[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编86及答案与解析.doc

1、英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 86 及答案与解析英译汉1 The Dead Sea, shared by Israel and Jordan, is the lowest spot on Earth. Its shoreline is a-bout 400 meters below sea level. As the world s saltiest large body of water, averaging a salt content 6 times higher than that of any ocean, the Dead Sea supports no life. With no

2、 outlet, the water that flows into the Dead Sea evaporates in the hot, arid air, leaving the minerals. The Jordan River is the chief source of the incoming water, but since the 1960s much of its water has been diverted for irrigation. Its length has already shrunk by more than a third, and, while th

3、e sea will never entirely disappear due to evaporation slowing down as surface area decreases and saltiness increases, the Dead Sea as we know it could become a thing of the past.2 Cambridge psychologists and computer scientists have developed a mobile phone technology which can tell if a caller is

4、happy, angry, bored or sad. The Emotion Sense technology will enable psychologists to show links between moods, location and people. It uses speech-recognition software and phone sensors attached to standard smart phones to assess how people s emotions are influenced by day-to-day factors.The sensor

5、s analyze voice samples and then place them into 5 emotional categories: happiness, sadness, fear, anger and a neutral category ( such as boredom or passivity). Scientists then cross-reference these emotions against surroundings, the time of day and the caller s relationship with the person they are

6、 speaking to. Results from a pilot scheme revealed that callers are happier at home, sadder at work and display more intense emotions in the evenings.3 Acting recently as an expert witness in a murder trial, I became aware of a small legal problem caused by the increasingly multicultural nature of o

7、ur society. According to English law, a man is guilty of murder if he kills someone with the intention either to kill or to injure seriously. But he is guilty of the lesser crime of manslaughter if he has been sufficiently provoked or if his state of mind at the time was abnormal enough to reduce hi

8、s responsibility. The legal test here is a comparison with the supposedly ordinary manthe man on the Clapham omnibus, as the legal cliche has it. Would that ordinary person feel provoked under similar circumstances? Was the accused s state of mind at the time of the killing very different from that

9、of an average man?4 Sparkling or still? Spring or tap? Imported or domestic? Flavored or plain? There s nothing simple about a drink of water, now that the bottled stuff outsells both milk and beer in the United States. In just a couple of decades, we ve become a nation awash in bottled waterwith te

10、ns of billions of plastic empties to prove ittransforming the Drinking Fountain on a city street into a dated curiosity akin to the public telephone booth.How one of life s basic necessities became a heavily marketed beverage in a plastic bottle is the subject of Elizabeth Royte s new book Bottleman

11、ia; How Water Went on Sale and Why We Bought It. Royte, an environmental journalist based in Brooklyn, N. Y. , shares the many, sometimes bizarre, unintended consequences of cracking open that plastic seal.5 Since 1989 Mayor Richard Daley has presided over the planting of more than 300,000 trees, wh

12、ich he says not only please the eye but “reduce noise, air pollution and summer heat. “ Twenty-one underutilized acres around the city have been turned into 72 community gardens and parks. The renovation of Soldier Field on the lakefront will include 17 acres of new parkland. The largest park projec

13、t, the Calumet Open Space Reserve on the far Southeast Side, is 4,000 acres of prairies, wetlands and forests.The city contracts with an organization called the Christian Industrial League, which hires man-y down-and-out persons to wash stress and water plants. And the organization is building a gre

14、enhouse that will sell flowers in winter.英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编 86 答案与解析英译汉1 【正确答案】 位于以色列和约旦边境的死海是地球上的海拔最低点。它的海岸线大约在海平面以下 400 米。作为世界上最咸的一个水体，死海的平均含盐量是普通海域的六倍，因此死海中没有任何生命。由于没有出口，流人死海的水只能靠炎热干旱的空气蒸发，留下矿物质。约旦河是进水的主要来源，但自从 60 年代以来，约旦河的水大部分被用于灌溉。它的长度已经缩短了三分之一以上。虽然死海永远不会完全消失，因为海域面积的缩小和含盐量的增加使蒸发不断减缓，但我们所了解的死海或许终究将成

15、为历史。2 【正确答案】 剑桥大学的心理学家和计算机科学家联合研发了一种新型移动电话技术，可以识别通话者的心情是高兴，愤怒，无聊或者悲伤。情感感应技术将帮助心理学家发现情绪、地点与人之间的联系。通过语言识别软件和连接在智能电话上的感应器，情感感应技术能够分析出人的情绪如何受日常因素的影响。感受器分析声音片段，并把它们定位于五个不同的情感区间，即：开心，悲伤，恐惧，愤怒和中性区间(厌倦或者消极)。之后科学家们交叉分析这些情绪与环境、一天的时段以及通话人关系之间的联系。一个试验性计划的结果显示，通话者在回家时比较高兴，在工作时比较悲伤，在晚间则表现出更多的紧张情绪。3 【正确答案】 最近，我在一个

16、谋杀案的审讯中作为专业证人出庭。在这个过程中，我开始意识到一个由文化逐渐多元的社会所带来的法律小问题。根据英国法律，如果一个人出于故意杀害或伤害的目的杀人，他就是有罪的。不过，如果当时他处于严重被激怒的状态，或者他的精神状态十分异常导致他所付的责任应当减少，他同样是有罪的，可犯的却是指控较轻的误杀罪。这里所使用的法律测试是将被告与一个被认为是普通人的人作比较，用法律术语说，也就是“在案件那种特定的情况下一个正常理智的人” 。在相似的情形下，这个普通理智的人是否也会被激怒? 被告在杀人的瞬间，精神状态是否与一般人非常不同?4 【正确答案】 是闪闪发光的还是静止不动的?是泉水还是自来水? 是进口的

17、还是国产的?是有味道的还是原味的? 喝水真不是一件简单的事情，现在瓶装水在美国的销量已经超过了牛奶和啤酒。在短短几十年时间里，我们已然成为了一个被瓶装水淹没了的国家那些数百亿的塑料空瓶就证明了这一点，城市街道上的自动饮水喷头已经成了类似于公共电话亭的过时的奇物。伊丽莎白-罗伊特的新书瓶装水热潮：水怎样开始销售以及我们为什么购买谈论的就是这样的一个主题：生活的一件必需品是怎样变成极大市场化了的瓶装饮料。罗伊特，一位在纽约布鲁克林区的环境记者，跟我们分享了许多打开塑料瓶盖后离奇的、意想不到的经历。5 【正确答案】 自从 1989 年以来，理查德?戴利市长主持的植树数目已经超过了 30 万棵，戴利认为树木不仅赏心悦目，而且能够“降低噪音、减少空气污染、缓解夏季炎热天气” 。城市周围 21 英亩未充分使用的土地变成了 72 个社区公园或者花园。湖边的士兵领地球场翻新还将新建 17 英亩的公园。远在东南区的卡柳梅特开放区是最大的公园项目，覆盖面积 4000 英亩，包括平原，湿地和森林。城市与基督教工业联盟组织达成协议，基督教工业联盟雇佣穷困潦倒的人来清洗街道，给树木浇水。另外，该组织正在建设一座暖房，从而在冬天提供和销售鲜花。