[考研类试卷]英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编1及答案与解析.doc

1、英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 1 及答案与解析一、填空题1 Human language is arbitrary. This refers to the fact that there is no logical or intrinsic connection between a particular sound and the_it is associated with.（人大 2007研)2 Human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which are not prese

2、nt(in time and space)at the moment of communication. This quality is labeled as _.（北二外 2003 研)3 By duality is meant the property of having two levels of structures,such that units of the _level are composed of elements of the_level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organization.(北

3、二外 2006 研)4 The features that define our human languages can be called _ features.（北二外2006 研)5 The term_originates from Malinowskis study of the functions of language performed by Trobriand Islanders.It refers to the social interaction of language.(中山大学 2006 研)6 Halliday proposes a theory of metafun

4、ctions of language, that is, language has_, interpersonal and textual functions.（中山大学 2008 研)7 Our language can be used to talk about itself. This is the_function of language.（中山大学 2005 研)8 Linguistics is usually defined as the_study of language.(北二外 2003 研)9 _studieshowthespeech soundsaremade, tran

5、smitted, andreceived, and _studies the rules governing the structure,distribution and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.（人大 2006 研)10 _studies meaning in language,_ is about principles of forming and understanding correct English sentences, and_ is concerned with the internal or

6、ganization of words. They are all among the main branches of linguistics.（人大 2006研)11 In Saussures view, the relationship between signifier(sound image)and signified(concept)is_.(北二外 2003 研)12 1_is the study of the language-processing mechanisms. It is concerned with the storage , comprehension, pro

7、duction and acquisition of language; _on the other hand, attempts to show the relationship between language and society.They both belong to branches of macrolinguistics.（人大 2006 研)13 Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics(utter

8、ances)as_and _. The former refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing.（人大 2006 研)14 _ grammars attempt to tell what is in the language, while_grammars tell

9、 people what should be in the language.Most contemporary linguists believe that whatever occurs naturally in the language should be described.（人大 2006 研)15 One of the important distinctions in linguistics is _and performance.（人大2006 研)16 Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while

10、performing heavy work has been called the_theory.17 The description of a language as it changes through time is a_study. 18 Linguistic potential is similar to Saussures langue and Chomskys_.19 The soundbcan be described with “_, bilabial, stop“.（北二外 2004 研)20 Consonant articulations are relatively e

11、asy to feel and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of_and manner of articulation.（北二外 2004 研)21 _are produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal tract at some place to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity.（中山大学 2006研)22 Consonant articulat

12、ions are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of place and_of articulation.(北二外 2008 研)23 The soundkcan be described with “voiceless, _, stop“.（北二外 2003 研)24 _refers to the change of a sound as a result of the influence of an adjacent sound.(中山大学 2005 研)2

13、5 Stress refers to the degree of _used in producing a syllable.（中山大学 2006研)英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编 1 答案与解析一、填空题1 【正确答案】 meaning【试题解析】 （语言具有任意性，其所指与其形式没有逻辑或内在的联系。)2 【正确答案】 displacement【试题解析】 （移位性是指人类语言可以让使用者在交际时用语言符号代表时间和空间上不可及的物体、事件和观点。)3 【正确答案】 primary，secondary【试题解析】 （双重性是指拥有两层结构的这种属性，底层结构是上层结构的组成成分，每层都

14、有自身的组合规则。)4 【正确答案】 design【试题解析】 （人类语言区别于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区别特征，是人类语言特有的特征。)5 【正确答案】 phatic communion【试题解析】 （寒暄功能是指那些有助于确立和维持人际关系的表达，最先由Malinowski 提出。)6 【正确答案】 ideational【试题解析】 （韩理德将儿童的语言功能范围逐渐缩小，简化成为一套高度符号化和抽象化的功能：概念、人际、语篇功能。)7 【正确答案】 metalingual【试题解析】 （语言的元语言功能是指语言可以用来讨论语言本身。)8 【正确答案】 scientific【试题解析】

15、 （语言学通常被定义为研究科学的语言，或对语言的科学研究。)9 【正确答案】 phonetics：phonology【试题解析】 （语音学研究语音是如何产生，传播以及接收的；音系学研究支配语音分布和排列的规则以及音节的形式。)10 【正确答案】 semantics；syntax ；morphology【试题解析】 （语义学研究语言的意义，句法学研究构成句子的规则，形态学研究词汇的内部结构。三者都是语言学的分支。)11 【正确答案】 arbitrary【试题解析】 （索绪尔认为符号的形式或声音与其意义之间没有逻辑联系，所以两者之间的关系是任意的。)12 【正确答案】 psycholinguist

16、ics：sociolinguistics【试题解析】 （心理语言学研究语言处理机制，如语言的记忆，理解及习得等；社会语言学研究语言与社会之间的关系。)13 【正确答案】 langue；parole【试题解析】 （索绪尔用语言和言语来区分说话者的语言能力和言语上（表达的)的实际表现或语料。)14 【正确答案】 descriptive：prescriptive【试题解析】 （描述性语言记录语言共同体的成员所遵循的规则，规定式的语言学目的在于为正确使用语言定下各种规则。)15 【正确答案】 competence【试题解析】 （语言能力指理想的语言使用者关于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中关于

17、语言规则知识的实际使用。)16 【正确答案】 yo-he-ho【试题解析】 （语言的起源有“汪汪”理论，“噗噗”理论和“哟嘿吼”理论。“哟嘿吼”理论语言起源于原始人共同劳动时发出的有节奏的哼哟声。)17 【正确答案】 Diachronic linguistic【试题解析】 （历时语言学集中研究几十年或几百年的时期内两个或比两个更多的语言状况的差异。)18 【正确答案】 Competence【试题解析】 （索绪尔的语言与乔姆斯基的语言能力相似，因为二者都指抽象的语言知识，不是实际使用中的语言。)19 【正确答案】 voiced【试题解析】 （b 是双唇音，爆破音，浊音。)20 【正确答案】 place【试题解析】 （辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。)21 【正确答案】 consonants【试题解析】 （发音时，声道的某些部位受到压缩或阻碍后，使得气流在口腔里转向、受阻或完全被阻塞而产生的音叫做辅音。)22 【正确答案】 manner【试题解析】 （辅音根据发音方式和发音部位进行分类。)23 【正确答案】 velar【试题解析】 （k 是清音，软腭音，爆破音。)24 【正确答案】 assimilation【试题解析】 （同化指一个音具有了邻近音的一部分或者全部特征的这一过程，包括鼻化、齿化、鄂化。)25 【正确答案】 force【试题解析】 （重音指在音节发音时所用的力度。)