[考研类试卷]英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷32及答案与解析.doc

1、英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 32 及答案与解析汉译英1 科学家与环保人士担心全球变暖的问题。使用化石燃料(如石油、煤)或大面积砍伐森林，是地球大气“ 温室气体 ”不断增加的两大因素。这些气体所吸收的热能越来越多，最终将改变天气型态、造成海平面与海洋温度的上升，以及形成有害于植物、野生动物和人类栖息地的气候反常。虽然科学界对全球变暖的影响程度尚有歧见，但若人类对温室效应造成的危险置之不理，无异于玩火自焚。为避免温室效应加剧，从个人角度来看我们可以做的就是降低对化石燃料的依赖、减少用电，并采取最不耗损自然资源的生活方式。在政府这个层面，世界大部份的工业化国家，已在一九九七年所签定的京都议定书

2、中，宣誓将做到气体排放减量。2 城市中的绿洲走在人声鼎沸、高楼耸立的城市里，大楼帷幕玻璃在阳光里闪闪发亮。这些巨大的建筑物曾经是进步与繁荣的象征，不过在环保人士的眼里可不是如此。建筑物的玻璃窗会吸收大量的能量，进而增加室内的温度，也带来了高额的电费。随着世界各国对节约能源投以越来越多的关注，建筑师也渐渐地将环保理念融人设计中。广泛使用集热的太阳能板，也被视为“绿色建筑” 的下一拨大事。太阳能板可收集太阳生成的热能，以提供灯具或其他家用电器的电力。在大家对化石燃料是否有耗尽的一天仍然争论不休之际，风力和热力也被认为是很好的替代能源。3 尾气污染近年来，中国汽车保有量年平均增长达 15左右。汽车总

3、量剧增，大量排放有害气体，成为危害国人身心健康的“无形杀手” 。据统计，在全国总死亡人数中，呼吸系统疾病占 2264，居死亡人数第一位，这与大气的污染有直接关系。专家分析，城市大气污染 70以上来自汽车尾气排放。北京大气中 74的碳氢化合物、63的一氧化碳和 37的氮氧化物均来自汽车尾气。专家还指出，中国汽车尾气污染的根本源头是现代汽车工业技术水平低下，新车质量不高，能源消耗高。中国汽车设计与制造技术水平大多尚停留在国际 60 年代水平。大多数汽车装配 492 型发动机，整体性能差，电子喷射技术差，汽油燃烧不充分，机内净化问题没有解决好，没有严格的新车尾气排放标准。汽车尾气污染城市环境问题已引

4、起国家有关部门及民众的高度重视，一些治理措施正在逐步有效地展开。国务院规定，中国将在 2000 年完全禁止生产、销售和使用含铅汽油。4 现在，我们正迈人一个新的世纪，展现在我们面前的将是更大的进步。科学家们正在着手建立新的基因数据库，研究超容量的计算机及其他一些工具，他们正在揭开有关我们的肌体是如何运转的、我们的大脑是如何储存一生的记忆等方面的奥秘。如果我是一个期望在这个新世纪做出贡献的年轻人，我将首先关注生物学。它是一个充满无数重大的、迷人的问题并需要冒险精神的竞技场。当然，与所有科学一样，它也是一个包容了整个世界而不是任何一个国家的竞技场。拥有骄人科学历史的中国，已经造就出了一批最优秀的研

5、究者，但还有更多的潜能有待开发。世界期待着中国的年轻人用他们的智慧和热情来推进科学的发展，并为我们大家把这个星球建设成更健康更美好的地方。5 中国航空业最近，中国发射的国产新一代火箭“长征三号” ，将一颗美国制造的通信卫星送上轨道。这标志着中国在国际市场的竞争中又一次取得了成功。这颗新卫星，为亚太通信卫星有限公司所拥有。它已于 8 月 1 日投入商业运行。有 7 家中国的电视台租用。这颗通信卫星的制造商美国休斯公司在中国的的通信卫星市场上占有大多数份额。休斯公司还将与中国合作，为亚太通信卫星有限公司再发射一颗卫星。在经历了 1996 年的两度发射失败之后，中国的商业卫星发射已取得了显著的进步，

