[考研类试卷]考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷491及答案与解析.doc

1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 491 及答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)0 During the past two decades astonishing progress has been made in fighting infectious diseases in poor countries. Polio has almost been eradicated; mala

2、ria is being tamed; AIDS is slowly being brought under control. Yet almost unnoticed, another epidemic is raging across the developing world, this one man-made.Road crashes now kill 1.3 m people a year, more than malaria or tuberculosis. On present trends, by 2030 they will take a greater toll than

3、the two together, and greater even than AIDS. The vast majority of victims die in poor and middle-income countries1.2m in 2011, compared with 99, 000 in rich ones. For every 100,000 cars in the rich world, fewer than 15 people die each year. In Ethiopia the figure is 250 times higher.It is tempting

4、to see the kill as the price of development. Building roads is a highly effective way of boosting growth: the World Bank finds many projects to fund that do better than its minimum acceptable economic rate of return of 12%. In the rich world road deaths and growth went hand-in-hand for decades: the

5、first death-by-car was in 1896 and the peak came in the 1970s.However, since then, restraints on driver? and investment in safety have slashed road deaths in the rich world by more than half. New Yorks roads are now at their safest since records began in 1910. Sweden is still some way from its state

6、d goal of ending road deaths altogether, but in 2013 just one Swedish child under seven died in a crash. Technology such as alcolocks, which prevent drunk-driving, and self-driving cars will make roads in the rich world safer still.Governments in poor countries tend to assume that they, too, must se

7、e deaths soar before they are rich enough to think about saving lives. Aid donors and development banks may conclude that a dangerous road is better than no road at all. But the experience of rich countries has shown that roads can be made safer cheaply and simply. And far from being an unaffordable

8、 luxury, safe roads make better economic sense than dangerous ones. Most crash victims are boys and working-age men. Their death or disability leaves families in poverty and deprives countries of their most economically valuable citizens. In medical bills, care, lost output and vehicle damage, the k

9、ill costs desperately poor countries as much as 10% of GDP.1 The underlined word “epidemic“ (Para. 1, Line 3) may be closest to _.（A）polio（B） malaria（C） disease（D）death2 Polio and malaria are mentioned in the text to _.（A）show the remarkable progress in medical treatment（B） indicate the tremendous a

10、dvance in fighting disease（C） introduce the topic of road death problem（D）demonstrate the danger of infectious diseases3 All the following can reduce road deaths EXCEPT _.（A）new technology（B） investment in safety（C） restrictions on drivers（D）building of new roads4 We can conclude from the last parag

11、raph that _.（A）most victims of car accidents are adolescents（B） building roads is unaffordable in poor countries（C） road crashes cost most countries much of their GDP（D）if roads are safer in poor countries, economy may be better5 The best title for the text may be _.（A）Road Crashes: Hard to Prevent（

12、B） Road: Bringing Growth or Death（C） The Unnoticed Infectious Disease（D）The Most Serious Problem in Poor Countries5 With its sandy beaches, picturesque ruins and blue waters, the Isle of Wight is an idyllic spot off Englands southern coast. Wealthy Londoners sail their boats there. It seems odd that

13、 such a place should contain some of the worst-performing schools in England. But it does; and in this, the Isle of Wight is not quite as strange as it seems.Provisional figures show that in 2013 just 49% of 16-year-olds on the island got at least five C grades, including in English and maths, in GC

14、SE exams. That is fewer than in any of Londons 32 boroughs, or indeed anywhere in the southern half of England apart from nearby Portsmouth. In the previous year the Isle of Wight was second to bottom in the whole country. Just 23% of pupils entitled to free school meals got five decent grades, comp

15、ared with a national average of 36%. In September the islands schools were deemed so bad that Hampshire County Council took them over.Part of the explanation is distinctively local. Luring good teachers to an out-of-the-way spot is hard. In 2011 the island endured a muddled transition from the sort

16、of three-tier school system common in America, with primary, middle and secondary schools, to the two-tier one that is standard in England. But its results were bad even before that change.The Isle of Wights real problems are structural. It suffers from three things that might appear to be advantage

17、s but are actually the opposite. The island lacks a large city; it has some, but not many, poor children; and it is almost entirely white.But these days pupils, including poor ones, often fare better in inner cities than elsewhere. In Tower Hamlets, an east London borough that is the third most depr

