[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编102及答案与解析.doc

1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 102 及答案与解析汉译英1 总经理、总裁、首席执行官这样的头衔在现代商业中屡见不鲜。这些企业老总的头衔意味着什么? 有人说意味着位高权重、腰缠万贯、交游广阔、傲慢自大甚至颐指气使。我虽然当总裁的时间不长，感受还不够深刻，但比隔岸观火要好很多。在我看来，成功的企业老总主要具备以下几种品质：首先，要有思想，有对如何发展企业的战略思想和理念。这事听起来简单，做起来还是很有难度的。思想虽然看不见、摸不着，但是却能让人感觉得到，这种思想代表着企业价值认同，能够引领企业发展方向。其次，领导力是断不可缺的。老总在关键时候做事少不了要果断决绝甚至冷酷无情，这就难免使员工陷入恐慌

2、或愤怒。但是，好的老总在行使自己的权利时会充分考虑到人性，并因此会受到其下属的爱戴。另外，要有坚强意志，要有一往无前的精神，特别是在企业遇到困难的时候。因为很多兴产业前人没做过，碰上前人不曾遇到的挑战在所难免。我们目睹了国内家电产业从繁荣到生存大战的残酷，领略了互联网产业从新兴到泡沫破裂大浪淘沙似的血雨腥风。而现今的云计算和物联网等新兴产业又将去向何方?鹿死谁手呢?“剩者”为王，生存下来的企业一定是经得起磨砺，具有百折不挠的精神。综上所述，老总是企业的领袖，是灵魂。我将为之努力，做一个有思想、有坚定意志并能果断决策的企业领导人。2 申美航空运输市场开放，距离真正意义上的双方机会均等、互利共赢，

3、还有一段距离。扩大中美航空运输市场开放力度，将对中国航空企业带来新的压力。在中美航空客运市场上，受市场需求、运力投放、运营管理等因素影响，中国航空企业一直处于劣势，整体上一直处于亏损状态，而美国航空企业则一直回报丰厚。中国航空货运企业发展刚刚起步，而国运业务是美国航空业目前发展最快的业务。美国方面对新航权的强劲需求和中国的相对过剩形成对比，开放领域加大，势必使这种差距也随之加大。航空市场开放力度加大，并非绝对利空。目前，虽然中关航线整体竞争力不强，但部分大型航空公司可以提前布局，以当前的亏损换取未来的繁荣。此外，开放力度的加大，会进一步促进中国民航业的改革，加速行业的整合，加快各运营公司改善自

4、身状况，有利于整个行业的良性发展。3 近年来，许多中国出口厂商受到了金融危机的冲击，我们必须采取有效措施来对付这种出口低迷的局面，全方位地开拓国际市场。俗话说：“不能在一棵树上吊死。”在选择新市场时要权衡其风险与机会，并且要反映迅速；要随时跟踪市场变化情况，以便选择有利时机和地点抓紧出口。只有那些富有活力、洞察力和应变力的企业才能在市场景气时大显身手，而在市场萧条时也能站稳脚艰。当某些市场疲软时，总还有另一些市场坚挺，所以能够做到“东方不亮西方亮” 。出口商品必须有一流的品质、款式和包装，但行之有效的广告宣传和促销活动也很重要，尤其要提高用外语针对国外市场进行宣传的能力。赴国外参展、派人员出国

5、推销、在国外建立生产或销售点等等，一定要讲求实效。4 主席先生：2000 年以来，联合国确立的千年发展目标，为实现人类生存和发展作出了重要贡献，然而全球发展道路依然漫长。国际社会在减贫、消除饥饿、妇幼健康与教育等领域仍然任务艰巨，在环境、气候变化、能源资源安全等领域面临新的挑战。千年发展目标将在一年后到期，2015 年后发展议程将接过历史的接力棒。国际社会应本着继承和创新精神，拿出更有效方案，采取更积极行动，推动人类社会的共同发展。中国认为，发展议程应达成三个目标：一是惠民生，以消除贫困和促进发展为核心。二是促包容，维护社会公平正义。三是重落实，以发展模式多样化、共同但有区别的责任等为指导原则

6、，加强全球发展伙伴关系，完善执行手段和机制。(节选自 2014 年王毅外长在第 69 届联合国大会，题为“共谋和平发展，共守法治正义”的发言 )5 当今世界正处于大发展、大变革、大调整时期。世界多极化和经济全球化深入发展，国与国相互依存，利益交融已达到前所未有的程度。求和平、谋发展、促合作成为不可阻挡的时代潮流。但世界局部冲突和热点问题此起彼伏，南北差距拉大，传统安全威胁和非传统安全威胁相：互交织，世界和平与发展仍面临诸多问题。面对这些挑战，没有任何国家能独立应对，唯有携手合作才是正确选择。中美作为联合国安理会常任理事国，分别作为世界上最大发展中国家和最大的发达国家，无论是在推动世界经济可持续

7、增长方面，还是维护世界和平和安全方面，面临着共同的课题，肩负着重要责任。节选自习近平在“ 世界和平论坛 ”开幕式上的致辞英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 102 答案与解析汉译英1 【正确答案】 Titles such as General Manager, President and CEO are not uncommon in modern business world. What do the titles mean? Some people say it means high position, power, wealth, social circles, arrogance, and