6、中国的目标是使中国公司在全球航天工业中扮演重要角色。英语翻译基础（英汉互译）模拟试卷 32 答案与解析汉译英1 【正确答案】 Scientists and environmentalists are concerned about global warming. The use of fossil fuels such as petroleum and coal and the deforestation of large areas are the two major factors behind rising levels of “greenhouse gases“ in the Eart

7、h s atmosphere. As these gases retain more and more heat energy, the eventual results will be altered weather patterns, an increase in sea levels and o-cean temperatures, and disruptive climate changes that affect the habitats of plants, wildlife and humans.Although there is disagreement within the

8、scientific community about the extent of global warming , humans would be playing with fire if we were to ignore the danger it poses . As individuals, we can reduce our reliance on fossil fuels, use less electricity and adopt lifestyles that minimize the use of natural resources. On the governmental

9、 level, most of the world s industrialized nations have pledged to cut gas emissions under the Kyoto Protocol in 1997.【知识模块】 汉译英2 【正确答案】 An Oasis in the CityWalking down the buzzing streets of a big city, with a wall of skyscrapers towering over you, their all-glass facades seem to shimmer under the

10、 sun. These mammoth structures, which were once a symbol of progress and prosperity, is no longerat least in the eyes of environmentally conscious people. The buildings glazed windows absorb a tremendous amount of energy, and tend to significantly raise the mercury of the interiors. That translates

11、into a fat electricity bill. With growing concern about energy conservation the world over, more and more architects have tried to incorporate environmentalism into their designs.The use of solar panels, which collect the sun s energy to power lights and other electrical appliances , has been widely

12、 touted as the next big thing in green buildings. As the debate over the potential exhaustion of fossil fuels rages on, wind and thermal power are also considered good alternatives.【知识模块】 汉译英3 【正确答案】 Exhaust PollutionOver the past few years, the number of motor vehicles on Chinese roads has risen on

13、 average by some 15 percent annually. This drastic increase has created a large amount of exhaust pollution, forming an “ invisible killer“ menacing the health of the general public. Respiratory disease is the top cause of death in China, accounting for 22. 64 percent, and this has been directly bla

14、med on atmospheric pollution. The result of an official analysis indicates that over 70 percent of air pollution in urban areas is created by vehicle exhaust. In Beijing, for example, 74 percent of the carbon and hydrogen compound, 63 percent of carbon monoxide and 37 percent of nitrogen oxide compo

15、und in the air come from vehicle exhaust.Some experts believe the basic reason is a lack of technological advances in China s auto industry , resulting in the low quality and high energy consumption level of new models. China s auto design and manufacturing technology remain at the international lev

16、el of the 1960s. Most vehicles are equipped with the standard No. 492 engine, featuring poor properties, outdated electronic ignition technology and insufficient burning of fuel. This negatively affects the purification system, preventing proper emission control. Pollution caused by vehicle exhausts

17、 has claimed wide attention from both the general public and the government. As a result, a series of effective improvement measures have been put into effect. The State Council has issued stipulations on completely banning the production, marketing and use of leaded gasoline by 2000.【知识模块】 汉译英4 【正确

18、答案】 Now, as we enter this new century, even greater advances lie before us. Scientists are turning to new genetic databases, high-powered computers, and other tools. They are unraveling mysteries about how our bodies develop and how our brains store the memories of a lifetime. If I were a young pers

19、on looking to make a contribution in this new century, I would look first to biology. It is an arena filled with important problems, fascinating questions, and a spirit of adventure. Also, like all of science, it is an arena that includes the entire world rather than any one nation. China, with its

20、proud scientific history, is already producing some of the best researchers, but it has the potential to do even more. The world looks to the young people of China for both their brains and their hearts to help advance science and make the planet a healthier and better place for all of us.【知识模块】 汉译英

21、5 【正确答案】 China s Aerospace industryRecently, China launched the “ Long March 3“ , one of a new-generation of Chinese built rockets. It carried into orbit a US-built communication satellite. This marks another success by China as it competes in the international commercial market.The new satellite, o

22、wned by Apstar Satellite Corporation, was put into commercial use on August 1. Seven Chinese TV stations now subscribe to its services.Hughes Electronics Corp. , manufacturer of the satellite, has taken a major share of China s communication satellite market and will cooperate again with China to launch another satellite, also owned by Apstar.After two failures in 1996, Chinas commercial satellite launch program has made remarkable improvement. The goal is to establish Chinese companies as key players in the global aerospace industry.【知识模块】 汉译英