18、ived place in England, children entitled to free school meals do better in GCSE exams than do all children in the country as a whole. Bangladeshis, who are concentrated in that borough, used to perform considerably worse than whites nationally; now they do better.6 The beaches, ruins and waters are

19、mentioned to _.（A）reveal rich Londoners life（B） present typical English lifestyle（C） introduce the topic of bad schools（D）show a tourist attraction in England7 According to Paragraph 2, which one is true about the Isle of Wight?（A）Less than a quarter of its students enjoy free school meals.（B） The r

20、ank of students performance on the island is at the bottom.（C） Half of its students do well in English, maths and GCSE exams.（D）There are fewer students getting at least five C grades in other areas.8 We know from the third paragraph that _.（A）good teachers are unwilling to teach in remote areas（B）

21、the reform of the school system on the island seems effective（C） American school system is definitely superior to that of England（D）there is barely difference between American and English school systems9 The real problems of the Isle of Wight include all EXCEPT _.（A）shortage of metropolis（B） existen

22、ce of needy pupils（C） uniformity of skin colour（D）lack of experienced teachers10 What can be learned from the last paragraph?（A）Students in inner cities do better than other places in Europe.（B） Bangladeshis performed worse and made little progress.（C） Currently, poor students often do better in sch

23、ool performance.（D）Tower Hamlets is an area which is full of educational resources.10 Every two weeks a language disappears. By 2100 nearly half of the 6,000 spoken today may be gone. Migration, either between countries or from the countryside to cities, is one reason; though new arrivals generally

24、stick with their mother tongue, at least at home, their children rarely do. The dominance of English is another. But one tongue against the trend is Romani, spoken by 4m of the roughly 11m Roma people worldwide. Its health attests to the importance of language in shaping identity.Unlike most languag

25、es, Romani has no country to call home. Its roots lie in India, but since the 10th century its speakers have scattered and kept moving. One result is that they are everywhere a linguistic minority. Another is that 150 different dialects are in use. “Anglo-Romani“, spoken in Britain, differs widely f

26、rom dialects in France, Bulgaria and Latvia. One Roma man in New Zealand speaks a dialect previously only heard in Wales.The 290,000 native Swedish speakers in Finland show no signs of dropping their languagebut it is their countrys second official one, compulsory in all schools and spoken by 9. 5m

27、Swedes next door. Irish hangs on partly because of government spending on translating road signs and documents, broadcasting, teaching and extra marks for brave students who use the tongue in their final school exams.But without a government to champion it, Romani is used mostly in the home. Academi

28、cs and linguists have written it down and tried to standardise it, but many of those who speak it do not read it. America printed a Romani guide to its 2000 census form, but that is a rarity; it almost never features in official documents.The lack of texts complicates attempts to teach it formally.

29、Roma Kulturklass, a Swedish Romani-language school, is one of a handful in the world. Its 35 pupils study everything except Swedish and English in both Romani and Swedish. But with few textbooks, says Angelina Dimiter Taikon, the head teacher, staff must make do with their own translations.11 We lea

30、rn from the first paragraph that _.（A）children nowadays seldom speak mother tongue at home（B） people all over the world will speak just 3 000 languages by 2100（C） Romani may never disappear in the near future（D）migration can to some degree make English more popular12 Which one is true about Romani?（

31、A）Its speakers spread all over the world.（B） It is spoken by a large group of people.（C） It has 150 dialects, most of which have died down.（D）It is widely spoken in Britain and some other countries.13 Romani is usually used at home because _.（A）people do not use dialects in public（B） it needs suppor

32、t from the government（C） it never appears in official documents（D）people can only speak it but not read it14 Romani is hard to teach because _.（A）few people have mastered it（B） few people are willing to learn it（C） the written language is insufficient（D）the language is extremely complicated15 The be

33、st title for the text may be _.（A）Romani: Struggling to Survive（B） The History and Future of Romani（C） Romani: A Language Dying Down（D）Disappearance of Minority Languages15 Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States to warrant appropriate remedial action. It w

34、as 50 years ago this month that Americas surgeon-general sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturingand of smoking itselfas a respectable activity. Some 20m Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions, smoking bans and stigma have

35、 had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18%; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar.The current surgeon-general, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring

36、smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised “end-game strategies“ to stamp out cigarettes altogether.Were that to happen Americas three big tobacco firms, Altria, Reynolds and Lorillard, could be s