8、even domineer. Although I have been a president for not a long time and my insight is not profound, I should at least have more to say tha outsiders. In my opinion, successful business executives mainly possess the following qualities:First of all, they must have their own ideas, namely, strategic i

9、deas and philosophies of business development. It sounds easy, but it is difficult in practice. Ideas are invisible and untouchable, but they can be felt. Representing the recognition of a corporate value, they can lead the direction of enterprise development.Furthermore, leadership is indispensable

10、. Business executives act decisively or even ruthlessly at some crucial moments, which would inevitably fall the employees into panic or anger. However, good leaders will fully take into account of human nature; therefore, they can enjoy the love and esteem of their subordinatesAdditionally, busines

11、s executives must have a strong will. They must press forward with the indomitable spirits, especially when their businesses encounter difficulties. Precedential challenges are inevitable since no one has tried in the emerging industries before. We not only have witnessed the property of the domesti

12、c appliance industry and the cruelty of surviving competition, but also the rise of the Internet industry and its deflated bubbles after bloody competitions. Where are such rising industries as cloud computing and web of things heading for? And who will be the champion? Only the best can survive. Th

13、ose companies survived at last must be those going through the difficulties with perseveranceIn summary, a business executive, the leader of an enterprise, is the soul of it. I will work hard to be a business leader with original ideas, strong will and decisiveness.2 【正确答案】 The opening up of China-U

14、S air transport market still has a long way to go before a true realization of equal opportunity, mutual benefit and win-win situation.The expansion of China-US air transport market will exert a new pressure on Chinese airlines. In China-US aviation passenger transport market, influenced by market d

15、emand, transport capacity, operations management and other factors, Chinese airlines have been at a disadvantage, having deficits in general, while the US aviation industry is making big money. China s air freight enterprise is at a beginning stage, while for the US aviation industry, international

16、transportation is the fastest growing business. There is a sharp contrast between America s strong demand for more airline rights and China s relative surplus. The opening up of the market will surely increase the gap.However, the expansion of the airline market won t necessarily result in deficits.

17、 Although currently the whole line is not so competitive, some major airlines could make layouts in advance, sacrificing current losses for future prosperity. Besides, the opening up will spur reforms in China s civil aviation industry, promote industry consolidation, and stimulate operating compani

18、es to make improvements, contributing to sound progress in the whole industry.3 【正确答案】 In recent years, many Chinese exporters are adversely affected by the financial crisis. We must take effective measures to deal with this export slump, and to develop international markets in all directions. Just

19、as the saying goes, “do not hang in one tree“ , while choosing the new markets, we have to weigh the risks and opportunities and to react rapidly; we also need to keep track of the changes in market in order to select favorable time and place to export. Only those enterprises full of vitality, insig

20、ht and resilience could flourish in the market and survive even in the depressed market. When some of the markets are weak, there are always other markets that are strong, thus we are able to find another door when one door shuts.Exports must have first-class quality, style and packaging, but effect

21、ive advertising and promotional activities are also important, especially the promotion by foreign languages targeted at foreign markets, which demands us to improve our language ability. Also, we must be practical and effective while participating in trade fairs abroad, sending staff abroad for pro

22、motion, and establishing factories or sales outlets abroad, etc.4 【正确答案】 Mr. President,The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set by the United Nations in 2000 have contributed greatly to human survival and development, yet global development remains a protracted task. The international community f

23、aces not only formidable challenges in poverty reduction, hunger elimination, the health of women and children and education but also new challenges in the environment, climate change and energy and resources security.Next year is the deadline set for meeting the MDGs and the post-2015 development a

24、genda will take over the historical mission. The international community should build on past progress and break new ground, adopt more effective plans and take more robust actions to advance the common development of mankind.As China sees it, the development agenda should have three goals; first, i

25、t should advance peoples wellbeing, with focus on poverty eradication and development promotion. Second it should promote inclusiveness so as to uphold social equity and justice. Third it should ensure implementation. The agenda, guided by the principles of diversity in development models and common

26、 but differentiated responsibilities, should aim to enhance global partnerships on development and improve implementation tools and mechanisms.5 【正确答案】 The world is undergoing major development, dramatic change and big adjustment at present. With the deepening of world multi-polarization and economi

27、c globalization, countries are more interdependent with their interests, more closely interwoven than at any time in history. To pursue peace, development and cooperation is the irresistible trend of our time. However, world peace and development is still faced with numerous obstacles, as evidenced

28、by unceasing local conflicts and hotspot issues, widening gap between the North and the South and simultaneous presence of traditional and non-traditional security threats. To tackle these challenges, no country is able to succeed without cooperation. As permanent members of the United Nations Secur

29、ity Council and respectively the biggest developing country and the biggest developed country, China and the United States share the same task and shoulder important responsibilities in terms of promoting the sustainable development of world economy and safeguarding world peace and security.Excerpt from Xi Jinpings speech on opening ceremony of World Peace Forum