[考研类试卷]英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编21及答案与解析.doc

1、英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 21 及答案与解析一、翻译1 知者不惑，仁者不忧，勇者不惧。2 人民币对美元已经升值 15，而且最近升值越来越大，这顺应了市场供求的变化。3 将下列段落译成英语(首都师范大学 2010 研，考试科目：英语翻译基础)书是我青春期的恋人，中年的知己，暮年的伴侣。有了它，我就不再愁寂寞，不再怕人情冷暖，世态炎凉。它使我成为精神世界的富翁。我真的是“不可一日无此君” 。当我忙完了，累极了；当我愤怒时，苦恼时，我就想亲近它，因为这是一种绝妙的安抚。4 杭州是中国著名的六大古都之一，已有二千多年的历史。这个城市不仅以自然美闻名于世，而且有着传统的文化魅力。不仅有历

2、代文人墨客的题咏，而且有美味佳肴和漂亮的工艺品。一般来说，游览杭州西湖及其周围景点花上两天时间较为合适。到杭州旅游，既令人愉快，又能得到文化享受。5 Translate the following extract into English(北京林业大学 2005 研，考试科目：翻译和写作)失业，尤其是主动选择失业，其实是一种勇气，更是一种资格。张辰两年前研究生毕业，凭借实力和机遇，在经过无数轮的竞争后，进入了一家世界排名 500 强的国际公司。一年内，张辰从一名普通职员做到了项目经理，工资翻了几番。不过最近他向家人宣布：“我又升职了，但是打算圣诞节后辞职。” 这让张辰的家人大吃一惊，“ 没有什

3、么不顺心的，只是觉得工作不会再带给我满足感了。”截至 2005 年三季度，全国劳动力市场供求状况显示，我国 15 岁至 29 岁的青年总体失业率达到了 9，远远高于 45的城镇平均登记失业率。而在此之中，类似张辰这样，选择主动失业的占到了一半以上。“主动放弃就业机会的原因有很多，但这些人都有一个共性，就是不会因为经济原因饿死，至少在短时间内不会。”复旦大学教授葛剑雄认为，社会发展到现在，一些青年人的确具备了可以失业的条件。他们不用像上班族那样刻板地工作，可是相比之下他们的生活却格外“富足” 。6 Translate the following passage from Chinese into

4、 English.我们生活在信息的海洋里。信息淹没了我们，向我们进攻并将我们击垮。它无处不在，无时不在。然而问题是：它对我们有什么影响?我们都知道信息革命的益处，但它有什么坏处? 这种向我们狂轰滥炸的东西是否会影响我们的人性?我们饱受信息的狂轰滥炸，但却不知有多少可以被接收。我们生活在一个忙碌不安的时代，连汽车也不耐烦。我们四处奔走，干什么都没时间。然而，什么时候最深沉、最有意义、最触动灵魂呢?那通常是在信息量很低、环境非常幽静的地方。随着这地方逐渐从我们的生活中消失，我们是要付出代价的。信息到处弥漫着，我们足不出户，甚至不用起床，便可知晓天下事。那么图书馆还有什么用处呢? 图书馆是个储藏和传

5、播智慧、交流思想、酝酿创造力的地方。但现在的情形是，许多人正被动地漫游在未加筛选的信息海洋中，逐渐失去判断好坏的能力。长此以往，我们将来能否还会拥有一个延续的文明不得而知。这就提出了一个问题：知识和信息到底有什么区别?显然，知识是经过既能推理又可记忆的人脑加工和丰富了的信息，而信息只是稍加处理的数据。而人们根本的冲动是把其益处用于消费社会去赚钱。信息本身没有坏处，它是美好的东西。我们必须意识到要把信息转化为知识。如果不进行转化，信息则毫无价值。7 Translate the following two passages into English (中国地质大学 2006 研，考试科目：综合英语

6、)高级商务人士的生活什么样?中视市场研究进行的中国高级商务人士调查首度揭开这个群体的神秘面纱。调查用数字揭示出他们在公司商业决策、公司购买决策、个人奢侈品消费、家庭消费形态等方面的特点。本次调查涉及的商务人士样本抽样自北京、上海、广州、深圳各行业的数万家企业。调查发现，四大城市副总以上高层管理者、财务、销售、IT 主管等高级商务人士超过 34 万人，外资企业高级管理人士超过 42 万人。除中文外，英语是这些高级商务人士在工作场所使用最多的语言。口语使用英语占 14，书面使用英语占 14。9794的高级经理持中国内地护照，余下商务人士持香港、台湾护照最多。高级商务人士平均有 195 万元的年度预