37、nuffed out, too. Public health officials plot the same fate for multinationals that supply other markets. The hit list includes Philip Morris International (PMI), which along with Altria makes Marlboro, the top-selling global brand; Japan Tobacco; and British American Tobacco and Imperial Tobacco of

38、 Britain.They are a hardy group, unlikely to be frightened. But the methods they have used to withstand a half-century of battering by regulators may be losing power. In the rich world, where the economy is stagnant, smokers are trading down to cheaper puffs. The regulatory climate in developing cou

39、ntries is becoming more hostile. New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. Big tobacco firms may master them, but it would be a radical shift, similar to converting the car industry from internal-combustion engines to battery power. David Adelman of Morgan Stanl

40、ey, an investment bank, does not “see anything thats reversing the conventional tobacco business model.“ But the model needs adjustment.Some reasons for Mr. Adelmans confidence are sound. Advertising bans and the industrys status prevent would-be competitors. When cigarette-makers raise prices, smok

41、ers cough up. Global consumption keeps rising, thanks largely to population growth in poorer countries. The cigarette giants indulge investors with big dividends and share buy-backs; they have flocked to tobacco share.16 According to Paragraph 1, it can be learned that _.（A）proper medical treatment

42、can help decrease the hazard of smoking（B） the action of smoking was considered a respectable activity 50 years ago（C） the effect of restrictions on smoking can be considered remarkable（D）Smoking rates among grown-ups and adolescents have not dropped obviously17 Boris claimed that smoking _.（A）has l

43、ed to many fatal diseases（B） will be completely prohibited soon（C） usually results in diabetes and other ills（D）may be ended in the following half-century18 The underlined phrase “snuffed out“ (Para. 3, Line 2) means _.（A）called out（B） wiped out（C） found out（D）fallen out19 New technologies like e-ci

44、garettes _.（A）will produce no harmful chemicals（B） will be widely accepted in the near future（C） may be much more expensive than cigarettes（D）may not easily substitute conventional tobacco20 When the price of cigarette goes up, smokers may _.（A）have a cough（B） stop buying it（C） be reluctant to buy i

45、t（D）quit smoking at once考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 491 答案与解析Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 文章中的 another epidemic 表示“另一种_”，既然提到“另一种”，上文必然还提到类似的信息，由此我们可以推断上文的polio，malaria，AIDS 都可以等同于 epidemic，而选项 A 和 B 我们都可

46、以选，因此可以确定这些词还不能完全与 epidemic 相等。我们再往前可以看到这么一句：.fighting infectious diseases in poor countries，而 polio，malaria ，AIDS 就是上文提到的 infectious diseases 的具体例子，故可以推断出 epidemic=infectious disease，即选项 C 是最佳的答案。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 往往在第一段中的引用都是为了推出全文主旨，该文的主题主旨(从第二段开始到结束) 显然是在讲 road death，road crash，而不是讲真正的传染病。因此选项 A、

47、B、D 予以排除，选项 C 为正确答案。3 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据题干中的“road deaths”定位到第四段。该段首句指出：However, since then, restraints on drivers and investment in safety have slashed road deaths in the rich world by more than half. 其中，“slashed road deaths“=“reduce road deaths”。由此可见 restraints on drivers，investment in safety 为其中两个答

48、案，即选项 B 和 C 都是减少 road deaths 的因素。根据该段最后一句：Technology such as alcolocks, which prevent drunk-driving, and self-driving cars will make roads in the rich world safer still. 由此得知 technology 也是一个因素，即 A 选项也是因素之一，所以四个选项中原文未提及的是选项 D，该项为答案。4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 选项 A 意为：车祸的大多数受害者都是青少年。原文最后一段倒数第三句指出：Most crash vict

49、ims are boys and working-age men(大多数车祸遇难者都是男孩和参加工作的男性。)其中“adolescents”和“boys and working-age men”并不完全一致，“working-age men”不一定是青少年，故该项表述不够准确。选项B 对应第三句和第四句：But the experience of rich countries has shown that roads can be made safer cheaply and simply. And far from being an unaffordable luxury 其中， “roads can be made safer cheaply and simply”和“far from being an unaffordable luxury(绝对不是难以承担的奢侈品 )”都表明该项是错误的。根据选项C 的 GDP 一词可以定位到最后一句：In medical bills, care, lost output and vehicle damage,