year.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 447 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. An

36、swer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)【知识模块】 阅读1 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 因果细节题。根据人名可定位到第一段。根据段末 Scott 所说的话可知有一名员工向 Scott 请病假，但 Scott 发现他她并没有卧床林息，而是正开车去雷诺。段末的 a job ending 对应题干中的 fired，因此可知被开除的缘由是该员工的欺骗行为，故选 D。【知识模块】 阅读2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据第一段第二句话“该软件程序能利用公司所配发手机上的全球卫星定位系

37、统(GPS)技术掌握员工的行踪 ”和第二段第二句话中的“Xora 仅仅是众多监控技术中的一种”可得知 Xora 是一项监控行踪的技术，因此C 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据 American Management Association 定位到第三段，会发现作者提及这项研究的目的是为了支持 Jeremy Gruber 对于工作隐私(workplace privacy)的论点，C 项出现 a threat toprivacy protection，与此对应。【知识模块】 阅读4 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 词义理解题。根据文章主题以及文中的 inv

38、estigate，track，route和 monitor 等词可猜出 snoop 的意义应与这些词相近，因此最有可能的意思应是B 项的 inquire“询问，打听 ”。【知识模块】 阅读5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句话“企业坚称窥探员工是合理的”可知 B 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读6 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题，考查文章的引入手法。首段主要描述了郭瓦纳斯运河的污染现象并追述了原因，段落末尾回到污染现状，故 C 项“描述现象”正确。【知识模块】 阅读7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 语义理解题。第二段开头就提到了“臭气”让人难以

39、忍受，后提到仍有人在河上泛舟，故可推测这些人不太介意这股臭气，故选 B。【知识模块】 阅读8 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 推理判断题。第四段段末 It was a hard crowd to move 意为“难以撼动这一群人的决心”。可推断出民众对此项目非常支持，D 项与之相符。【知识模块】 阅读9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题，考查观点态度推断。根据 present New York mayor定位到第四、五段。A 项是第五段第一句话意思的概括。【知识模块】 阅读10 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据 Gowanus Yacht Club 定位到最后一段，从全文最

40、后一句可以推断出当地居民对运河治理的态度。与 B 项所述 yearning for cleanup“渴望整治 ”相符。该旬中的 they 是指 residents。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。定位到第一段。本段第二句提到“当一切进展顺利时，你不必去追求智慧”，B 项意思与之吻合。【知识模块】 阅读12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 事实细节题。根据人名直接定位到第二段。文中谈到对智慧的现代科学研究可以追溯到维维安克莱顿在 20 世纪 70 年代的研究。因此 A 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题

41、。根据人名定位到第三段。关键是对段末 an obscure field with minimal academic cachet 的理解，意为“ 一个含糊不清、没有多少学术成果的研究领域”。因此 B 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读14 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 语义理解题。定位到第四段。根据本段首句的 dismissed the traditional approach，cast their net 可知研究人员正尝试抛弃传统的研究方法。因此 C 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 事实细节题。定位到最后一段。文中提到在理性选择下，一个人最幸福的状态是其个

42、人短期利益得到最大化的时候。因此 B 项为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读【知识模块】 阅读16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 事实细节题。第二段段首说，this improbable ambition，this 指代的应当是在前一句，即首段最后一句，C 项中的 glitz 与文中的 splendor 意思相同，故 C 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读17 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 语义理解题。第三段末句说我们已经给她新造了一个心脏且下文指出当地人并不认为通过艺术馆来吸引游客的做法是正确的。因此可推断多年前失去“心脏”是指失去了吸引力，故 B 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读18 【正确答案】 B【试题解

43、析】 事实细节题。考查因果细节。根据 money is needed 定位至第四段。最后一句说到，由于该市失业率是全国平均水平的两倍，但公司注册率只有全国的一半，所以需要外部的钱，可推知 B 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读19 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 事实细节题，考查例证细节。根据题干定位至末段。末段开头举出了两个通过艺术使城市成功获得再生的例子来说明此举是一个 well-tried process，随后在介绍 Gatesheads Baltic Mills art gallery 和 Sunderlands National Glass Centre 时使用了 But 表转折，说它们需要补贴才能生存，所以选 D 项。【知识模块】 阅读20 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 推理判断题。最后一段中，市长说到，艺术馆赚不了钱，但是它能让这个城市挣钱，C 项为城市谋利意思相近，为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读