7、算权，平均每天工作近 10 小时。他们注重参加体育活动，游泳、登山、跑步是经常参加的体育活动。8 IBM 是世界上最大的计算机公司，一直雄踞世界 500 强前列。IBM 的创始人托马斯出生在纽约州北部一个普通的农民家庭。当时的家庭经济条件不富裕，但是品德教育严格。托马斯的父亲要求他的孩子一定要尊重所有人，穿着整洁，坦率正直，努力做好每一件事，始终保持一种乐观积极的生活态度。此外，最重要的一点是：忠诚。托马斯始终一丝不苟地恪守着这些信条，他还把这些职业准则写出来，作为公司的基石来要求每一个工作人员。今天，IBM 已经是世界上最大的信息工业跨国公司。正是这些信条成就了他的一生，成就了 IBM，成就

8、了 IBM 许多员工的非凡人生。9 Translating the following into English(北京航空航天大学 2013 研，考试科目：综合英语)首先是各种物质运动形式中的矛盾，都带特殊性.人的认识物质，就是认识物质的运动形式，因为除了运动的物质以外，世界上什么也没有，而物质的运动则必取一定的形式。对于物质的每一种运动形式，必须注意它和其他各种运动形式的共同点。但是，尤其重要的，成为我们认识事物的基础的东西，则是必须注意它的特殊点，就是说，注意它和其他运动形式的质的区别。只有注意了这一点，才有可能区别事物。任何运动形式，其内部都包含着本身特殊的矛盾。这种特殊的矛盾，就构成一

9、事物区别于他事物的特殊的本质。这就是世界上诸种事物所以有千差万别的内在的原因，或者叫做根据。10 Translate the following into English(北京航空航天大学 2012 研，考试科目：综合英语)有些批评家说，中国的文大学士，尤其是诗人，都带着很浓厚的颓废色彩，所以中国的诗文里，颂赞秋的文字特别的多。但外国的诗人，又何尝不然?我虽则外国诗文念得不多，也不想开出账来，做一篇秋的诗歌散文抄，但你若去一翻英德法意等诗人的集子，或各国的诗文的文选来，总能够看到许多关于秋的歌颂与悲啼。各著名的大诗人的长篇田园诗或四季诗里，也总以关于秋的部分，写得最出色而最有味。足见有感觉的动

10、物，有情趣的人类，对于秋，总是一样的能特别引起深沉，幽远，严厉，萧索的感触来的。不单是诗人，就是被关闭在牢狱里的囚犯，到了秋天，我想也一定会感到一种不能自已的深情；秋之于人，何尝有国别，更何尝有人种阶级的区别呢? 不过在中国，文字里有一个 “秋士”的成语，读本里又有着很普遍的欧阳子的秋声赋与苏东坡的赤壁赋等，就觉得中国的文人，与秋的关系特别深了。可是这秋的深味，尤其是中国的秋的深味，非要在北方，才感受得到底。11 Translate the following into English(北京航空航天大学 2011 研，考试科目：综合英语)美国全国教育协会正在努力推动把教师的底薪升至四万美元。为

11、什么不呢?这些教师们能够教会六岁的孩子作加法，能够使青少年学会代数，我们当然应该也能够好好地算一算，给教师一份对得起他们的工资。既然从受过良好教育的人中获得好处的是企业界，他们也是最富有的，那么就应该成立一个全国人才基金会，把企业盈利的税收款用来提高教师的薪酬。或许各州和社区也应该在自己的规章制度中添加这样一个条款：各州议员薪酬的上调比例不得高于教师薪酬的上调比例。近年来，如果说教师的工资有所增长的话，其增长速度也远远低于其他职业的速度，而且通常远远落后于通货膨胀的速度。而且，教师们应该拥有这个国家最为强大的支持者：不是教师联合会，而是我们，也就是他们曾经的学生。我们能够成为一名作家，正是得益

12、于老师们的鼓励。当然，大多数的美国人也应该有同样的感受，正是这样的一群教师，帮助他们超越了自己。12 Translate the following paragraphs into English(北京交通大学 2006 研，考试科目：英语专业综合考试)我们的现代化建设，必须从中国的实际出发。无论是革命还是建设，都要注意学习和借鉴国外经验。但是，照抄照搬别国经验、别国模式，从来不能得到成功。这方面我们有过教训。把马克思主义的普遍真理同我们的具体实际结合起来，走自己的道路，建设有中国特色的社会主义，这就是我们总结长期历史经验得出的基本结论。中国的事情要按中国的情况来办，要依靠中国人自己的力量来办

13、。独立自主，自力更生，无论过去、现在和将来，都是我们的立足点。中国人民珍惜同其他国家和人民的友谊和合作，更加珍惜自己经过长期奋斗而得来的自主权利。任何外国不要指望中国做他们的附庸，不要指望中国会吞下损害我国利益的苦果。我们坚定不移地实行对外开放政策，在平等互利的基础上积极扩大对外交流。13 咫尺之隔，竟成海天之遥。南京匆匆一晤，瞬逾三十六载。幼时同袍，苏京把晤，往事历历在目。惟从常年未通音问，此诚憾事。近闻政躬违和，深为悬念。人过七旬，多有病痛，至盼善自珍摄。三年以来，我党一再倡议贵我两党举行谈判，同捐前嫌，共竟祖国统一大业。惟弟一再声言“不接触，不谈判，不妥协” ，余期期以为不可。世交深情，

14、于公于私，理当进言，敬希诠察。14 Translate the following paragraph into EnglishWrite your translation on the Answer Sheet(北京第二外国语学院 2013 研，考试科目：基础英语 )19 世纪中叶，西方列强用炮舰打开中国封闭的门户，内忧外患导致中国逐步成为半殖民地半封建社会，国家积贫积弱、战乱不已，民不聊生。在民族存亡的危急关头，无数仁人志士前仆后继，苦苦追寻变革救亡之路。1911 年的辛亥革命，结束了统治中国几千年的君主专制制度，激励中国人民为争取民族独立和国家富强而斗争。然而，这些探索和斗争都未能改变中

15、国半殖民地半封建的社会性质和中国人民的悲惨命运。中国共产党肩负民族的期望，带领中国人民进行了艰苦卓绝的奋斗，于 1949 年建立了中华人民共和国，实现了民族独立、人民解放，开创了中国历史新纪元。15 Translate the following paragraph into EnglishWrite your translation on the Answer Sheet(北京第二外国语学院 2012 研，考试科目：基础英语 )中欧双方文化交流源远流长。早在公元前数世纪，古老的“丝绸之路” 就连接起长安和罗马，开启了中欧文明对话的先河。威尼斯商人马可波罗游历中国大地后的游记，为西方世界揭开了

16、东方国度的神秘面纱。传教士利玛窦带来了大量欧洲的先进科学知识，拉开了“ 西学东渐 ”的序幕。中国的“四大发明”和“ 经籍西传”曾为欧洲近代社会文化的发展演变带来了深远的影响。近代西方“民主” 与“科学”思想传入中国，成为中国知识分子追求国家强盛和民族复兴的一面旗帜。中外文化发展和交流的历史证明，一切优秀的文明成果是人类长期生产实践经验和智慧的结晶，是人类文明进步的象征，是全人类的共同财富。16 Translate the following passage into EnglishWrite your translation on the Answer Sheet(北京第二外国语学院 2011

17、 研，考试科目：基础英语)在我们家里，母亲是至高无上的守护神。日常生活全是母亲料理。三餐饭菜，四季衣裳，孩子的教养，亲友的联系，需要多少精力!我自幼多病，常在和病魔作斗争。能够不断战胜疾病的主要原因是我的母亲。如果没有母亲，很难想象我会活下来。十几岁的时候，身体太差，只得休学在家。当时的治法是一天吃五个鸡蛋，晒半小时太阳。母亲特地把我的床安排在有阳光的地方，不论多忙，这半小时必在我身边，一分钟不能少。我曾由于各种原因多次发高烧，除延医服药外，母亲费尽精神护理。用小匙喂水，用凉手巾覆在额上。有一次高烧神志不清，觉得像是在一个狭窄的洞中穿行，挤不过去，我以为自己就要死了，一抓到母亲的手，立刻知道我

18、是在家里，我是平安的。后来我经历了名目繁多的手术。在手术过程中，也是母亲，一次又一次陪我奔走医院，医院的人以为是我陪母亲，其实是母亲陪我。我过了40 岁，还是觉得睡在母亲身边最心安。17 Translate the following passage into EnglishWrite your translation on the Answer Sheet在中国，笔、墨、纸、砚(ink slab)，就是人们所说的“文房(the study)四宝”，在中华文明的传承中起了重要作用。作为文化艺术工具，以其独特性能催生了汉字特有的书法艺术，也促使中国画形成了独特的风格。文房四宝不仅有实用价值，它们

19、本身也是供人观赏的艺术品，并逐步成为收藏品。文房四宝品类繁多，丰富多彩，选材制作不断趋于完善、精美，历代都有名品、名匠产生，成为一种深厚的文化积淀。在当今时代，使用笔、墨、纸、砚进行学习、写作的人越来越少了，但是，在中国的书法、绘画、收藏以及修身养性活动中，它们仍起着不可替代的作用。18 Translate the following into English(北京第二外国语学院 2013 研，考试科目：综合考试)座座岛屿玲珑小巧，紧密相连，像一串珍珠缀成的项链，环绕着半岛边缘。岛上椰树成片，沙滩如银，四周满是红色的珊瑚礁，景色如诗如画。19 岁月沧桑，风化雨蚀，造就了这里奇特的山体风貌：满山

20、巨塔高耸，穹丘浑圆，不倒翁摇摇欲坠，大拱门凌空面立，奇形怪状，自然天成。大自然造物不尽，还在不断创造新的神奇。20 对于传承了中西方精神的我来说，人的尊严体现于以下事实正是这些事实使人有别于动物。首先，对于求知，他有着游戏人间的好奇之心，也有一种天赋的才能；其二，他怀有梦想以及一种祟高的理想主义(确实，这种理想主义通常是模糊的，纷乱的，自负的，但自有其价值所在)；其三，更重要的是，他懂得用幽默感去修正他的梦想，用更为强健的现实主义约束他的理想主义。最后，他不像动物一样，对环境的变化总是千篇一律地作出机械反应，而是拥有定夺自身反应、以自身意志改变环境的能力和自由。因此，人是富于好奇心、想人非非、

21、风趣幽默而反复无常的造化物。英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 21 答案与解析一、翻译1 【正确答案】 The wise are free from perplexities: the virtuous from worries: and the brave from fear.2 【正确答案】 The RMB exchange rate against U. S. dollar has appreciated by 15 percent. Moreover, its noticeable that it has appreciated at a fast pace recently,

22、 conforming to the change of supply and demand in the market.3 【正确答案】 Books are my beloved in youth, my soul mate in middle age, and my companion in my later years. With books at my side, I will never feel lonely, nor fear social snobbery or fickleness of the world. Books have made me wealthy in the

23、 inner world. I cannot do without them even for a single day. When I am tired after finishing my work, or when I am angry or in a bad mood, I will try to get close to books for comfort, for it is a wonderful way for me to find spiritual consolation.4 【正确答案】 Hangzhou, one of Chinas six well-known anc

24、ient capital cities, has a history of more than 2, 000 years. It is famous not only for its natural beauty but also for its charm of cultural traditions. Besides many poems and inscriptions in its praise by men of letters through the dynasties, it also boasts local delicacies and pretty handicrafts.

25、 Generally speaking, a two-day tour of West Lake and scenic spots around it is advisable for a tourist. As a tourist, you will find it a pleasant and culturally rewarding trip to Hangzhou.5 【正确答案】 Unemployment, especially actively choosing to be unemployed, was actually a kind of courage, more likel

26、y a qualification.After experiencing numerous rounds of intense competition, Zhangchen, who graduated two years ago with a Masters degree, was hired by a multinational company of the worlds top 500 companies with his strength and opportunity. In one year, Zhangchen was promoted to be the program man

27、ager from an ordinary employee with the salary increasing by several times. But lately he announced to his family, “I have another promotion, but I intend to resign after Christmas. “That surprised Zhangchens family a lot. “Nothing uncomfortable, I just think this job would never bring me satisfacti

28、on again. “Update to the third quarter of 2005, the supply and demand of the whole nations labor force market indicated that the overall unemployment rate of our countrys youth from the age of 15 to 29 was up to 9% , which was much higher than 4. 5% of the average rural area register unemployment ra

29、te. Among this group, the number of people like Zhangchen actively choosing to be unemployed was more than a half.“There are many reasons to give up the chance of employment, but those people have a common feature that they do not starve for economic reasons at least in a short period. “The professo

30、r Ge Jianxiong of Fudan University thought that some young people indeed had the conditions to be unemployed as the society develops to nowadays. They do not need to work routinely like the office workers, but comparatively their life was extremely “ well-off“.6 【正确答案】 We are living in the ocean of

31、information, which drowns us, attacks us and beats us down. It exists at anytime and anywhere. But there are some questions: what is its influence on us? As we all know the benefits of the information revolution, but what is the harm? Whether these bombing things will influence our human nature?We a

32、re bombarded by so much information, being unaware of how much can be received. We are living in a busy and turbulent world, even the cars usually get annoyed. We run hither and thither and have no time to do anything.However, when is the most profound, the most significant and the most touching? Th

33、at is usually in some place which has low amount of information and very quiet environment. We will pay for the price with those places gradually disappearing from our life.With information permeated everywhere, we can know everything in the world without going out or even getting up. And then what

34、is the function of the library? The library is the place which stores and spreads wisdoms, to exchange ideas and brew the creation powers. But right now the situation is that many people are passively wandering in the information ocean without selection and gradually lose the ability of judging good

35、 from bad. If things go on like this, we do not know if we can have a continued civilization in the future.Here raises a question: what is difference between the knowledge and information? Obviously knowledge is the information which is processed and accumulated by the human brain which has the func

36、tion of deduction and memory, while information is the data which is processed a little. And the basic impulse of the people lies in using the benefit to make money in the consumer society. The information itself is a kind of beautiful thing without any harm. We have to realize that we should transf

37、er the information into knowledge. Or else, the information is useless.7 【正确答案】 What is the life of senior businessmen like? The research of Chinas senior businessmen which is undergone by Zhongshi market research firstly unveils the mystery of this group. This research reveals the characteristics i

38、n the aspects of their business decision, companys purchasing policy, the consumption of personal luxury items and family consumption style with statistics.The businessman samples of this research are from tens of thousands enterprises from every trades in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen.

39、The research finds that the number of the senior businessmen such as the high-level managers above the vice president, the chief officers in finance, marketing and IT is over 340, 000 in the four big cities, and the number of the high-level managers in foreign investment enterprise is over 42, 000.B

40、esides Chinese, English is the most frequently used language in workplaces of those senior businessmen. Oral English occupies 14% , and written English occupies 14%. 97. 94% of the senior managers have the passport of mainland of China, and the rest mostly possess the passport of Hongkong and Taiwan

41、. The senior businessmen have an average annual budget of 1.95 million yuan and work nearly for ten hours every day. They lay stress on the sports activities of which swimming, climbing mountains and running are the activities they usually take part in.8 【正确答案】 IBM is the biggest computer enterprise

42、 in the world and consistently remains the forefront in the list of World 500 big companies. Thomas, the founder of IBM, was born in an ordinary farmers family in the north of New York State. At that time the familys economic condition was not good, but the family attached importance to the strict m

43、oral education. Thomas father asked his children to respect everyone, keep clothes neatly, be frank and honest, try to do everything well and always have an optimistic attitude towards life. Besides, the most important point is:loyalty. Thomas consistently abided by these creeds meticulously, and he

44、 also wrote that professional rules down as the cornerstone of the corporation and asked every employee to follow. Today IBM has already been the biggest information industry multinational enterprise of information industry in the world. It is this creed that achieved his life, achieved IBM and achi

45、eved many IBM employees extraordinary life.9 【正确答案】 First, there exists peculiarity of contradiction in all forms of material movement. The understanding of matter is to know their forms of movement, because there is nothing in the world but matter in a certain form of movement. It is important that

46、 for each form of movement, attention must be paid to its relation with others. Still more importantly, what lays the foundation for knowing matter is its peculiarity, namely, the realization of fundamental difference from other motion forms. Only through this can distinctions be made between matter

47、s. All motion forms embody their own peculiar contradiction which constitutes their unique feature to distinguish themselves from others. That is the underlying reason why, or the basis on which all the matters are different in a thousand ways.10 【正确答案】 Some literary critics say that Chinese literat

48、i, especially poets, have a strong tinge of decadence, so Chinese poems account for predominance of singing the praises of autumn. Well, it is also the case with poets of foreign countries, isnt it? Little as I have read of foreign poetry and prose, I am not inclined to enumerate autumn-related poem

49、s and proses to compose a collection. However, should you thumb through collected works of English, German, French or Italian poets, or various countries anthologies of poetry and proses, you will surely find an abundance of literary pieces eulogizing or lamenting autumn. Among the long pastoral poetry or songs about four seasons written by every famous poet, the best and the most flavorous parts are about autumn. This shows that in all sensitive animals and emotional human beings alike, autumn is prone particularly to arouse feelings of depth, re